Unit 3 Review useful structures 課件-2023-2024學年高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊

Book7Unit3SeaExplorationPeriod3Review

usefulstructuresTheinfinitive謂語和非謂語動詞謂語動詞非謂語動詞連系動詞amisarewasweresoundseemgetturn實義動詞/行為動詞(vt./vi)runsinglearnsaywrite助動詞dodoesdidhavehaswill情態(tài)動詞canmaymustneeddare不定式todo現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing

過去分詞V-ed什么時候用非謂語呢？一個句子當中，已經存在一個句子（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下，還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。IdidmyhomeworkandlearnedspeakingEnglish.Ihavenothingtosayonthisquestion.LearningObjectivesBytheendoftheclass,youwillbeabletol.summarizethefunctionsandformsofinfinitives;

2.useinfinitivesproperlyincontext;

3.furtherunderstandtherelationshipbetweenhuman

beingsandmarinecreatures.Readthepartofontheexercisebook(onP60-63),andthendrawyourmindmapbyyourself.動詞不定式的基本形式基本形式主動形式被動形式時間特征一般式todotobedone不定式的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生進行式tobedoing/不定式的動作與句中謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞的動作之前完成進行式tohavebeendoing/表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前且一直持續(xù)到謂語動作發(fā)生時，仍在進行判斷謂語動作與不定式動作發(fā)生的先后1.Iplantoattendthemeetingtomorrow.

我打算參加明天舉行的會議。2.Theyaresaidtobestudyingpsychology.

據說他們正研究心理學。3.I’mverysorry

tohavekeptyousittingarounddoingnothing.

讓你一直無所事事閑坐著我很抱歉。4.Noharmseems

tohavebeendone.

似乎并沒有什么危害發(fā)生。(done發(fā)生在seems之前，且harm與do之間是被動關系)(attend的動作在plan之后發(fā)生)(aresaid與study同時發(fā)生)(keep發(fā)生在besorry之前)動詞不定式可以充當什么成分？5.作定語（attribute)

2.作表語(predicative)6.作狀語(adverbial)動詞不定式

4.作賓補、主補(object/subjectcomplement)

1.作主語（subject)

3.作賓語（object)動詞不定式作主語主語是句子的主體，是句子所要說明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是誰或什么。Toseeistobelieve.百聞不如一見。Toerrishuman.人非圣賢，孰能無過。Totalkwithhimisapleasure.和他談論是一件樂事。①為了避免頭重腳輕，通常都將作主語的不定式置于句子后面，用it作形式主語，放在句首，后面的不定式才是真正的主語。It’simportanttolearnEnglish.學英語很重要。②Itis+adj.+forsb./sth.todosth.（for，強調事情本身的性質）Itis+adj.+ofsb./sth.todosth.（of，強調人的品質）

對某人來說做某事是...樣的

Itisnecessaryforyoutopasstheexam.對你來說通過考試是非常必要的。Itiskindofyoutohelpme.你能幫我真的太好了。1.Itispossible

__

_____(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.towalk2.Itisveryinteresting

（for/of)ustoplayinthesnowinwinter.for動詞不定式作表語表語與前面的系動詞一起構成復合謂語(系表結構)，用來說明主語的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份等。一是用于seem,appear,prove,turnout等連系動詞之后的不定式（尤其是tobe)；二是主語與表語“等同”的情形，此時主語與表語可互換，例如Myjobistosweepthefloor=Tosweepthefloorismyjob；三是表示想法、約定、義務、命令、可能性、命運。way,aim,duty,hope,dream,ambition,idea,intention,purpose,plan,proposal,job,suggestion,task等抽象名詞后面。1.Ourplanistomakebetteruseofthesematerials.

我們的計劃是好好利用這些材料。2.Herwishistobeateacher.

她的愿望是當一名老師。3.Heseemstobeill.

他看起來好像生病了。判斷屬于不定式作表語的第幾種情況。第三種第三種第一種動詞不定式作賓語賓語是動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞的后面。1.常接不定式而不接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞及短語有：“決心學會想希望”：decide/determine,learn,want,hope,wish“設法假裝在拒絕”：manage,pretend,

refuse“主動答應選計劃”：offer,promise,choose,plan“同意請求幫一幫”：agree,ask/beg,help1.Idecidetobuyacar.

2.Ihopetohavemyownpet.2、有一些動詞后既可以加todo形式作賓語，也可以加v-ing作賓語，但意義不同。meantodosth.meandoingsth.打算做某事

意味著做某事goontodosth.goondoingsth.

繼續(xù)做另一件事

繼續(xù)做同一件事動詞不定式作賓補/主補補足語是用來補充說明賓語或主語的性質、狀態(tài)等的一種句子成分。補充說明主語意義的句子成分叫作主語補足語；補充說明賓語意義的句子成分叫作賓語補足語。ask,tell,invite,get,advise,allow,want,permit,warn,order,encourage,prefer,expect,force,wish,beg等表示命令、教導、要求、意向、允許、警告等意義的動詞后可接動詞不定式作賓語補足語.1.Myteacherencouragedmetostudyabroad.我的老師鼓勵我出國留學。(我是賓語，但是老師鼓勵我做什么呢？后面用不定式來進一步補充說明）2.Hisparentsdon’tallowhimtogooutatnight.他父母不允許他晚上出去。3.

HewarnedTomtokeepawayfromhisdaughter.他警告Tom離他女兒遠點。動詞不定式作定語定語是用來描述名詞的品質與特征的修飾語，它常和名詞構成名詞短語。①序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或theonly/thefirst/thenext等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞后，常用不定式作定語Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他總是最后一個離開辦公室。②抽象名詞time、way、reason、chance、opportunity、ability、promise、attempt等后常用不定式作定語。Hemadeapromisetocomehereontimetomorrow.他許諾明天按時來這。1.Doyouhaveanyclothestowash?本身是washclothes，構成動賓關系2.Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?原來是clothesaretobewashed.構成的是邏輯主語上的主謂關系。③

不定式要放在所修飾的詞后面，不定式與它所修飾的名詞之間構成邏輯上的主謂或者動賓關系，不定式作定語可表示將來。1.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.

補全介詞about，worry是不及物動詞，后面要接名詞應該是worryaboutsth.(固定搭配）

2.Givemeapentowrite

with.write是及物動詞，但用筆寫字需要借助介詞，這里并不是固定搭配。④如果不定式后面的從此為不及物動詞，要在后面加上相應的介詞（看固定搭配）動詞不定式作狀語狀語是用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子的一種成分1.作目的狀語一般放在后部，表示強調，也可位于句首;其前可加inorderto和soasto,但soasto不能放在句首Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.為了趕上第一班公交車，他早早就起床了。Icameheretosaygoodbyetoyou.我來這是為了向你告別。2.作原因狀語常跟在表示喜、怒、哀、樂等感情的形容詞之后。We’requitegladtomeetyouhere.我們很高興在這見到你。Iamsorrytohearthatyourgrandmaisill.聽說你奶奶生病了，我感到很難過。3.作結果狀語作結果狀語時往往表示意想不到的或是不愉快的結果。其前有時加上only，表出乎意料的結果。Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.他到了車站，卻被告知火車已經開走了。疑問詞+動詞不定式動詞不定式與疑問詞who,

which,

when,

where,

how,

what等連用，在句中起名詞的作用，可充當主語、表語、賓語等。Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主語)如何解決這一問題很重要。Hedidn’tknowwhattoask.(賓語)他不知道該問些什么。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表語)我的問題是何時開始。不定式省略to的情況一發(fā)現(xiàn)一感覺：find,

feel二聽：listento,

hear三讓：make,

have,let五看：see,

watch,

observe,

lookat,

noticeIoftenhearhimsingthesong.我經常聽見他唱那首歌。Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.他經常被人聽見唱那首歌。Readthesentencescontaininginfinitivesinthereadingpassage(onP26-27).Thenmarktheirfunctions.AAsthesubject[S]

BAsthepredicative[P]CAstheobject[O]

DAstheobjectcomplement[OC]EAstheattributive[Attr]

FAstheadverbial[Ad]1.Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworld

wasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilisations.2.MarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorers

tosearchforsearoutes

fromwesttoeast.3.Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals,whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother’scultures.4.Thesefleetswereasighttobeholdandwereinaleagueoftheirownatthattime.5.Toreachoutacross

thesearemainsastrongdesiretoday.A-SD-OCF-AdE-AttrA-S6.TheaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas,andstrengthenthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.7.Tradinghasgrowngreatlyinrecentyears,andwillcontinuetodosoinyearstocome.8.Chinahasinvestedbillionsinsystemsandservicesalongtheseroutes,whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.9.Hundredsofyearson,andwiththelatesttechnologyinhand,theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.B-PC-OC-OE-AttrPracticeⅠ.單句語法填空1.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.(2020·全國Ⅰ)2.Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy_________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.(2020·全國Ⅱ)3.Butsomestudentsdidn’twant__________(wear)theuniform.(2019·浙江)4.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle______________(hear).5.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans___________(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.(2019·全國Ⅱ)tofindtocaretoweartobeheardtoretire6.Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive___________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.(2019·全國Ⅰ)7.___________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.8.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity______________(cheer)bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.

9.HarrisonFordisthoughttobeoneofthefewmoviestars__________________(work)asacarpenterbefore.

10.Theboypretended______________(read)whenhisteachercameintotheclassroom.

toperformToenjoytobecheeredtohaveworkedtobereadingToliveis1.________(learn).IloveChinaandI’mhappy2.________(see)Chinadevelopingsofast.3.__________(study)Chinesewell,Idecided4.________(go)toChinalastyear,only5.________(find)livinginChinaismoresecure.Gunsareforbidden6.___________(hold)bypeople,makinggunshotcasesrarelyseen.Comparedtomanyothercountries,itissafer7.________(walk)inthestreetatnightinChinaastherearemonitorsalmosteverywhereandthepolicearealwaysthefirst8._________(show)uptoprotectyou.Iadviseyou9.________(visit)thegreatcountry10._______(feel)itscharmoneday.Ⅱ.在空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式。tolearntoseeTostudytogotofindtobeheldtowalktoshowtovisittofeelⅢ.翻譯句子。1．我不懂法語，于是她主動給我翻譯。________________________________________________________________2．目前，一個潛在的危機好像已經避免了。________________________________________________________________3．父母到家的時候，他假裝在睡覺。________________________________________________________________4．我發(fā)現(xiàn)和她很容易相處。(it作形式賓語)________________________________________________________________5．除了惹他生氣外，這沒產生任何效果。________________________________________________________________Ithadnoeffectexcept/buttomakehimangry.Idon’tspeakFrenchsosheofferedtotranslateforme.Atpresent,apotentialcrisisappearstohavebeenavoided.Hepretendedtobesleepingwhenhisparentsarrivedhome.Ifinditisquiteeasytogetalongwithher.Ⅳ.完成句子1.海濱日出真是個奇景。Thesunriseattheseasidewasquite__________________.

2.責任和信任是健康成長的基礎。Responsibilityandtrust______________________forhealthygrowth.

3.斐迪南·麥哲倫是環(huán)球航海第一人。FerdinandMagellanisthefirstto_________________aroundtheworld.

4.他穿過了迷宮一樣的走廊。He________________throughthecomplexmazeofcorridors.

5.除了幾處語法錯誤之外，你這篇作文寫得不錯。______________afewgrammaticalmistakes,thiscompositionofyoursiswellwritten.

asighttobeholdformthefoundationExceptforfoundhiswaymakeavoyageThankyouFaroutintheocean,wherethewaterisasclearasglass,livestheSeaKing,Theocean

istoodeep___________(measure).Wemayimaginethereisnothingexceptyellowsand

underthesea,butactuallyitisnotrare

_______(see)themostuniqueflowersand

plants

__________(dance)inthefast-movingwater.InthedeepestspotofallstandstheSeaKing’scastle,whichhaswallsofcoralandaroof

_________(form)ofbeautifulshells.Themotheroftheking,awisewomanwhoisproud

_____________(be)bornintotheroyalfamily,takescareofhissixdaughters.Amongthesixsea-princesses,theyoungestis

theprettiest.P29Task3ReadthebeginningofTheLittleMermaidandusetheproperformsofthe

verbsinbracketstofillintheblanks.Whatdoyouthinkhappensnext?tomeasuretoseedancingformedtohavebeenAlthoughshehasdelicateskinlikearose-leafandeyesasblueasthe

deepestsea,shehasnofeetbutafishtailjustlikehersisters.Themostcommonwayfortheprincesses

________(play)alldaylongis

_________________(swim)inthehallsofthecastleoramongtheflowersgrowing

outofthewalls,feedingandtouching

thefish

____________(swim)uptotheir

handsthroughthewindows.Theyseem

_________________(notworry)aboutanything,exceptfortheyoungest,who..P29Task3ReadthebeginningofTheLittleMermaidandusetheproperformsofthe

verbsinbracketstofillintheblanks.Whatdoyouthinkhappensnext?toplaytoswim/swimmingswimmingnottoworry...whowantstoseewhatlifeislikeonland.Sheswimsalltheway

tothesurfaceandseesalargeship.

Ittravelstowardheratgreat

speedandterrifiesher.Sheswimsbelowthesurfaceofthewater

andjustmanagestoswimawayfromthebigship.Shenowrelises

thatitisascaryworldoursideoftheocean,andshedecidestostaywithherfamilyandfriendsunderthesea.Activity:Useinthecontextofaparagraph1.Whatdidtheyoungestattempttodo?2.Whatmighthappentoherifshemetabiologyscientistor

Jiaolong?

Pleaseuseyourimaginationandwriteacreativeendingusing

infinitivesifnecessary.Haveyoueverscenaseal?Ithasaroundbellywithathickskin

________(keep)itself

warm.Itsbigeyesseem

______(be)thoseofaninnocentchild,whenyoulookintoits

eyes,youmayfeelcloscly

__________(connect)toit.Actually,peopleinancienttimesdidbelievesealsandhumanbeings

____________(be)the

same.Aslegendhasit,anoldcouplebytheseaonceheardababy

________(cry).They

hurriedtothewater,only

_______(find)ababysealthere.Theytookitbackhome,fed

it,andraiseditastheirson.Gradually,thebabysealgrewup,

_________(look)justlikea

humanbeing.Completethepassagebelowwiththeproperformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Whatdoyouthinkhappenedtotheson?tokeeptobeconnectedtobe/werecryingtofindlookingTheoldcoupleallowedhim

_______(go)anywhereexceptnearthesea.Thesonlovedhisparentssomuchthathepromised

_____________(nots