英語中考復(fù)習(xí)-名詞課件

中考一輪復(fù)習(xí)

名詞中考一輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)的用法；掌握不可數(shù)名詞及其量的表示方法；掌握專有名詞及名詞所有格的用法。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)的用法；21.YoungcouplesliketosearchtheInternetfor(2012鎮(zhèn)江)some

(suggest)onhowtonametheirbabies.2.Theboyismorethan2metersin

(high)andheisgoodatplayingbasketball.(2012鹽城)3.The

(develop)ofsciencehaschangedourworldalot.(2012鹽城)4.Sometimesitrequirescouragetotellthe

(true).(2012無錫)5.Attheexhibition,thelittleboy’s

(invent)attractedmanyITengineers.(2012淮安)6.Thesedaysmanypeoplearetalkingaboutthe

(safe)offood.(2012南通)suggestionsheightdevelopmenttruthinvention(s)safety1.Youngcouplesliketosearc3

類別知識點能級要求識記理解應(yīng)用名詞1、可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)2、不可數(shù)名詞3、專有名詞4、名詞所有格

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√中考要求

類別知識點能級要求名詞

中考要求作主語

The

populationinChinaisverylarge.作表語

I’mnotachild

anylonger.作稱呼語

Boys,don’tmakesomuchnoise.作定語

FarmersgrowbananatreesinthesouthofChina.作賓語補足語

WecalltheboyMike.作直接賓語

Hisuncleboughthima

dictionary.作間接賓語

Hegavethe

boymuchmoney.作狀語

Iwatchedafootballmatchlastnight.作賓語

Iwashedmyclothesyesterday.名詞的句法功能作主語名詞的句法功能名詞的分類普通名詞專有名詞可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式)不可數(shù)名詞(量的表達)名詞的詞義辨析相關(guān)的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換名詞所有格名詞的分類普通名詞專有名詞可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式)不可數(shù)專有名詞a.表示人名、地名、節(jié)日名、一周七天、十二個月的專有名詞，須以大寫的字母開頭。例如：Lucy,Nanjing,WashingtonD.C.,Christmas,MayDay,Saturday,Tuesday,March,April,October…b.海洋、河流、山脈等專有名詞前加the。例如：

thePacific(Ocean),theSeineRiver,theAlps…c.由普通名詞變成的專有名詞前常加the。例如：theGreatWall,theUnitedStates…d.表示一家人的兩種方式：1.the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)2.the+姓氏+family

例如：TheGreensisabigfamily. TheBrownfamilyarehavingsuppernow.專有名詞a.表示人名、地名、節(jié)日名、一周七天、十二個月的專

a.規(guī)則變化：

1）______________如：map---mapsfield--fields

2）__________________如：virus---viruses，box---boxes盒子dish---dishes盤子，match---matches比賽

3）_______________________如:leaf---leaves葉thief---thieves賊knife-knives小刀

4）_____________________________如:party---parties黨factory---factories工廠family-families

家庭5）_____________________________________

radios

收音機,photos照片,videos錄像,zeros零,zoos動物園,kilos公斤…potato---potatoes

馬鈴薯hero---heroes

英雄

tomato—tomatoes西紅柿mango—mangoes或mangos芒果一般加-s

以s,x,sh,ch

結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變?yōu)?ves以輔音字母

+y結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加-es

以o結(jié)尾的名詞，大部分加-s,但要記住一些特殊加-es的實際上也有直接加-s的：roofs,beliefs,proofs注意：stomachs可數(shù)名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式學(xué)會自己總結(jié)！但是：以元音字母＋y結(jié)尾的，直接加-s.如:toys,days一般加-s以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esb.

不規(guī)則變化

1）變內(nèi)部元音字母。a)______________man--menwoman---womenEnglishman---Englishmenb)______________foot---feettooth---teethgoose—geese2）_______________________

如:fish----fishgoldfish---goldfishspacecraft–spacecraftsheep---sheepJapanese—JapaneseChinese---Chinese3）其他特殊變化

如mouse---mice;child---children小孩4）注意：復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，一般只要把最后一個構(gòu)成部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式即可。如agirlstudent→fivegirlstudents

但第一個名詞是man或woman時,則必須將_______________________，如amandoctor→twomendoctors男醫(yī)生awomanteacher→twowomenteachers女教師

改a為e型：改oo為ee型：形式不變(即單復(fù)數(shù)一致)前后兩個組成部分都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)注意這幾個單詞的復(fù)數(shù)：humans;Walkmans;Germans注意：boots;shoots字母、數(shù)字、引語或縮略詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在其后加-’s

或-s.There

aretwof’sintheword“office”.ManyVIPsarecomingtotheparty.注意：severalshoeshops,apairofsportsshoes,aclothesshop改a為e型：改oo為ee型：形式不變(即單復(fù)數(shù)一致)前后兩1.---Mum,todayisyourday,theWomen’sDay.Herearesome

(flower)foryou.(2010南京)---It’sverythoughtfulofyou.Thanks,Kitty.2.

Many

(butterfly)haveroundmarksontheirwingsthatlookslikeeyes.(2010無錫)3.Thebaby’sfirstfront

(牙齒)arejustcomingthrough.(2010蘇州)4.Couldyoupassthe

(knife)tome?Weneedthemtomakepumpkinlanterns.(2010常州)5.Mostofthetouristsonthecoachare

(German),onlytwoofthemare

(Japanese).6.Ourmoderntimesneedmoreandmore

(hero)forustolearnfrom.(2012江蘇泰州)flowersbutterfliesteethknivesGermansJapanese中日不變英法變，其余S加后面。heroes注意：在few,afew,several,many,oneof,anumberof后一定加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.---Mum,todayisyourday,8.--Whataretheydoingthere?--Allthe

teachersand

studentsarehavingameeting.(2012湖北黃岡)women;girlsB.women;girlC.woman;girlD.woman;girlsB7.

(節(jié)日)likeChristmasandHalloweenare

alsopopularinChinanow.(2012連云港)

Festivals8.--Whataretheydoingthere

可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞的量的表示法apieceofnewstwopiecesoffurniturealoafofbreadtwocartonsofmilkapacketofsugarthreekilosofmeatamomentoffeartwohoursofhomeworkabagofapplestwobagsofpeaches

abasketofpotatoesthreebasketsoftomatoes1.Forbreakfast,Iusuallyhave

andtwopiecesofbread.(2011杭州)acupofmilkhalfB.halfacupofmilkC.ahalfmilkcupD.halfamilkcupB可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞的量的表示法apieceofnew注意這些名詞是不可數(shù)名詞:music,

weather,knowledge,

health,

energy,traffic,advice,news,information3)Thereisalotof________(車輛)onthestreet.traffic4)Hehasplentyofk__________abouthistory,sohisstudentsadmire(羨慕)him.nowledge注意：在little(表示“少”),alittle,much

后要加不可數(shù)名詞。1)Hegavemeless________(建議)thanyoudid.advice2)Therearelittle

(rabbit)onthehill.rabbits注意：在alotof,lotsof,plentyof,some,any

后可以加不可數(shù)名詞,亦可以加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。5)Hehassomegood__________(idea)tohelpussolveproblems.ideas注意這些名詞是不可數(shù)名詞:music,weather,k類別意義例詞專有名詞表示人名、地名、機構(gòu)組織名稱等的名詞Lucy,theGreens,China,theGreatWall,theUnitedStates普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個體名詞表示個體的人或事物的名詞teacher,dictionary,chair,book,dog集體名詞表示群體的名詞family,class,police,people不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示構(gòu)成物體的物質(zhì)或材料的名詞rice,glass,water,paper,air,wood,wool抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念的名詞danger,health,knowledge,work注意1：有些名詞既有可數(shù)也有不可數(shù)的現(xiàn)象。exercise,glass,fish,orange,paper,room,work,time,experience…注意2：有些名詞常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象。noodles,glasses,trousers,clothes,chopsticks,shoes,shorts…注意3：有些名詞以s結(jié)尾，但卻不是復(fù)數(shù)。physics,maths,news,virus,theUnitedStates…注意4：復(fù)合詞中的名詞a20-meter-longpoolTheboyis18yearsold.=Heisan18-year-oldboy.注意5:有些不可數(shù)名詞和a，an連用的特殊情況。haveagoodtime

玩得開心,aheavyrain一場大雨,abigsuccess非常成功

注意幾類特殊的名詞：類別意義例詞專有名詞表示人名、地名、機構(gòu)組織名稱等的名詞Lu1.Youshouldtakemore

.Don’talwaysbeatthedeskbusydoingyour

.(2010昆山)exercise;exerciseB.exercises;exercises

C.exercises;exerciseD.exercise;exercises2.Myteacherhasgivenmelotsof

.They’reveryuseful.(2010上海長寧)informationB.adviceC.suggestionsD.news3.---It’ssaidthataforeignEnglishteacherwillteachusEnglishnextterm.----Wow!

!WecanpracticeouroralEnglishbetter.A.WhatanexcitingnewsB.HowexcitedthenewsisC.WhatexcitingnewsD.Howexcitingnews

DCC(2012揚州)1.Youshouldtakemore4.Thedoctortoldmetoeatmore

becauseit’sgoodformyhealth.(2011江西)orangeB.vegetablesC.icecream5.I’mgoingtothesupermarkettobuysome

thisafternoon.(2012陜西)paperandpencilB.applesandbananaC.milkandeggsD.bowlandspoonsBC4.Thedoctortoldmetoeatm名詞所有格名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方式可以概括為以下三類:1)’s形式的所有格

today’snewspaperTeachers’DayChildren’sDayMaryandhersister’sbedroom(兩者共有)Tom’sandMary’s

bags(兩者分別擁有)tenminutes’walk=ten-minutewalkatthedentist’s

在牙醫(yī)診所

2)of或

to

短語構(gòu)成的所有格amapofChinatheleavesofthetreethenamesofthedirectorsthekeytothedoortheentrancetothecinema

theanswertothequestion3)雙重所有格

afriendofmyfather’s=oneofmyfather’sfriendsaphotoof

mineabook

ofMary’s名詞所有格名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方式可以概括為以下三類:1.Thethemeparkisabout

ridefromthemuseum.Youshouldstartoutrightnow.(2011無錫)twohourB.twohour’sC.twohours’D.two-hours2.I’vegotatoothache,soIneedtogotothe

(dentist).3.---It’sverygoodthatthegirls’surveyhasbeenhandedin.Howaboutthe

(boy)?(2012年鎮(zhèn)江)visitors’Cdentist’sboys’4.Theguidehascollectedallthe

(visit)IDcards.(2010常州)1.Thethemeparkisabout詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1)加后綴ness

如：sickness;happiness;business2)加后綴ment如：advertisement;development;achievement

3)加后綴ion如：pollution;education;operation;communication;discussion;expression;

decide;4)加后綴ance如：appearance;performance;

enter;5)

加后綴ing如：building;skiing;shopping;jogging;beginning6)

變末尾t為ce如：confidence;importance;difference

7)以y結(jié)尾如：beauty;difficulty8)結(jié)尾加th

如：warmth;growth;length;strength;

truedecisionentrancetruth詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1)加后綴nesstruedecisionen注意②：有些名詞的形式不止一種！

要根據(jù)句意選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拿~形式！如：performer/performance;science/scientist;thief/theft;director/direction;business/businessman;cook/cooker;

friend/friendship;murder/murderer

;end/ending…9)加后綴er或or如：singer;writer;foreigner;teenager;ruler;printer…注意雙寫：swimmer;winner;runner;shopper；

注意以or結(jié)尾的：inventor;visitor;actor;director1.ZhangZiyiisoneofthemostfamous

(演員)intheworld.actresses2.Someofhis

(invent)areveryuseful.inventions注意①：有性別區(qū)別的名詞actor/actress;waiter/waitress;salesman/saleswoman3.Atthe

oftheday,wewatchedafilm.Ithasahappy

.(結(jié)尾)endending注意②：有些名詞的形式不止一種！如：performer/10)特殊的變化如：動詞變名詞：lose;affect;fly;choose;bleed;breathe;die;marry;arrive;serve;complain;think

如：形容詞變名詞：proud;wise;safe;medical;weigh;high;pleased;

losseffectflightchoicebloodbreathdeathmarriage

arrivalservicecomplaintthoughtwisdomsafetymedicineweightheightpleasure1.Wewon’twinthematchwithoutyour

(support).support11)一詞有多種詞性

:wonder,trouble,cause,sleep,work,calm,smile,laugh,iron,hope,help,wish,support,book,order,copy…pride10)特殊的變化losseffectflightchoiWhetherwrittenorpurelymental,the17isthesame.promiseB.profileC.programD.process2012年南京市中考二、完形填空---Wishyouapleasantjourney.(2012揚州)---Thanks!I’llgiveyoua

assoonasIarriveinParis.ringB.handC.rideD.present2.---Mr.LiwassenttoteachChineseinanAmericanhighschoollastyear.---Yes,Iknow.Hetoldmehewouldneverforgethispleasant

whileworkingthere.(2012鎮(zhèn)江)A.experimentsB.expressionsC.experiencesD.explorationsACWhetherwrittenorpurelymen3.一Mrs.Black，couldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtowriteanapplicationletter?

一Withpleasure．Rememberthatthelettershouldbewrittenintheformal_____．（2011南京）

A.valueB.styleC.effectD.mood4.Thetwocitieshavereachedan

todevelopscienceandtechnology.（2011鹽城）

A．educationB．excitementC．a(chǎn)greementD．inventionBC注意：平時記住單詞的詞義，做題時再通過理解句意，判斷選擇答案！3.一Mrs.Black，couldyougivem注意名詞的詞義辨析family強調(diào)家庭成員；home指人們生活居住的地方，強調(diào)居住的范圍和環(huán)境；house強調(diào)“住宅”。voice強調(diào)“嗓音”；noise指不悅耳不和諧的嘈雜聲；sound強調(diào)自然界的物理聲音。problem與“困難”相聯(lián)系，可以指社會或教學(xué)問題這些問題是有待解決的，與之搭配的動詞是workout和solve等；question總是與“疑問、質(zhì)問、詢問”相聯(lián)系，這種問題是有待回答的，常與動詞ask,answer等連用。Themusicmademethinkofthe

ofarunningstream.(2008安徽)shoutB.noiseC.voiceD.soundD注意名詞的詞義辨析family強調(diào)家庭成員；home指人們生man男人或人類（表人類時，不加任何冠詞）Onlymancansavetheearth.people人們=personsThesquareisfilledwith

people.person

一個人如:Heisanimpatientperson.journey可數(shù)名詞，有目的的陸上長途旅行。ThejourneywilltakehimtoJapan,ChinaandAustralia.travel

不可數(shù)名詞，指各種旅行。Theyhadeightdays’travelbycar.trip可數(shù)名詞，指(某一趟)旅行。Itookatrip

toEnglandlastyear.tour根據(jù)一定路線，事先預(yù)定地點，目的多為觀光視察等。Willyoutellusaboutthetour

ofSouthAmerica?cause原因,起因Theyrefusedtocommentonthecause

ofthecrash.reason理由Shegavenoreasonsforherdecision.excuse借口,辯解Idon’twanttolistentoyourexcuse.man男人或人類（表人類時，不加任何冠詞）journey可注意：容易拼錯的名詞1)stationery(文具);dictionary(字典);laboratory(實驗室)2)experience(經(jīng)驗；經(jīng)歷);experiment(實驗)3)sugar(糖);dollar(美元);guitar(吉他)4)

difference(不同點);difficulty(困難)5)March(三月);match(比賽；火柴；相配)6)

sweet(糖果);sweat(汗)7)

model(模型;模特);medal(獎牌);metal(金屬)8)

chicken(雞肉;小雞);kitchen(廚房)9)parent(父母);present(禮物);president(總統(tǒng))10)monkey(猴子);money(錢)11)award(獎勵;獎品);reward(酬金;賞金)12)

progress(進步);problem(問題);program(節(jié)目;程序)13)

prize(獎品);price(價格)14)pocket(口袋);packet(小包)15)letter(信);litter(垃圾)16)effect(影響);effort(努力)17)diary(日記)18)vacation(假期)19)soldier(士兵)

注意：容易拼錯的名詞1)stationery(文具);1)Nowmanypeopleusecellphonesinsteadof

(隨身聽)tolistentomusic.2)Therearetwo

(美國人)drinkingcoffeeinthebar.3)Manypeoplein

(西方國家)likeCoke.4)Theyusuallyhaveaholidayin

(香港).5)I’dliketolearntoswimevery

(周六).6)Manyyoungpeopleliketohaveagreattimeat

(圣誕節(jié)).7)Ireallyhopetojoin

(學(xué)生會).8)

(婦女節(jié))ison

.(三月八日)

theStudents’

UnionAmericanstheWestHongKongSaturdayChristmasWalkmansWomen’sDayMarch8th根據(jù)所給中文完成句子。1)Nowmanypeopleusecellph272013中考名詞試題1.MrWhite,theprincipal,hasmadeagreat_____tothegrowthoftheschool.A.contributionB.progressC.inventionD.protection2.IamsureCindywillbeabletofindthehotel-shehasaprettygood_______ofdirection.

A.ideaB.feelingC.experienceD.sense3.Thankyouforyour______.IknowalotaboutOxfamTrailwalkernow.A.attentionB.operationC.inventionD.information2013中考名詞試題1.MrWhite,theprin4.----It’sawise_____towearthewhitetie.Itmatchesyourshirtwell.----Thankyouverymuch.A.choiceB.supportC.mixtureD.honour5.----Doyouhaveany______?----Yes,Ilikechessanddramabest.A.jobsB.dutiesC.hobbiesD.problems6.IfIamwantedinthetelephone,askhimtoleavea_____.A.messageB.letterC.diaryD.sentence7.----Shallwego_____onSunday?Ilovewatersports.----That’sagoodidea.A.hikingB.swimmingC.cyclingD.skating

4.----It’sawise_____towe8.----Iwillbuyyouanewbikeifyoulearnhowtoswimthissummer.----Isthata_____?I’msureI’llgetthebike.A.chanceB.promiseC.trickD.treat1.Whereareyougoingtoputyour_____(自行車)?It’ssocrowdedhere.2.Whata_____(雜亂)youhavemade!You’dbetterclearitupbeforeMumgetshome.3.Wefeltstrangeabouthis____(silent)atthepartyasheusedtobeveryoutgoing.4.Amylookssmartwithapairof_____(glass)onhernose.bicycle(s)messsilenceglasses8.----Iwillbuyyouanewbi5.Theaudiencecanenjoyyoung_____(direct)filmsfromdifferentcou