主題閱讀09 計(jì)劃愿望(原卷版)-【暑假提能】2021年暑假新高二英語素養(yǎng)提升專練之主題閱讀系列(全國通用)

優(yōu)點(diǎn)英語【暑假提能】2021年暑假新高二英語素養(yǎng)提升專練之主題閱讀系列(全國通用)主題閱讀09計(jì)劃愿望1We’veallexperiencedfailure.Whetherwelikeitornot,failureispartoflife.Howpeoplerespondtoitisofgreatimportancebothtotheirdecisionsandachievements.Somearelikelytohavesuchexpectations:“IfIshouldreachthatgoal,howhappywouldIfeel?”Inarecentstudy,wewantedtounderstandhowsuchexpectationsmaychangeinthefaceoffailure.Arepeopleabletopredicttheirownhappiness?Theoldsaying“thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheotherside”suggeststhatpeoplespendmuchoftheirtimelongingforthingstheycan’thave.Inotherwords,theharderitistoachieve,thehigherthevaluation.Butisthisagoodmodelforhowordinarypeopleprocessfailure?AccordingtothestoryTheFoxandtheGrapes,failureoftenleadsustodropourinitial(最初的)plan.Inthestory,thefoxjumpswithallhisstrength,yethefailstoreachthegrapes.Finally,hewalksaway,concludingthatthegrapesweresour(酸的)anyway.So,whichisit:greenergrassorsourgrapes?Wedidanexperimenttodeterminehowpeoplereacttofailure.Inthestudy,about1,200participants(參加者)receivedeithergoodorpoorfeedback(反饋)onthepracticetrialofatest.Halfofthemweretoldthattheyhadperformedinthebottom20percent,whiletheotherhalf,inthetop20percent.Theywerethenaskedtopredicthowtheywouldfeeliftheyearnedahighscoreontheactualtest.Theresearchresultsshowedthatthosewhoreceivedpoorfeedbackonthepracticetrialpredictedthattheywouldfeellesshappinessandlesspride,comparedtothosewhoreceivedstrongfeedback.However,whentheyreceivedatopscoreontheactualtestlater,theywerejustashappyastheotherhalf,andmuchhappierthantheyhadpredictedbefore.Thissuggeststhattheinitialfailuremadepeopleundervaluehowgooditwouldfeeltosucceedinthefuture.Thequestionthough,iswhyfailuremakesusdownplayourfuturehappiness.AccordingtoProfessorJonElster,peopledon’talwaysknowwhattheywant,andoftenchangetheirwishestomatchwhatappearswithinreach.Whentheoutcomedoesn’tfittheonetheyhaveofthemselves,theyprotectthemselvesbydevaluingthegoal—ratherthandevaluingself.Inotherwords,whenpersonalfailurehappens,onewayofprotectingourpositive(積極的)senseofselfistorefusetoaccepttheemotionalimportanceoffutureachievements.Detachment(超脫)frompersonalgoalscanbeuseful,ifithelpspeopleredirecttheirattentionfromtheimpossibletobetterandmoreachievablegoals.However,ifthesour-grapeeffectkicksintooearlyandpeoplebecomefearfuloffailure,theycouldmissoutonthechancetotryagainandrealizethatwhatonceseemedimpossibleisnowwithinreach.1.WhatdoesthestoryTheFoxandtheGrapessuggest?A.Theoutcomevaluationdependsonwhatgoalisset.B.Difficultiesresultinahigherachievementexpectation.C.Pastperformancedoesn’thelppredictfuturehappiness.D.Initialfailuremakesfuturesuccessappearlessattractive.2.Theword“downplay”inParagraph6probablymeans“________”.A.undervalue B.betterunderstand C.destroy D.discover3.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A.Theparticipantscaredmoreaboutstrongfeedback.B.Thehappierpeoplearethosewhopredictlesshappiness.C.Theparticipants’performancefailedtomatchtheirabilities.D.Peopledevaluethegoaltokeepapositiveviewofthemselves.4.Whatisthewritertryingtotellus?A.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B.Detachmentstopspeoplefromchangingwishes.C.Theseeminglyimpossibleisworthtryingsometimes.D.Thesour-grapeeffectpushesustokeepmovingforward.2Inthelastcentury,aseriesofmissionshavebeencarriedouttoexplorethemoon-Earth’sonlynaturalsatellite.Amongthem,NASA’sApollo11missionwaspioneeringasitsucceededinlandingthefirsthumansonthemoononJuly20,1969.Severaldecadeslater,NASAannounceditsArtemisprogram.NamedaftertheGreekgoddessofthemoonandtwinsisterofApollo,theArtemisprogramwillsendhumanstothemoonbytheyear2024.Andthistime,themoonwillwelcomeitsfirstfemaleastronaut.Upuntilnow,only12people,allmale,haveeverwalkedonthemoon.“Nowomanhaseverwalkedonthelunarsurface.”BettinaInclan,NASAcommunicationsdirectorsaidinastatement.ButtheArtemisprogramwillchangethis.Women,ofcourse,havebeeninvolvedinspaceprojectsandmadevaluablecontributions.In1963,astronautValentinaTereshkovafromtheSovietUnionbecamethefirstwomantotravelintospace.However,theprogresstowardwomen’saccesstospaceflightprogramshasbeenslow.Womenhavebeenheldbackbyvariousrequirementsandsecurityconcerns.Forexample,astronautshadtobetestpilotswithacertainamountofexperience.Thiswasaproblemasthetheywereallmalesatthetime.In1962,NASAwrotetoalittlegirlwhowantedtobeanastronaut.Thelettersaid,“Wehavenopresentplanstoemploywomenonspaceflightsbecauseofthedegreeofscientificandflighttraining,andthephysicalcharacteristics,whicharerequired.”Womenhaveindeedmadeprogressinthisparticulararea,andhaveadvantagesovertheirmalecolleagues.Womentendtobesmaller,whichmeanstheyuselessoxygenandtakeuplessspaceinsmallspacecrafts.Also,womenusuallyhavegreatercommunicationskillsthatmakethembetter-suitedtolongspaceflights.Despitechallenges,womenhaveshownthattheyhavetheabilitytojointhatgreatgroupofmenwhohavegonetothemoon.Andthiswilltrulybearemarkablemomentinhistory.5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.TheApollo11wasthefirstmissionthatwascarriedouttoexplorethemoon.B.Womenmadenoprogressinthespaceflightprogramsinthe20thcentury.C.NASAannouncedtosendthefirstwomanastronauttothemoonby2024.D.TheArtemisprogramwillonlybringwomenastronautstothemoon.6.TheexamplegiveninParagraph6istoshowthat________.A.NASAtookthelittlegirl’sopinionseriouslyatthattime.B.itwasimpossibleforawomantobeanastronautatthebeginning.C.alotofgirlsinAmericawereeagertobecomeastronautsthen.D.womenhadmadegreatprogressinspaceflightprogramme.7.Whichofthefollowingisanadvantageofwomenovermeninspaceflight?A.Womenusuallyneedmoreroomthanmando.B.Womenusuallyconsumemoreoxygenthanmendo.C.Womencaneasilygetusedtolivinginspace.D.Womenaremorelikelytogetalongwithothers.3Hometovirginreefs,raresharksandvastnumbersofexoticfish,theCoralSeaisauniquehavenofbiodiversityoffthenortheasterncoastofAustralia.IfaproposalbytheAustraliangovernmentgoesahead,theregionwillalsobecometheworld’slargestmarineprotectedarea,withrestrictionsorbansonfishing,miningandmarinefarming.TheCoralSeareservewouldcoveralmost990000squarekilometersandstretchasfaras1100kilometersfromthecoast.UnveiledrecentlybyenvironmentministerTonyBurke,theproposalwouldbethelastinaseriesofproposedmarinereservesaroundAustralia’scoast.Buttheschemeisattractingcriticismfromscientistsandconservationgroups,whoarguethatthegovernmenthasn’tgonefarenoughinprotectingtheCoralSea,orinothermarinereservesinthecoastalnetwork.HughPossingham,directoroftheCentreofExcellenceforEnvironmentalDecisionsattheUniversityofQueenslandpointsoutthatlittlemorethanhalfoftheCoralSeareserveisproposedas“notake”areainwhichallfishingwouldbebanned.Theworld’slargestexistingmarinereserveestablishedlastyearbytheBritishgovernmentintheIndianOcean,spans554000kmandisano-takezonethroughout.AnallianceofcampaigningconversationgroupsarguesthatmoreoftheCoralSeashouldreceivethislevelofprotection.“Iwouldliketohaveseenmoreprotectionforcoralreefs,”saysTerryHughes,directoroftheCentreofExcellenceforCoralReefStudiesatJamesCookUniversityinQueensland.Morethan20ofthemwouldbeoutsidetheno-takeareaandvulnerabletocatch-and-releasefishing.AsNaturewenttopress,theAustraliangovernmenthadnotrespondedtospecificcriticismsoftheplan.ButRobinBeaman,amarinegeologistatJamesCookUnivestsaysthatthereservedoes“broadlyprotecttherangeofhabitats”inthesea.“Icantestifytothehugeeffortthatgovernmentagenciesandotherorganizationshaveputintotryingtounderstandtheecologicalvaluesofthisvastarea.”hesays.ReservesproposedearlierthisyearforAustralia’ssouthwesternandnorthwesterncoastalregionshavealsobeencriticizedforfailingtogivehabitatsadequateprotection.InAugust,173marinescientistssignedanopenlettertothegovernmentsayingtheywere“greatlyconcerned”thattheproposalsforthesouthwesternregionhadnotbeenbasedonthecorescienceprinciplesofreserves—theprotectedregionswerenot,forinstance,representativeofallthehabitatsintheregion,theysaid.Criticssaythatthesouthwesternreserveoffersthegreatestprotectiontotheoffshoreareaswherecommercialopportunitiesarefewestandwherethereislittlethreattotheenvironment,acontention(爭論)alsolevelledattheCoralSeaplan.8.WhatdoestheAustraliangovernmentplantodoaccordingtoTonyBurke?A.MakeanewproposaltoprotecttheCoralsea.B.Reviseitsconservationplanowingtocriticisms.C.Upgradetheestablishedreservestoprotectmarinelife.D.Completetheseriesofmarinereservesarounditscoast.9.WhatdoesmarinegeologistRobinBeamansayabouttheCoralSeaplan?A.ItcancomparewiththeBritishgovernment’seffortintheIndianOcean.B.Itwillresultintheestablishmentoftheworld’slargestmarinereserve.C.Itwillensurethesustainabilityofthefishingindustryaroundthecoast.D.Itisatremendousjointefforttoprotecttherangeofmarinehabitats.10.WhatdocriticsthinkoftheCoralSeaplan?A.Itwilldomoreharmthangoodtotheenvironment.B.ItwilladverselyaffectAustraliasfishingindustry.C.Itwillprotectregionsthatactuallyrequirelittleprotection.D.Itwillwinlittlesupportfromenvironmentalorganizations.4Whenit'sfiveo'clock,peopleleavetheiroffice.Thelengthoftheworkday,formanyworkers,isdefinedbytime.Theyleavewhentheclocktellsthemthey'redone.Thesedays,thetimeiseverywhere,notjustonclocksorwatches,butoncell-phonesandcomputers.Thatmaybeabadthing,particularlyatwork.Newresearchshowsthatclock-based.workscheduleshinder(阻礙)moraleandcreativity.Clock-timersorganizetheirdaybyblocksofminutesandhours.Forexample:ameetingfrom9a.m.to10a.m.,researchfrom10a.m.tonoon,etc.Ontheotherhand,task-timershavealistofthingstheywanttoaccomplish.Theyworkdownthelist,eachtaskstartswhentheprevioustaskiscompleted.Itissaidthatallofusemployamixofboththesetypesofplanning.What,then,aretheeffectsofthinkingabouttimeinthesedifferentways?Doesonemakeusmoreproductive?Betteratthetasksathand?Happier?InexperimentsconductedbyTamarAvnetandAnne-LaureSellier,theyhadparticipantsorganizedifferentactivities-fromprojectplanning,holiday.shopping,toyoga-bytimeorto-dolisttomeasurehowtheyperformedunder"clocktime"vs"tasktime".Theyfoundclocktimerstobemoreefficientbutlesshappybecausetheyfeltlittlecontrolovertheirlives.Tasktimersarehappierandmorecreative,butlessproductive.Theytendtoenjoythemomentwhensomethinggoodishappening,andseizeopportunitiesthatcomeup.Theresearchersarguethattask-basedorganizingtendstobeundervaluedandunder-supportedinthebusinessculture.Smartcompanies,theybelieve,willtrytobakemoretask-basedplanningintotheirstrategies.Thismightbeasmallchangetothewayweviewworkandtheoffice,buttheresearchersarguethatitchallengesawidespreadcharacteristicoftheeconomy:workorganizedbyclocktime.Whilemostpeoplewillstillprobablyneed,andbe,tosomeextent,clock-timers,task-basedtimingshouldbeusedwhenperformingajobthatrequiresmorecreativity.It'llmakethosetaskseasier,andthetask-doerswillbehappier.11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftimedisplayedeverywhere?A.Itmakeseverybodytime-conscious.B.Itisaconvenienceforworkandlife.C.Itmayhaveanegativeeffectoncreativework.D.Itclearlyindicatesthefastpaceofmodemlife.12.Howdopeopleusuallygoabouttheirworkaccordingtotheauthor?A.Theycombineclock-basedandtask-basedplanning.B.Theygiveprioritytothemosturgenttaskonhand.C.Theysetatimelimitforeachspecifictask.D.Theyaccomplishtheirtasksonebyone.13.WhatdidTamarAvnetandAnne-LaureSellierfindintheirexperimentsaboutclocktimers?A.Theyseizeopportunitiesastheycomeup.B.Theyalwaysgettheirworkdoneintime.C.Theyhavemorecontrolovertheirlives.D.Theytendtobemoreproductive.14.Whatdotheresearcherssayabouttoday'sbusinessculture?A.Itdoesnotsupportthestrategiesadoptedbysmartcompanies.B.Itdoesnotattachenoughimportancetotask-basedpractice.C.Itplacesmoreemphasisonworkefficiencythanonworkers'lives.D.Itaimstobringemployees'potentialandcreativityintofullplay.15.Whatdotheresearcherssuggest?A.Performingcreativejobstendstomakeworkershappier.B.Itisimportanttokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife.C.Task-basedtimingispreferredfordoingcreativework.D.Ascientificstandardshouldbeadoptedinjobevaluation.5JessicaReindahlhadbigdreamsgrowingupasanonlychildinamilitaryfamily-shewantedtofly,servehercountryand,finally,helppeople.“IwantedtoflybecauseIjustlovedtheexcitementtogetoff-deckandintheair,”Reindahlsays.“IwantedtoservemycountrybecauseIwantedtobeapartofsomethingbiggerthanallofus.”Reindahl’sfirsttwodreamscametrueduringanine-yearserviceintheU.S.Navy.Reindahlworkedasaflightengineeronnavalaircraftsince2007.“Ikepttheplanereadytoflybothonthegroundandintheair,”Reindahlsays.WhileintheMiddleEast,ReindahlmetanursewhoflewintheNavy.“Isawhowdevotedandpresenttheywerewiththecareoftheirpatientsanditcompletelyinspiredme,”Reindahlsays.“Fromthatday,IknewIwantedtobeanurse.”Whensheleftactivedutyin2016,ReindahlappliedtoUW-EauClaireforanursingdegree.Andherfinalgoalwillbeachievedthismonthwhenshegraduates.“Iwanttogiveback,”Reindahlsays.“Ilovelearningaboutscience,andifthatcansavealife,ormaketheworldbetter,thenIwanttohelp.”Dr.MeganLagunas,assistantprofessoroftheCollegeofNursingandHealthSciences,regardsReindahlassomeonewhowillbeanassettothenursingprofession.“Jessica’sdifferentbackground”allowshertobringherownperspective(視角)tonursingschoolwhichpositivelychallengeseveryoneinthoselearningenvironmentstothinkbeyondtheirownviewpoint,”Lagunassays.“Thenursingprofessionisluckytohaveher.”16.WhydidJessicaReindahlwanttofly?A.Becauseshelikedthefeelingofflying. B.Becauseshewantedtoservehercountry.C.Becauseshedecidedtofollowherfather. D.Becauseshemeanttogivebacktoothers.17.WhatinspiredReindahltobeanurse?A.Herdifferentbackground. B.Herexperiencewithanurse.C.Herdevotiontohercountry. D.Herprofessor’sencouragement.18.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anasset”inParagraph7referto?A.Aluckyperson. B.Alearnedperson. C.Avaluableperson. D.Apowerfulperson.19.WhatcanwelearnfromReindahl’sstory?A.Likefather,likeson. B.Rosesgiven,fragranceinhand.C.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves. D.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.6AlleyeswereonJackMa.ThechairmanofAlibabaGroupHoldingLtdsteppeddownonTeachers’Dayfromleadingthee-commercegianthefounded20yearsago.“Istillhavelotsofdreamstogoafter,”Mawroteinanopenletterlastyeartoannouncehisparting.“Theworldisbig,andIamstillyoung,soIwanttotrynewthings.”The55-year-oldbusinessmanshowedthathewasreadyfornewthingsbyarrivingathisfarewellpartydresseduplikearockstar.Infact,hisrags-to-richesstoryisagoodexampleofdoingsomethingdifferent.VisitingtheUnitedStatesin1995,Masawtheinternetandhadtheideaofsettinguphisowntradingwebsite.In1999,hefoundedAlibabawithagroupoffriendsinasharedapartment,strugglingforyearstogetitofftheground.Withallthechallenges,thecompanyslowlybroughte-commercetoChina.AlthoughhissuccesshasinspiredanumberofChinesetechbusinessmen,Mapointedoutthatthekeyishavingadream.“It’sthedreamsthatkeepusneverafraidofsetbacks,”MasaidinavideopostedonSept9.Nowtheexperiencedbusinessmanislookingtofocusoneducation.Whatcanheoffer?“I’mnotgonnateachEnglish;I’mnotgonnateachbusiness.ButI’mgonnateachyoungpeoplehowtofacechallenges,”hetoldBloombergNews.Skilledsailorswerenevermadeoncalmwaters.AsMasaid,“Todayiscruel.Tomorrowiscrueler.Butthedayaftertomorrowisbeautiful.”20.WhydidJackMaattractalltheattentiononTeachers’Dayin2019？A.HeledtheAlibabaGrouptocelebratetheTeachers’Day.B.HewouldbecometheformerchairmanofAlibabaGroupHoldingLtd.C.HeandagroupoffriendsfoundedAlibabaGroup20yearsago.D.Hegaveaspecialshowdresseduplikearockstar.21.WhatwillJackMadoafterhispartingfromAlibaba？A.HewillbeanEnglishteacher.B.Hewillbearockstar.C.Hewillcontinuetobeabusinessman.D.Hewilltrysomethingnewrelatedtoeducation.22.WhichstatementaboutJackMaisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage？A.Ma’ssuccessliesinpursuinghisdreamandmakinggreateffort.B.JackMawasworriedaboutthefutureofeducationinChina.C.JackMaalwayswantstochallengehimselfinnewfields.D.JackMawouldliketoencourageyoungpeopletoovercomedifficulties.7Cheatingcanhappeninalotofdifferentways.Whenpeoplecheat,it’snotfairtootherpeople,likethekidswhostudiedforthetestorwhothetruewinnersofagamewere.Manypeopleliketheactionofcheating.Itmakesdifficultthingsseemeasy,likegettingallthe