四級英語模擬考試題

/PartIWriting<30minutes>Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionwiththetitleONFriendship.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120words.Remembertowriteyourcompositionneatly.Youshouldalsobaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow.1.Theneedforfriends2.Truefriendship3.MyprincipleinmakingfriendsPartIIListeningComprehension<25minutes>SectionADirection:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports,Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA>,B>,C>andD>.ThenmarkthecorresbondingletteronAnswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意:此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。Question1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.A>ThehighestpriceofgoldonAsianmarkets.B>ThehighestpriceofgoldonAfricanmarkets.C>ThelowestpriceofgoldonAsianmarkets.D>ThelowestpriceofgoldonAfricanmarkets.A>Whenthepricefelltoitslowestlevel.B>Whengoldpricesreachedinvestors’settargets.C>Whenlotsofphysicalgoldwasconsumed.D>Whentheyareinthefuturesmarket.Question3and4willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.A>Birdsandbatsmayflyintotheturningblades.B>Birdsandbatscan’tstandhighwindspeed.C>Windturbinescanproduceelectricity.D>Windturbinescanreleasepoisonousgas.A>Itismadeofiron.B>Itismadeofsteel.C>Itismadeofplastic.D>Itismadeofpaperboard.Question5to7willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.A>Thehotconditions.B>Thecoldconditions.C>Thewetconditions.D>Thedryconditions.A>Pollutionwillbemoreseriousinpopularbeaches.B>Waterqualitymayreachthelowestleavel.C>Peoplemaybecomeinfectedwithdiseases.D>Awarningsystemwillbeextremelyurgent.A>Lessthan18hours.B>18to24hours.C>Morethan24hours.D>Morethan48hours.SectionBDirection:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA>,B>,C>andD>.ThenmarkthecorresbondingletteronAnswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意:此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。ConversationOneQuestion8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A>Shehasn’tseensnow.B>Shedoesn'tliketoski.C>Sheisafraidofskiing.D>Shelivesveryfarawayfromtheskifield.A>Actlikeacat.B>Goupstepbystep.C>Standinthemiddle.D>Goupasquicklyaspossible.A>Crossthetips.B>Stopleaningforward.C>Pointthetipstogether.D>Movetoagentleplace.A>Pleasedbutafraid.B>Happybutnervous.C>Pleasedandproud.D>Excitingandsatisfied.ConversationTwoQuestion12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A>Sheishonestandhardworking.B>Sheisverycompetentforthejob.C>Shelikesherjobverymuch.D>Sheishardworkingbutnotcompetent.A>Designingaterrificweb.B>Designingabasicweb.C>BuidingaterrificBBS.D>Designingaterrificprogram.A>Shelearnedtheskillsatafamousuniversity.B>Shelearnedtheskillsbyherself.C>Shedidn’tdowellatschool.D>Shereceivedsomeprofessionaltraining.A>Letherleaveimmediately.B>Getanexperiencedmantohelpher.C>Fireherinaweek.D>Lethergetsomeprofessionaltraining.SectionCDirection:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA>,B>,C>andD>.ThenmarkthecorresbondingletteronAnswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意:此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestion16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A>Sippingaglassofwinebeforegettingintobed.B>Drinkingacupofteaonehourbeforesleep.C>Exercisingoneoneortwohoursbeforebedtime.D>Takingahotshowerhalfanhourbeforebedtime.A>Listentosomequietmusic.B>Getoutofbedtillbeingsleepyagain.C>Trytorelaxourmind.D>Readsomeinterestingarticles.A>Approachestogetabetternight’ssleep.B>Theharmoflackofsleep.C>Effectsofmoderntechnologyonsleep.D>Benefitsofagoodsleep.PassageTwoQuestion19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A>Herteacherfoundthatshehadgreatskill.B>Shedidn'thavetroubleatschoolanymore.C>Shecouldfollowalltherulesfromthenon.D>Shefoundshecouldexpressherselfwithpainting.A>Shedepositeditinthebank.B>Shegaveittothesickchildren.C>Shecontributedittocharitableorganization.D>Shegaveitouttothosewhoneededit.A>Hecompletedhisbiggestcharityprojectunitnow.B>HegetamessagefromObamaandlawmakers.C>HeaskedforhelpforthosehomelesschildreninAmerica.D>Hemanagedtoraisetensofthousanddollars.A>Heenjoyedcommunityserviceworkeversincehewasverylittle.B>Windturbinescanproduceeletricity.C>Birdsandbatscan’tstandhighwindspeed.D>Windturbinescanreleasepoisonousgas.PassageThreeQuestion23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A>Itdoesn’tworkasexpected.B>Itcandohramtochildren.C>Itfindoutseriousinjuries.D>Itcanprovidedetailedimageofthebrian.A>Manychildrensuffergreatlyfrombraininjury.B>Manychildrenarethreatenedbylungcancer.C>Childrensuffermorefrombraininjurythanfromcancer.D>Childrenhaveahighriskofdevelopingcancer.A>Whenachildagedtwohasnobrokenboneintheskull.B>Whenachildagedtenloseconsciousness.C>Whenachildagedonehasnoseriousheadache.D>Whenachildagednienhasnormalmentalactivity.PartIIIReadingComprehension〔40minutesSectionAInfamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachild'slanguagedevelopmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.Researchers2692familiesfrom11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,interviewingeachtoestablishincome,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.Overall,itwasagroupofwell-educatedmiddle-classfamilies,withmarriedparentsbothlivinginthehome.Whenthechildrenwere2,researchersvideotapedthemathomeinfree-playsessionswithbothparents,27alloftheirspeech.ThestudywillappearintheNovemberissueofTheJournalofAppliedDevelopmentofPsychology.Thescientistsmeasuredthe28numberofutterances<話語>oftheparents,thenumberofdiffe-rentwordstheyused,thecomplexityoftheirsentencesandother29oftheirspeech.Onaverage,fathersspokelessthanmothersdid,buttheydidnotdifferinthelengthofutterancesorproportionofquestionsasked.Finally,theresearchers30thechildren'sspeechatage3,usingastandardizedlanguagetest.Theonlypredictorsofhighscoresonthetestwerethemother'slevelofeducation,the31ofchildcareandthenumberofdifferentwordsthefatherused.Theresearchersare32whythefather'sspeech,andnotthemother's,hadaneffect."It'swell33thatthemother'slanguagedoeshaveanimpact,"saidNadyaPancsofar,theleadauthorofthestudy.Itcouldbethatthehigh-functioningmothersinthestudyhad34hadastronginfluenceontheirchildren'sspeechdevelopment,Ms.Pancsofarsaid,"oritmaybethatmothersare35inawaywedidn'tmeasureinthestudy."A>alreadyB>analyzedC>aspectsD>charactersE>contributingF>describingG>establishedH>qualityI>quotedJ>recordingK>recruitedL>totalM>unconsciousN>unsureO>yetSectionBDefinitionsofObesityA>Howdoesonedefinewhenapersonisconsideredtobeobeseandnotjustsomewhatoverweight?Height-weighttablesgivean

approximateguidelineastowhetheroneissimplyoverweightorhaspassedintotheobesestage.B>TheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendsusinga

formulathattakesintoaccountaperson'sheightandweight.The"BodyMassIndex"<BMI>iscalculatedbydividingtheperson'sweightinkilogramsbythesquareoftheirheightinmeters,andisthusgiveninunitsofkg/m2.ABMIof18.5-24.9isconsideredtobethehealthiest.ABMIofbetween25and29.9isconsideredtobeoverweight,whileaBMIofover30isconsideredtobeobese.C>However,itisrecognizedthatthisdefinitionislimitedasitdoesnottakeintoaccountsuchvariablesasage,genderandethnicorigin,thelatterbeingimportantasdifferentethnicgroupshaveverydifferentfatdistributions.Anothershortcomingisthatitisnotapplicabletocertainverymuscularpeoplesuchasathletesandbodybuilders,whocanalsohaveartificiallyhighBMIs.AgenciessuchastheNationalCholesterolEducationProgram<NCEP>intheUSAandtheInternationalDiabetesFoundation<IDF>arestartingtodefineobesityinadultssimplyintermsof

waistcircumference.HealthEffectsofObesityD>Over2000yearsago,the

GreekphysicianHippocrateswrotethat"personswhoarenaturallyveryfatareapttodieearlierthanthosewhoareslender".Thisobservationremainsverytruetoday.Obesityhasamajorimpactonaperson'sphysical,socialandemotionalwell-being.Itincreasestheriskofdevelopingdiabetesmellitustype2<"matureonsetdiabetes">andalsomakesType2diabetesmoredifficulttocontrol.Thusweightlossimprovesthelevelsofbloodglucoseandbloodfats,andreducesbloodpressure.Theassociationbetweenobesityandcoronaryheartdiseaseisalsowell-known.CancerE>Furthermore,in2001medicalresearchersestablishedalinkbetweenbeingoverweightandcertainformsofcancer,andestimatedthatnearly10,000Britonsperyeardevelopcancerasaresultofbeingoverweight.Thisfigurewasmadeupof5,893womenand3,220men,withthestrongestassociationsbeingwithbreastandcoloncancers.However,itisthoughtthatbeingoverweightmayalsoincreasetheriskofcancerinthereproductiveorgansforwomenandintheprostateglandformen.F>Thelinkbetweenbreastcancerandnutritionalstatusisthoughttobeduetothe

steroidhormonesoestrogenandprogesterone,whichareproducedbytheovaries,andgovernawoman'smenstrualcycle.Researchershavefoundthatthemoreawomaneats,orthemoresedentaryherlifestyle,thehigheraretheconcentrationsofprogesterone.Thislinkcouldexplainwhywomenfromlessaffluentcountrieshavelowerratesofbreastcancer.Womenfromlessaffluentnationstendtoeatlessfoodandtoleadlifestyleswhichinvolvemoredailymovement.Thislowerstheirprogesteronelevel,resultinginlower

predispositiontobreastcancer.G>TheTimesnewspaper,in2002reportedthatobesitywasthemainavoidablecauseofcanceramongnon-smokersintheWesternworld!AgingH>ResearchpublishedbyStThomas'Hospital,London,UKin2005showedacorrelationbetweenbodyfatandaging,totheextentthatbeingobeseadded8.8yearstoawoman'sbiologicalage.Theeffectwasexacerbatedbysmoking,andanon-overweightwomanwhosmokes20cigarettesadayfor20yearsadded7.4yearstotheirbiologicalage.Thecombinationofbeingobeseandasmokeraddedatleasttenyearstoawoman’sbiologicalage,andalthoughthestudyonlyinvolvedwomen,theleadresearcherProfessorTimSpectorbelievesthefindingwouldalsoapplytomen.I>Theagingeffectwasdeterminedbymeasuringthelengthoftelomeres,tiny"caps"ontheendsofchromosomes,whichhelpprotecttheDNAfromtheageingprocess.Indeed,telomereshavebeendubbedthe"chromosomalclock"because,asanorganismages,theybecomeprogressivelyshorter,andcanbeusedtodeterminetheageoftheorganism.Beyondacertainpoint,thetelomerebecomessoshortthatitisnolongerabletopreventtheDNAofthechromosomefromfallingapart.Itisbelievedthatexcessbodyfat,andthechemicalspresentintobaccosmokereleasefreeradicalswhichtriggerinflammation.Inflammationcausestheproductionofwhitebloodcellswhichincreasestherateoferosionoftelomeres.DementiaJ>Recentresearch<2005>conductedintheUSAshowsthatobesityinmiddleageislinkedtoanincreasedriskof

dementia,withobesepeopleintheir40sbeing74%morelikelytodevelopdementiacomparedtothoseofnormalweight.Forthosewhoaremerelyoverweight,thelifetimeriskofdementiariskwas35%higher.K>ScientistsfromtheAgingResearchCentreattheKarolinskaInstituteinSwedenhavebeenabletotakeinformationsuchasage,numberofyearsineducation,gender,bodymassindex,bloodpressurelevel,physicalactivityandgeneticfactors,assigningeachariskscore.Theythenusedthisinformationtodeviseapredictivetestfordementia.Thistestwillenablepeopleatrisk,forthefirsttime,tobeabletoaffectlifestylechangeswhichwillreducetheirriskofcontractingdementia.OtherProblemsL>Theworld-wideupsurgeinobesity,particularlyinchildren,isofmajoreconomicconcern,liabletodraineconomies.OffurtherconcernisthatresearchconductedinAustraliaandpublishedin2006,showsthatuptoonethirdofbreechpregnancieswereundetectedbythetraditional"palpation"examination,thedangerbeing

greatestforthosewomenwhoareoverweightorobese—agrowingproportionofmothers.Thismeansthatsuchwomenarenotgettingthetreatmentrequiredtoturnthebabyaroundintimeforthebirth,andinmanycasesrequireanemergencyCaesareansection.M>Thisisatruehealth-carecrisis,farbiggerthanSevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome<SARS>andultimately,evenbiggerthanAIDS.36.Youcanjudgewhetheroneissimplyoverweightorhaspassedintotheobesestageaccordingtotheheight-weighttable.37.Usingthe"BodyMassIndex"todefineaperson'sweightidealislimited,

becauseitdoesnottakesintoaccountmanyvariablessuchasage,genderandethnicorigin.38.Aperson'semotionalwell-beingwouldbeaffectedbyobesity.39.Obesityhassomethingtodowithcancerintheprostateglandforman.40.Womenfromlessaffluentnationstendtohavemuchlessbreastcancer.41.Anon-overweightwomanwhosmokes20cigarettesadayfor20yearsadded7.4yearstoherbiologicalage.42.Theexcessbodyfat,likethechemicalspresentintobaccosmoke,canleadtoinflammation.43.Obesepeopleinmiddleagerunanincreasedriskofdementia.44.Thepredictivetestfordementiawillhelppeopletoaffectlifestylechangesthatwillreducetheirriskofcontractingdementia.45.Theworld-wideupsurgeinobesity,particularlyinchildren,willpossiblydraineconomies.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection。Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements。ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.B.CandD。YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre。PassageoneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage。Someradiosingalswereheardin1967.Theywerecomingfromapointintheskywheretherewasunknownstar.Theywerecomingveryregularly,too:aboutonceasecond,iftheywerecontrolledbyclock.Thescientistswhoheardthesignalsdidnottellanybodyelse.Theywereratherafraidtotellincasetheyfrightenedpeople.Thesignalswerecomingfromaverysmallbody—nobigger,perhapsthantheearth.Wasthatwhynolightcouldbeseenfromit?Orwerethesignalscomingfromaplanetthatbelongedtosomeotherstar?Therewasnoendtothequestions,butthescientistskeptthenewssecret."Perhapsthereareintelligentbeingsoutthere."theythought,"whoaretryingtosendmessagestootherplanets,ortous?Sothenewswasnotgiventothenewspaper.Instead,thescientistsstudiedthesignalsandsearchedforotherslikethem...Well,allthathappenedin1967and1968.Sincethenscientistshavelearntmoreaboutthosestrange,regular,radiosignals.Andtheyhavetoldthestory,ofcourse.Thesignalsdonotcomefromaplanet;theycomefromanewkindofstarcalleda"pulsar"".Aboutahundredotherpulsarshavenowbeenfound,andmostofthemareverylikethefirstone.Pulsarsarestrongradiostars.Theyarethesmallestbuttheheavieststarsweknowatpresent.Ahandfulofpulsarwouldweighafewthousandtons.Theirlight—iftheygivemuchlight—istoosmallforustosee.Butwecanbesureofthis,nointelligentbeingsarelivingonthem.46.Theradiosignalsdiscussedinthispassage____.47.Theradiosingalsweresentby____.C.askybodywhichwasunknownatthattimeD.intelligentbeingswhowereunknownatthattime48.Thescientistsdidnottellpeopleaboutthesignalsbecause____.A.thesingalsstoodforsecretmessagesB.peoplewouldaskthemtoomanyquestionsC.theydidnotwanttofrightenpeopleD.theystoodforunimportantmessages49.Apulsaris____.A.asmallheavystarwhichsendsoutstrongradiosignalsandcannotbeseenB.asmallheavyplanetwhichsendsoutstrongradiosignalsandcannotbeseenC.asmallheavysatellitewhichsendsoutstrongradiosignalsandcannotbeseenD.asmallintelligentbeingwhosendsoutstrongradiosignalsandcannotbeseen50.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Oneofthepulsarsfoundbyscientistssendsradiosignals.B.Pulsarbegantosendradiosingalsin1967.C.Scientistshavesearchedforpulsarsformanyyearsbutfoundnone.D.Scientistshavefoundmanypulsarssince1967.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage。Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.[ZZ>]ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-stylewithoutanyexcuse.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetoh