大學(xué)英語1-期末+期中考試試卷

千里之行，始于足下讓知識帶有溫度。第第2頁/共2頁精品文檔推薦大學(xué)英語1-期末+期中考試試卷2022-2022期末考試

PartIIReadingComprehension

PassageOne

Itwouldbedifficulttohavesocietylikeourswithoutpublicgoodssuchasdefense,transportation,andotherservices.

Apublicgoodisonethatapersoncanusewithoutreducingtheuseofitforanotherperson.Oneofthebestexamplesofapublicgoodisnationaldefense.Onepersoncanbenefitfromournationaldefensewithoutreducinganotherperson’sbenefits.Infact,itisdifficulttokeepanypersoninoursocietyfromenjoyingthebenefitsofnationaldefense.Themarketsystemdoesnotworkwellinproducingpublicgoods.Thisisbecauseapersonwhorefusestopayforapublicgoodcannotbekeptfromusingit.Supposethattheneighborsinahighcrimeareadecidetohireapoliceforce.Eachneighbor,exceptMrs.Smith,agreestopay$100ayearforit.MrsSmithrefusestopaybecausesheknowsthatifalltheotherspaythe$100,thepolicewillguardtheareaanyway.SoMrs.Smithcanenjoytheservicesofthepoliceforcewithoutpaying$100.

Themarketsystemhasnowaytodealwiththistypeofproblem.Forthisreason,wecannotaskeachpersontomakeadirectpaymentintheformofproductprice.Therefore,wecollectmoneyforpublicgoodbyusingtaxes.

1.Accordingtothepassage,publicgoodsare___________.

A.Servicesenjoyedbyallpeople

B.whatwecanbuyandsellinpublic

CproductsthatwemakefornationaldefenseD.taxespaidbythepeopleinvolved

2.ThewritergivestheexampleofnationaldefenseinParagraph2inordertoshowthat_____.

A.therewillbenosafetyifthereisnonationaldefense

B.allthepeopleshouldberesponsiblefornationaldefense

C.apublicgoodisasharedbenefitforthewholesociety

D.somepublicgoodsaremoreimportantthanothers

3.Thepersonwhodoesnotpayforpublicgood_______.

A.keepshimselffromusingitsbenefit

B.cannotenjoyitsbenefitsanytime

CfailstokeepitsbenefitfrombeingusedD.enjoysitsbenefitallthesame

4.Inthethirdparagraphtheauthorexplains______.

A.whatrolethemarketsystemplaysinproducingpublicgoods

B.howweakthemarketsystemplaysinproducingpublicgoods

C.whysomepeoplerefusetopayforthepublicgoods

D.whatwecandotomakeuseofthemarketsystem

5.Fromthepassagewelearnthatthepurposeofcollectingtaxesis_________.

A.Toensurethecontinuoussupplyofpublicgoods

B.Toreducethedifferencebetweentherichandthepoor

C.Togetextramoneytosupportpublicgoods.

D.Toremindpeopleoftheirduty

PassageTwo

TherearemanyshopsisSingaporewherecustomersstillbargain,althoughpricesareclearlyshownonthegoods.Thereisnothingoutoftheordinaryinhaggling;someshopkeepersexpectyoutoandwillbesurprisedifyouaccepttheirpricesimmediately.WeknowthatthepricesinsomestoresareabithigherthanthoseinChangeAlley,butwealsorealizethattokeepastorelikeRobinson’sisbynomeanscheap.Besides,insuchplacesweshopinair-conditoncomfort.Forallthese,wepayalittleextra.

ItisnotalwaystruetosaythatthingsinChangeAlleycostless.IonceboughtaCzechoslovakianglassbutter-dishfromRobinson’sforalittleundertwodollars.IthenwentontoChangeAlleyandjustbychancesawanarticleofthesameshape,designandsize,inoneoftheshops.Ithenaskedaboutitsprice,andwassurprisedwhenthemandemandedmorethanfourdollarsforit.“Howmuchcanyouoffer?”heshoutedatme.IofferedhimexactlythesamepriceIpaidfor

thearticleandhisreplywasshockinglyrude.Iopenedbybag,showedhimmyreceipt,staredathimandwalkedoutofhisshop.

AbuyerinEnglandexpectstofindthepriceofgoodsclearlyshown,or,tobetoldexactlywhatthepriceis.Heknowsthisisthelowestpricethatwillbeaccepted.Ifhethinksthepriceisbeyondwhathecanafford,heshrugshisshouldersandwalksaway.Hedoesnotattempttobargainwiththeshopkeeper.Evenifheshowedannoyanceorsurprise,hewouldexpecttobetothatifthepricewasunacceptable,heshouldtryelsewhere.

1.Theunderlinedwork“haggling”(line2,para.1)inthetextmostprobablymeans___.

A.Acceptingthepricesimmediately

B.fixingtherightcostforsomegoods

CarguingaboutthepriceofsomethingD.payingextraforcomfortableshopping

2.WecanlearnfromthetextthatRobinson’sisastorewhichsells_____.

A.Expensivegoods

B.air-conditioners

C.Czechoslovakiangoods

D.goodsatabargainprice

3.Thewriteraskedaboutthepriceofaglassbutter-dishinChangeAlleybecausehewantedto_____.

A.Buyitatalowerprice

B.changehisdishforsomethingelse

CfindoutiftheshopassistantispoliteD.comparethepricesofthedishintwostores

4.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestilefeelingofaBritishcustomerwhen“heshrugshisshouldersand

walksaway”(line3,para.3)?

A.Frightened

B.Worded

C.Annoyed

D.Disappointed

5.WhatwouldprobablyhappenifacustomerdoesbargainwithashopkeeperinEngland?

A.Thecustomerwouldbeadvisedtoshopinotherstores.

B.Thecustomerwouldgetthegoodsatalowerprice.

CTheywoulddiscussandthenreachanagreementD.Theywouldquarrelaboutthepriceofthegoods

PassageThree

AtthefirstsighttheplanetMarsdoesnotappearverywelcometoanykindoflife.Ithasverylittleoxygenandwater,thetemperatureatnightisbelow-500Candwindsof100milesperhourcausesevereduststorms.However,thesurfaceoftheplanetseemstoshowthatwaterflowedacrossitsometimeinthepast,anditisbelievedthatthereisenoughiceatthepolestocovertheplanetwithwaterifitmelts.AlthoughthereisnolifeontheMarsnow,somescientiststhinkthattheremayhavebeensomeformoflifelongtimeago.Atthattime,theplanethadactivevolcanoes;theatmospherewasthickerandwarmer;andtherewaswater.Infact,insomewaystheMarsmayhavebeensimilartotheEarth,wherelifeexists.

SomepeoplebelievethattheMarscouldsupportlifeinthefutureiftherightconditionswereproduced.ThefirststepwouldbetowarmtheplanetusingcertaingaseswhichtraptheSun’sheatintheplanet’satmosphere.Withwarmth,waterandcarbondioxide(二氧化碳),simpleplantscouldbegintogrow.TheseplantscouldslowlymaketheMarsmoresuitableforliving.Itisestimatedthatthewholeprocessmighttakebetween100,000and200,000years.Inthemeantime,peoplecouldbegintoliveontheplanetinspecialclosedenvironments.TheywouldprovidealotofusefulinformationaboutconditionsontheMarsandtheproblemsconnectedwithlivingthere.

期中考試閱讀理解

Passage1

WithinfifteenyearsBritainandothernationsshouldbewellonwiththebuildingofhugeindustrialcomplexesfortherecyclingofwaste.Thewordrubbishcouldloseitsmeaningbecauseeverythingwhichgoesintothedumpswouldbemadeintosomethinguseful.Eventhemostdangerousandunpleasantwastewouldprovideenergyifnothingelse.

Thelatestprojectistotakeacityaroundhalfamillioninhabitantsanddiscoverexactlywhatrawmaterialsgointoitandwhatgoout.Theaimistofindouthowmuchoftheserawmaterialscouldbeprovidedifaplantforrecyclingwastewerebuiltjustoutsidethecity.Thisplantwouldrecyclenotonlymetalssuchassteel,leadandcopper,butalsopaperand

rubberaswell.

Anothernewprojectisbeingsetuptodiscoverthebestwayofsortingandseparatingtherubbish.Whenthisprojectiscomplete,therubbishwillbeprocessedlikethis:twillpassthroughsharpmetalbarswhichwilltearopentheplasticbagsinwhichrubbishisusuallypacked;thenitwillpassthroughapowerfulfantoseparatethelightestelementsfromtheheavysolids;afterthatgroundersandrollerswillbreakupeverythingthatcanbebroken.Finally,therubbishwillpassundermagnets,whichwillremovethebitsofironandsteel;therubberandplasticwillthenbesortedoutinthefinalstage.

Thefirstfull-scalegiantrecyclingplantsare,perhaps,fifteenyearsaway.Indeed,withthegrowingcostoftransportingrubbishtomoredistantdumps,somebigcitieswillbeforcedtobuildtheirownrecyclingplantsbeforelong.

1.Thelastprojectmentionedinparagraph2ismeanttofindout______

A.Whatusefulmaterialsarebeingwasted

B.howmuchoftherubbishcanbereused

CHowtorecyclepaperandrubberaswellD.whatkindofmetalaplantcanprovide

2.WhatisNOTmentionedasapartoftherecyclingprocessdescribedinpara.3?

A.Breakingwhatisbreakable

B.separatinglightelementsfromheavyones

CsortingoutsmallpiecesofmetalD.Sharpeningmetalbars

3.What’sthemainreasonforbigcitiestobuildtheirownrecyclingplants?

A.Todealwithwasteinabetterway

B.toprotecttheenvironmentfrompollution

CtogetcheaprawmaterialsD.Tomakebigprofitsfromthoseplants

4.Thefirst-scalebitrecyclingplants______.

A.Havebeeninoperationforfifteenyears

B.wereunderconstructionfifteenyearago

CwillprobablybeinoperationwithinfifteenyearsD.willtakelessthanfifteenyearstobuild

5.Thepassageismainlyabout________.

A.Acheapmethodtogetenergy

B.thelocationofrecyclingplants

CagoodwayofrecyclingwasteD.theprotectionofcityenvironment

Passage3

Therearemanywaysofdefiningsuccess.Itisaccuratetosaythateachofushasourownconceptofsuccesstotheextentthateachofusisresponsibleforsettingourowngoalsanddeterminingwhetherwehavemetthesegoalssatisfactorily.Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.

Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess.Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature,andwhoisrespectedbecausehedoesagoodjobofachievingthegoalsexpectedofandacceptedbyhimandhissociety.Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess.Becausenotallventurescanbesuccessful,butifonehasself-confidenceitwouldbeunfortunatetosetone’sgoalsattoolowalevelofachievement.

Awisecounseloroncesaidtoayoungmanwhowasexperiencingfrustrationwithhisownprofessionalsuccess:“Youdonnothavetosetyourgoaltoreachthemooninordertohavesuccessintraveling.Sometimesonecanbeverysuccessfulm