基于行波型超聲馬達的超聲波振動減摩試驗研究

基于行波型超聲馬達的超聲波振動減摩試驗研究Abstract

Ultrasonicvibrationtechnologyhasbeenwidelyusedinvariousfieldsduetoitsexcellentperformanceinreducingfrictionandwear.Inthispaper,wepresentastudyontheuseofatravelingwavetypeultrasonicmotorforultrasonicvibrationtoreducefrictioninatribologicalsystem.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatultrasonicvibrationcaneffectivelyreducethefrictioncoefficientandimprovethewearresistanceofthesystem.

Introduction

Frictionandwearareimportantfactorsthataffectthereliabilityandservicelifeofmechanicalsystems.Inrecentyears,ultrasonicvibrationtechnologyhasbeenwidelyusedinvariousfieldsduetoitsuniqueadvantagesinreducingfrictionandwear.Ultrasonicvibrationcansignificantlyreducethesurfaceroughnessofmaterials,promotetheformationofauniformtransferfilm,andimprovethewearresistanceofthesystem.Theuseofultrasonicvibrationtechnologyintribologicalsystemshasbecomeahotresearchtopic,andhasgreatpotentialinpracticalapplications.

Inthispaper,wepresentastudyontheuseofatravelingwavetypeultrasonicmotorforultrasonicvibrationtoreducefrictioninatribologicalsystem.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatultrasonicvibrationcaneffectivelyreducethefrictioncoefficientandimprovethewearresistanceofthesystem.

Experimentalsetup

TheexperimentalsetupisshowninFig.1.Thetribologicalsystemconsistsofaball-on-diskcontactpair.Thediskismadeofsteel(SUS304)withadiameterof50mmandathicknessof10mm.Theballismadeofceramic(Si3N4)withadiameterof10mm.Thediskisfixedonaplatform,andtheballispressedagainstthediskbyaspringwithaforceof5N.Theslidingspeedis1mm/s,andtheslidingdistanceis5mm.Thenormalloadandtheslidingspeedarekeptconstantthroughouttheexperiment.

Theultrasonicmotorusedinthisexperimentisatravelingwavetypeultrasonicmotor,whichgeneratesatravelingwaveonthesurfaceofthestatorbytheactionofthepiezoelectricelement,anddrivestherotortorotate.Thestatorandtherotoraremadeofaluminumalloy(AL7075-T6)withadiameterof45mmandathicknessof7mm.Theultrasonicmotorisattachedtothebottomoftheplatform,andtherotorisincontactwiththedisk.Theoperatingfrequencyoftheultrasonicmotoris30kHz,andthevibrationamplitudeis5μm.

Experimentalresults

Thefrictioncoefficientandwearrateofthecontactpairweremeasuredunderdifferentexperimentalconditions,andtheexperimentalresultsareshowninFig.2andFig.3,respectively.Itcanbeseenfromthefiguresthatthefrictioncoefficientandwearrateofthesystemdecreasesignificantlywhenultrasonicvibrationisapplied.Whentheultrasonicmotorisnotused,thefrictioncoefficientandwearrateremainstable.Thisindicatesthattheultrasonicvibrationhasasignificanteffectonreducingfrictionandwear.

Thewearmorphologyofthediskandtheballwasobservedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),asshowninFig.4andFig.5,respectively.Itcanbeseenfromthefiguresthattheweartrackofthediskandtheballisobviouswithoutultrasonicvibration,andtheweardebrisisscatteredandirregular.Withultrasonicvibration,theweartrackofthediskandtheballissmoothanduniform,andtheweardebrisissmallandregular.Thisindicatesthatultrasonicvibrationcanpromotetheformationofauniformtransferfilmandreducethewearofthesystem.

Conclusion

Inthispaper,wepresentedastudyontheuseofatravelingwavetypeultrasonicmotorforultrasonicvibrationtoreducefrictioninatribologicalsystem.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatultrasonicvibrationcaneffectivelyreducethefrictioncoefficientandimprovethewearresistanceofthesystem.Thewearmorphologyofthesystemalsoindicatesthatultrasonicvibrationcanpromotetheformationofauniformtransferfilmandreducethewearofthesystem.Theuseofultrasonicvibrationtechnologyintribologicalsystemshasgreatpotentialinpracticalapplications.Theapplicationofultrasonicvibrationtoreducefrictionandwearintribologicalsystemshasmanypotentialbenefits.Firstly,itcansignificantlyreducethesurfaceroughnessofmaterials,whichisimportantforreducingfrictionandwear.Secondly,itcanpromotetheformationofauniformtransferfilm,whichcanreducewearbyprotectingthecontactsurfacesfromdirectcontact.Thirdly,ultrasonicvibrationcanreduceadhesionandimprovethetribologicalpropertiesofthecontactpair,whichisimportantforachievinglonglifeandreliabilityofmechanicalsystems.

Inadditiontotheexperimentalstudypresentedinthispaper,therehavebeenmanyotherstudiesontheapplicationofultrasonicvibrationintribologicalsystems.Forexample,ultrasonicvibrationhasbeenusedinabrasivemachiningtoreducesurfaceroughnessandimprovemachiningaccuracy.Ultrasonicvibrationhasalsobeenappliedtopolishingandgrindingtoimprovethesurfacequalityofmaterials.Thesestudieshaveshownthatultrasonicvibrationcanhavesignificantbenefitsinreducingfrictionandwear,andimprovingthetribologicalpropertiesofmechanicalsystems.

Inconclusion,theuseofultrasonicvibrationtechnologyintribologicalsystemshassignificantpotentialinpracticalapplications.Itcanreducefrictionandwear,promotetheformationofauniformtransferfilm,andimprovethetribologicalpropertiesofthecontactpair.Furtherresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthemechanismsofultrasonicvibrationintribologicalsystemsandtooptimizethedesignandoperationofultrasonicvibrationsystems.However,theresultspresentedinthispaperprovideapromisingapproachforthedevelopmentofnewandimprovedtribologicalsystems.Onepotentialapplicationofultrasonicvibrationintribologicalsystemsisinthefieldoflubrication.Lubricationisimportantforreducingfrictionandwearinmechanicalsystems,butconventionallubricantshavelimitationsintermsoftheireffectivenessanddurability.Ultrasonicvibrationcanenhancetheperformanceoflubricantsbyimprovingtheirabilitytopenetrateandadheretosurfaces,promotingtheformationofauniformtransferfilm,andreducingadhesionbetweencontactingsurfaces.Thiscanleadtoimprovedefficiency,reducedmaintenancecosts,andlongerservicelifeformechanicalcomponents.

Anotherpotentialapplicationofultrasonicvibrationintribologicalsystemsisinthefieldofsurfacemodification.Surfacemodificationtechniquessuchaslasersurfacetexturingandplasmatreatmentarecommonlyusedtoimprovethetribologicalpropertiesofmaterials,buttheycanbeexpensiveandtime-consuming.Ultrasonicvibrationoffersasimplerandpotentiallymorecost-effectiveapproachtosurfacemodification,asitcanbeusedtoinducestructuralchangesinmaterialsatthesurfacelevel.Thiscanleadtoimprovedlubrication,reducedfrictionandwear,andincreaseddurability.

Inaddition,ultrasonicvibrationcanalsobeusedinthefieldofmaterialtestingandcharacterization.Tribologicalproperties,suchasfrictionandwear,areimportantindicatorsofmaterialperformance,andultrasonicvibrationcanbeusedtomeasureandanalyzetheseproperties.Byapplyingultrasonicvibrationtotestsamples,researcherscanexploretheeffectsofvibrationfrequency,amplitude,anddurationontribologicalproperties.Thiscanprovidevaluableinsightsintotheunderlyingmechanismsoffrictionandwear,andhelpinformthedesignofnewandimprovedmechanicalsystems.

Overall,thepotentialapplicationsofultrasonicvibrationintribologicalsystemsarediverseandsignificant.Fromimprovinglubricationandsurfacemodificationtotestingandcharacterization,ultrasonicvibrationrepresentsapromisingavenueforthedevelopmentofnewandimprovedmechanicalsystems.Withfurtherresearchanddevelopment,ultrasonicvibrationtechnologywillundoubtedlycontinuetoplayanimportantroleintheadvancementoftribologyandmechanicalengineering.Onespecificapplicationofultrasonicvibrationintribologicalsystemsisinthedesignandtestingofanti-frictioncoatings.Thesecoatingsarecriticalinreducingthecoefficientoffrictioninmechanicalsystemsandcanimproveenergyefficiencyandreducewear.Ultrasonicvibrationcanbeappliedduringthedepositionofthesecoatingstoenhanceadhesion,uniformity,anddurability.Thevibrationscanfacilitatebettercontactbetweenthesubstrateandthecoatingmaterial,leadingtoincreasedintermolecularinteractions,andamoreuniformcoating.

Anotherpromisingapplicationofultrasonicvibrationintribologyisinthedevelopmentofadvancedlubricants.Withtheincreasingdemandsforhigh-performancetribologicalsystems,scientistsandengineersarecontinuouslydevelopingnewlubricationsystemsthatcanperformbetterunderextremeconditions.Ultrasonicvibrationcanplayavitalroleinthisprocess,withtheabilitytoimprovethepenetrationoflubricantsintothecontactingsurfaces,enhancetheformationofprotectivefilm,andreducefrictionandwear.

Ultrasonicvibrationcanalsobeusedintribologytostudythemechanismoffrictionandwearatthemicro-andnanoscale.Byapplyingultrasonicvibrationstothetestingsamples,researcherscanstudytheenergydissipationprocesses,evaluatetheeffectofsurfaceroughnessonfriction,andinvestigatethetransferfilmformationmechanism.Theresultsofthesestudiescancontributetothedevelopmentofbettertribologicalmodelst