新高考適用2023版高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第1部分閱讀能力突破篇專題1閱讀理解第4講主旨大意題

第一部分專題一第4講A(2022·山東省泰安市高三一模)Imaginethatonedayyouliveinahighlyimmersive(身臨其境)virtualworld.Youcangotoavirtualconcert,takeatriponline,vieworcreateartworksandtryonorbuydigitalclothing.AmidapandemiclikeCOVID-19,insteadofseeingteachersandclassmatesonavideocallscreen,youcouldjointheminavirtualclassroom.Thismayhelpyouunderstandtheconcept,metaverse.Thetermmetaversereferstoasharedvirtual3DworldinwhichpeoplecanaccessviatheInternet.Currently,mostvirtualspaceslookmoreliketheinsideofavideogamethanreallife.However,metaverse?smadethedigitalspacesmorerealisticbytheuseofvirtualreality(VR)oraugmentedreality(AR,增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí)).MetaversewasfirstusedinNealStephenson?snovelSnowCrashin1992.ThenovelisaboutHiro,apizzadeliverymanbydayandaVRsuperherobynightwholivesinanonlineuniversecalledTheMetaverse.“Heisinacomputer-generateduniversethathiscomputerisdrawingontohisglassesandpullingintohisearphones，”thenovelsaysofthecitythateveryonepopsintoinVR.Theidearingsinmanyotherworks,forexample,inReadyPlayerOnedirectedbyStevenSpielberg.Inrecentyears,metaversehasbecomethelatestpopularwordtocapturethetechindustry?simaginationsomuchthatoneofthebest-knownInternetplatformsisrenamedtoembracethefuturisticidea—FacebookCEOMarkZuckerbergrecentlyannouncedthathechangedhiscompany?snametoMeta.Techcompaniesarealsodedicatedtoexploringmetaverse-relatedproducts.Facebookhaslaunchedmeetingsoftwareforcompanies,calledHorizonWorkrooms,tousewithVRheadsets.Theheadsetscost$300ormore,puttingthemetaverse?smostcutting-edge(尖端的)experiencesoutofreachformany.Foruserswhocanaffordit,theycanenterthevirtualworldscreatedbydifferentcompanies.FansofmetaverseseeitasthenextstageinthedevelopmentoftheInternet.So,doyouexpectthecomingofmetaverse?1．Whatcanbeinferredaboutmetaverse？________A．Itisavideogamelikereallife.B．Itisaparalleluniverseimaginedbyscientists.C．Itgivesusareallifeinavirtualworld.D．Itcanprotectyourselffromapandemic.2．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout？________A．ThefictionSnowCrash.B．Theoriginofmetaverse.C．AVRsuperhero.D．ThefilmReadyPlayerOne.3．WhydidFacebookCEOuseMetaashiscompany?sname？________A.Metaversehasbecomemorepopular.B．Helivesinavirtualworldeveryday.C．Facebookisthebest-knownInternetplatform.D．Hehasacceptedtheideaofmetaverse.4．WhatcanweknowfromthetextaboutVRheadsets？________A．Theyareverycheapformostofus.B．Theiruserscanexperienceavirtualworld.C．HorizonWorkroomdon?tneedthematall.D．TheywillbringusintothefinalstageoftheInternet.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了什么是虛擬空間(metaverse)、其產(chǎn)生的由來及運(yùn)用。1．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AmidapandemiclikeCOVID-19,insteadofseeingteachersandclassmatesonavideocallscreen,youcouldjointheminavirtualclassroom.Thismayhelpyouunderstandtheconcept,metaverse.(在像COVID-19這樣的大流行中，你可以在虛擬教室中與他們一起，而不是在視頻通話屏幕上看到老師和同學(xué)。這可能會(huì)幫助你理解“虛擬空間”這個(gè)概念。)”可知，虛擬空間能與視頻通話一樣，同樣保護(hù)自己免受流行病的侵害。故選D。2．B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“MetaversewasfirstusedinNealStephenson?snovelSnowCrashin1992.(虛擬空間在1992年NealStephenson的小說《雪災(zāi)》中首次使用。)”及本段內(nèi)容可知，第三段描述了虛擬空間的起源。故選B。3．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Inrecentyears,metaversehasbecomethelatestpopularwordtocapturethetechindustry?simaginationsomuchthatoneofthebest-knownInternetplatformsisrenamedtoembracethefuturisticidea—FacebookCEOMarkZuckerbergrecentlyannouncedthathechangedhiscompany?snametoMeta.(近年來，虛擬空間已經(jīng)成為吸引科技行業(yè)想象力的最新流行詞匯，以至于最知名的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)之一被重新命名——Facebook首席執(zhí)行官馬克·扎克伯格最近宣布，他將公司的名字改為Meta——以接受未來主義的想法。)”可知，F(xiàn)acebook首席執(zhí)行官使用Meta作為其公司名字是因?yàn)樗邮芰颂摂M空間以接受未來主義的想法。故選D。4．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theheadsetscost$300ormore,puttingthemetaverse?smostcutting-edge(尖端的)experiencesoutofreachformany.Foruserswhocanaffordit,theycanenterthevirtualworldscreatedbydifferentcompanies.(這款耳機(jī)的價(jià)格為300美元或更多，讓很多人無法獲得超時(shí)空最先進(jìn)的體驗(yàn)。對(duì)于有錢的用戶來說，他們可以進(jìn)入由不同公司創(chuàng)建的虛擬世界。)”可知，VR耳機(jī)用戶可以體驗(yàn)虛擬世界。故選B。B(2022·遼寧省縣級(jí)重點(diǎn)高中協(xié)作體高三4月二模)Insomeways,learningtoprogrammeacomputerissimilartolearninganewlanguage.Itrequireslearningnewsymbolsandterms,whichmustbeorganizedcorrectlytoinstructthecomputerwhattodo.Thecomputercodemustalsobeclearenoughthatotherprogrammerscanreadandunderstandit.Inspiteofthosesimilarities,MITneuroscientists(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家)havefoundthatreadingcomputercodedoesn?tactivatetheregionsofthebrainthatareinvolvedinlanguageprocessing.Instead,itactivatesadistributednetworkcalledthemultipledemandnetwork,whichisalsorelatedtocomplextaskssuchassolvingmathsproblemsorcrosswordpuzzles.Althoughreadingcomputercodeactivatesthemultipledemandnetwork,itappearstorelymoreondifferentpartsofthenetworkthanmathsorlogicproblemsdo.“Understandingcomputercodeseemstobeitsownthing.Itisn?tthesameaslanguage,anditisn?tthesameasmathsandlogic，”saysAnnaIvanova,anMITgraduatestudentandtheleadauthorofthestudy.EvelinaFedorenkoistheseniorauthorofthepaper,whichappearstodayineLife.Amajorfocusofherresearchistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandothercognitive(認(rèn)知)functions.Inparticular,shehasbeenstudyingthequestionofwhetherotherfunctionsrelyonthebrain?slanguagenetwork,whichincludesBroca?sareaandotherregionsinthelefthemisphere(半球)ofthebrain.Inpreviouswork,herlabhasshownthatmusicandmathsdon?tappeartoactivatethislanguagenetwork.Therearetwoschoolsofthoughtregardinghowthebrainlearnstocode,shesays.Oneholdsthatinordertobegoodatprogramming,youmustbegoodatmaths.Theothersuggeststhatbecauseoftheparallelsbetweencodingandlanguage,languageskillsmightbemorerelevant.Toclarifythisissue,theresearcherssetouttostudywhetherbrainactivitypatternswhilereadingcomputercodewouldoverlap(重疊)withlanguage-relatedbrainactivity.5．What?sParagraph1mainlyabout？________A．Thecomputermustbeinstructedwhattodo.B．Programmingrequiresnewsymbolsandterms.C．Thecomputercodemustbeclearandunderstandable.D．Therearesimilaritiesbetweenprogrammingandlanguagelearning.6．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3mean？________A．Readingcomputercodeisdifferentfromothercognitivetasks.B．Learninglanguagesisdifferentfromlearningmathsorlogic.C．Language,mathsandlogicarerelativelyeasiertolearn.D．Readingcomputercodeismorechallenging.7．Whatmighttheresearchersdonext？________A.Setuptwoschoolstostudyhowthebrainlearnstocode.B．Researchdeeperintotheparallelsbetweencodingandlanguage.C．Figureouttherelationshipbetweenprogrammingandlearningmaths.D．Compareactivitypatternsofreadingcodewiththoseoflearninglanguage.8．Whatfieldcantheresearchfindingsbeappliedto？________A．Health. B．Commerce.C．Education. D．Medicine.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要談?wù)摿穗娔X編程和語言學(xué)習(xí)之間的異同，以及語言學(xué)習(xí)所涉及的大腦思維過程。5．D主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Insomeways,learningtoprogrammeacomputerissimilartolearninganewlanguage.Itrequireslearningnewsymbolsandterms,whichmustbeorganizedcorrectlytoinstructthecomputerwhattodo.Thecomputercodemustalsobeclearenoughthatotherprogrammerscanreadandunderstandit.(在某些方面，學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)編程類似于學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言。它需要學(xué)習(xí)新的符號(hào)和術(shù)語，這些符號(hào)和術(shù)語必須正確地組織起來，以指導(dǎo)計(jì)算機(jī)做什么。計(jì)算機(jī)代碼也必須足夠清晰，以便其他程序員能夠閱讀和理解。)”可知，第一段主要是談?wù)撾娔X編程和語言學(xué)習(xí)之間的相似性。故選D。6．A詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段該畫線部分句子后面的“?Itisn?tthesameaslanguage,anditisn?tthesameasmathsandlogic，?saysAnnaIvanova,anMITgraduatestudentandtheleadauthorofthestudy.(“它與語言不同，也與數(shù)學(xué)和邏輯不同，”麻省理工學(xué)院研究生、該研究的主要作者安娜·伊萬諾娃說。)”可知，讀計(jì)算機(jī)編碼是有別于其他認(rèn)知性任務(wù)的。故選A。7．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Toclarifythisissue,theresearcherssetouttostudywhetherbrainactivitypatternswhilereadingcomputercodewouldoverlap(重疊)withlanguage-relatedbrainactivity.(為了澄清這個(gè)問題，研究人員開始研究閱讀計(jì)算機(jī)代碼時(shí)的大腦活動(dòng)模式是否會(huì)與語言相關(guān)的大腦活動(dòng)重疊。)”可知，下一步研究人員將會(huì)把讀計(jì)算機(jī)編碼的活動(dòng)模式和語言學(xué)習(xí)的活動(dòng)模式放在一起進(jìn)行比較。故選D。8．C推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要談?wù)摿穗娔X編程和語言學(xué)習(xí)之間的異同，以及語言學(xué)習(xí)所涉及的大腦思維過程。跟電腦編程和語言學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)的發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)然適用于教育領(lǐng)域。故選C。C(2022·重慶市名校聯(lián)盟高三下學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)合考試)ItwasthisverymorningthatGarroneletusknowwhatheislike.Themasterhadnotyetarrived,andthreeorfourboyswerebullyingCrossi,theonewiththeredhairwhohasadeadarmandwhosemothersellsvegetables.Theywerehittinghiminthefacewithchestnutshells.Andhe,aloneontheendofthebench,becamequitepale,beggingthattheyleavehiminpeace.Allatonce,Frantispranguponabench.Pretendingthathewascarryingabasketoneacharm,heapedthemotherofCrossiwhensheusedtocometowaitforhersonatdoor.ManybegantolaughloudlyandCrossiwastremblingandturningredwithanger.SuddenlyCrossiseizedaninkstandandthrewitattheother?sheadwithallhisstrength,butFrantimovedaside,andtheinkstandstruckthemasterwhoenteredatthemoment,fullinthebreast.Allflewtotheirplacesandbecamesilentwithterror.Themaster,quitepale,wenttohistable,andsaidinacontrolledvoice：“Whodidit？”Noonereplied.Themastercriedoutoncemore,raisinghisvoicestilllouder,“Whoisit？”ThenGarrone,movedtopityforpoorCrossi,rosesharplyandsaidresolutely,“ItwasI．”Themasterlookedathim,lookedattheconfusedscholars,thensaidinacalmvoice,“Itwasnotyou.”Andafteramoment.“Theculpritshallnotbepunished.Lethimrise！”Crossiroseandsaid,weeping“Theywerestrikingmeandinsultingme,andIlostmyheadandthrewit.”“Sitdown，”saidthemaster.“Letthosewhoprovokedhimrise.”Fourroseandhungtheirheads.“You，”saidthemaster,“haveinsultedanunfortunatecompanion;youhavestruckaweakpersonwhocouldnotdefendhimself.Youhavecommittedoneofthemostshamefulacts！”ThenhewentovertoGarroneandlookedathimstraightintheeye,andsaidtohim,“Youareanoblesoul.”Garroneprofitedbytheoccasiontomurmursomewords,Iknownotwhat,intheearofthemaster;andhe,turningtowardsthefourboys,saidabruptly,“Iforgiveyou.”9．WhatfinallyprovokedCrossitothrowaninkstand？________A．FrantimadefunofCrossi?smotherwalkingwithadeadarm.B．FrantiimitatedthewayCrossi?smothercarriedherbasket.C．TheboyshitCrossiinthefacehardwithchestnutshells.D．TheboyspulledCrossiuponabenchandlaughedathimloudly.10．Theunderlinedword“culprit”probablymeans________.A．a(chǎn)dvocate B．leaderC．captain D．offender11．ThemasterpraisedGarroneasanoblesoulbecause________.A．hedaredtospeakhismindB．heforgavethefourbulliesC．hetooktheblameforCrossiD．hebroughtbadguystojustice12．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage？________A．AGenerousDeedB．ADomesticIncidentC．MakingtheRightChoiceD．ToBelieveorNottoBelieve【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Franti因?yàn)槟７翪rossi媽媽提籃子的樣子激怒了Crossi，Crossi朝他扔了一個(gè)墨水瓶，卻打到了老師身上。Garrone因?yàn)橥镃rossi主動(dòng)站出來承認(rèn)，而被老師稱為高尚的人。9．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Pretendingthathewascarryingabasketoneacharm,heapedthemotherofCrossiwhensheusedtocometowaitforhersonatdoor.ManybegantolaughloudlyandCrossiwastremblingandturningredwithanger.(他假裝每只胳膊上都挎著一個(gè)籃子，模仿Crossi的母親到門口等兒子的樣子。許多人開始大聲笑起來，Crossi氣得渾身發(fā)抖，臉都紅了。)”以及第四段“SuddenlyCrossiseizedaninkstandandthrewitattheother?sheadwithallhisstrength,butFrantimovedaside,andtheinkstandstruckthemasterwhoenteredatthemoment,fullinthebreast.(突然，Crossi抓起一個(gè)墨水瓶，用盡全身力氣朝另一個(gè)人的頭扔去，但Franti躲開了，墨水瓶正好打在這時(shí)進(jìn)來的老師的胸膛上。)”可知Franti模仿Crossi媽媽提籃子的樣子最終促使Crossi扔了一個(gè)墨水瓶。故選B。10．D詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第五段“Crossiroseandsaid,weeping?Theywerestrikingmeandinsultingme,andIlostmyheadandthrewit.?(Crossi站起來，哭著說：“他們打我，侮辱我，我失去了理智，把它扔了出去?！?”可知，Crossi站了起來，承認(rèn)是自己扔的瓶子，可見老師是說讓犯事的人主動(dòng)站出來承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，不會(huì)受到懲罰。故畫線詞意思是“冒犯者”。故選D。11．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第八段“ThenGarrone,movedtopityforpoorCrossi,rosesharplyandsaidresolutely，?ItwasI．?(然后，Garrone對(duì)可憐的Crossi產(chǎn)生了憐憫之情，他突然站起來，堅(jiān)定地說：“是我。”)”可知，老師稱贊Garrone是一個(gè)高尚的人，因?yàn)樗麨镃rossi承擔(dān)了責(zé)任。故選C。12．A標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要講述了Franti因?yàn)槟７翪rossi媽媽提籃子的樣子激怒了Crossi，Crossi朝他扔了一個(gè)墨水瓶，卻打到了老師身上。Garrone因?yàn)橥镃rossi主動(dòng)站出來承認(rèn)，而被老師稱為高尚的人?？芍?，A選項(xiàng)“一次慷慨的行為”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。D(2022·廣東省梅州市高三一模)AresearchteamledbyChunshuiYuandMulinJunLiofTianjinMedicalUniversityhasdiscoveredtwonewgenespotentiallyinvolvedinAlzheimer?sdisease.Theyidentifiedthembyexploringwhichgeneswereturnedonandoffinthehippocampusofpeoplewhosufferedfromthedisease.Theteam?snewfindingsarepublishedonFebruary25thinPLOSGenetics.Alzheimer?sdiseaseisatypeofbraindisorderthatcausesproblemswithmemory,thinkingandbehavior.Thisisagraduallyprogressivecondition.Thehippocampus,partofthebraininvolvedinmemory,isoneofthefirstregionstosustaindamage.Tobetterunderstandwhichgenescontributetotheprogressionofthisheritabledisease,theresearchersidentifiedgenesexpressedathigherorlowerlevelsinthehippocampusofpeoplewithAlzheimer?sdiseasecomparedtohealthybrains.Theyidentified24Alzheimer?s-relatedgenesthatappeartohaveaneffectthroughthehippocampus,usingpreviousgenomicandhippocampusgeneexpressiondata.Manygeneswerealreadyknowntocontributetothedisease,suchasAPOE,buttwowereunknown,PTPN9andPCDHA4.Additionally,severalareinvolvedinbiologicalprocessrelatedtoAlzheimer?sdisease,suchascelldeath.Theresearchteamfurthervalidatedtheirfindingsbycomparinggeneexpressionforthetwodozengenestoimagesoftheindividuals?brains.InAlzheimer?sdisease,damageandlossofneuronscausesthehippocampustodecrease,whichcanbemeasuredthroughmedicalimaging.TheresearchersestablishedthatexpressionoftwoofthegenesisrelatedtothesizeofthehippocampusofAlzheimer?sdisease.Overall,thenewfindingsimproveourunderstandingofthegeneticandcellularmechanismsthatcauseAlzheimer?sdisease.Thenextstepwillbetoinvestigatetherolesofthetwonovelgenesandhowtheycontributetothisharmfuldisease.13．HowdidtheresearchteamfindthetwogenesrelatedtoAlzheimer?sdisease？________A．Byclosingthehippocampusofpeople.B．Byexploringtheswitchstateofthegenes.C．Byturningonandoffthegenesofthepatient.D．Bydiscoveringgenesinthehippocampusofpeople.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“validated”meaninParagraph3？________A．Reported. B．Conducted.C．Confirmed. D．Exposed.15．WhatcanweinferaboutthesizeofthehippocampusinAlzheimer?sdisease？________A．Itcomesinasmallersize.B．Thereisnowaytomeasureitssize.C．Itresultsindamageandlossofneurons.D．IthelpstoidentifyAlzheimer?sdisease.16．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage？________A．ItisvitaltocontinuethestudyofAlzheimer?sdisease.B．ThecauseofAlzheimer?sdiseasehasbeenfound.C．TheAlzheimer?sdiseasewillbecuredsoonbytheresearchteam.D．TwonovelgeneslikelylinkedtoAlzheimer?sdiseasehavebeendiscovered.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)可能與阿爾茨海默病有關(guān)的新基因，介紹了他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)基因的方式、什么是阿爾茨海默病以及這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要意義。13．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theyidentifiedthembyexploringwhi