2022北京八十中高三10月月考英語(yǔ)（教師版）

2022北京八十中高三10月月考

英語(yǔ)本試卷共9頁(yè)?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlightfromlateSeptembertomid-Marchsixmonthsoutoftheyear.“Ofcourse,weIitwhenthesunisshining,nsaysKarinRo,whoworksfbrthetown'stourismoffice.“Wcseetheskyisblue,butdowninthevalleyit'sdarker-it'slikeona2day.”Butthat3whenasystemofhigh-techmirrorswasintroducedtoreflectsunlightfromneighbouringpeaksintothevalleybelow.OnWednesday,residentsofRjukan4theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine:Arowofreflectiveboardsonanearbymountainsidewereputto5.Theboardsarecontrolledbyacomputerthat6themtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthedayandtocloseduringwindyweather.Theyreflectaconcentratedbeam（束）oflightontothetown'scentral7creatinganareaofsunlightroughly600squaremetres.Whenthelight8Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether.“Peoplehavebeensittingthereandstandingthereandtakingpicturesofeachother,”Rosays."Thetownsquarewastotally9Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere.vThe3,500residentscannotallenjoythesunshinealthesametime10thenewlightfeelslikemorethanenoughfbrthetown'ssun-stanedresidents."It'notverybig,“shesays,“butitisenoughwhenwearesharing.''1.A.fearB.believeC.hearD.notice2.A.cloudyB.nonnalC.diflerentD.wann3.A.helpedB.changedC.happenedD.mattered4.A.rememberedB.forecastedC.receivedD.imagined5.A.repairB.riskC.restD.use6.A.forbidsB.directsC.predictsD.follows7.A.libraryB.hallC.squareD.street8.A.appearedB.returnedC.fadedD.stopped9.A.newB.fullC.flatD.silent10.A.InsteadB.GraduallyC.HoweverD.Similarly第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題L5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Booksweremytruefiiendsbackthen.Iwasso11(thank)thattheauthorswrotethosebooks.Thekindnesstheyotteredmewiththeirbookssavedmylife.After12(survive)terribleexperiencesatschool氣關(guān)閉。A.forbids禁止；B.directs指導(dǎo)；C.predicts預(yù)測(cè);D.follows跟隨。根據(jù)后文“themtoturnalongwiththesunthroughouttheday”指電腦控制板子在白天隨著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，故選【7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它們將一束集中的光線反射到城鎮(zhèn)的中心廣場(chǎng)上，創(chuàng)造出大約600平方米的陽(yáng)光區(qū)域。A.library圖書(shū)館；B.hall大廳；C.square廣場(chǎng);D.street街道。呼應(yīng)后文"ThetownsquareM光線反射到城鎮(zhèn)的中心廣場(chǎng)上。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)燈光出現(xiàn)時(shí)，Rjukan的居民聚集在一起。A.appeared出現(xiàn)；B.returned返回;C.faded褪色；D.stopped停止。根據(jù)后文“Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether”指燈光出現(xiàn)時(shí)，Rjukan的居民聚集在一起。故選A。【9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：城市廣場(chǎng)上擠滿了人。A.new新的；B.full滿的；C.flat平的；D.silent沉默的。根據(jù)后文“Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere.（我想幾乎鎮(zhèn)上所有的人都在那里）”可知，城市廣場(chǎng)上擠滿了人。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，新的陽(yáng)光對(duì)小鎮(zhèn)上缺乏陽(yáng)光的居民來(lái)說(shuō)已經(jīng)足夠了。A.Instead相反；B.Gradually逐漸；C.However然而；D.Similarly類似地。結(jié)合前后文語(yǔ)境可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用however。故選C。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）【答案】11.thankfulsurvivingwhat【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文,通過(guò)發(fā)表對(duì)書(shū)籍的看法來(lái)講述作者對(duì)書(shū)籍的觀點(diǎn)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞作表語(yǔ)的用法。句意：我非常感激那些寫(xiě)作這些書(shū)籍的作者。這里非常感激是be動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)，用形容詞來(lái)表達(dá)。故填thankful?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法。句意：在經(jīng)歷學(xué)校與家庭的糟糕的事情后，幸存下來(lái)了，……。這里介詞后接-ing形式表示狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，那么使用surviving切合文意，故填surviving?！?3題詳解】考查名詞性從句。這里是表語(yǔ)從句連接詞使用。從句動(dòng)詞doing缺少賓語(yǔ)，且指物，所以用what引導(dǎo)。故填whato【答案】14.belief15.where16.hasfound17.better【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了魚(yú)的記憶力比我們以前想象的要好得多。【14題詳解】考查名詞。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，魚(yú)對(duì)任何事物的記憶不會(huì)超過(guò)7秒。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知此處缺少名詞作表語(yǔ)，故填belief。【15題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：想想它們不記得吃了什么，去了哪里，也不認(rèn)識(shí)你或它們的任何朋友，這似乎很悲哀。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少表語(yǔ)，表示“哪里”，作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。故填where?！?6題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，魚(yú)的記憶力比我們以前想象的要好得多。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是Arecentstudy,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填hasfound“【17題詳解】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意同上，空后的“than”表明此處應(yīng)該用形容詞比較級(jí)，而且空前的“much”也修飾比較級(jí)，故填better,【答案】18.without19.But20.beedited【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者認(rèn)為聯(lián)系越多，我們就越感到孤立。作者這一代人知道如何獨(dú)處，但20歲以卜.的年輕人卻從來(lái)沒(méi)有體驗(yàn)過(guò)獨(dú)處的感覺(jué)，他們通過(guò)可以編輯和更改的信息來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)話，卻忽略了學(xué)習(xí)與眼前的人實(shí)時(shí)對(duì)話的藝術(shù)?！?8題詳解】考查介詞。句意：我認(rèn)為這對(duì)我們這一代人來(lái)說(shuō)不是個(gè)問(wèn)題，他們己經(jīng)沒(méi)有科技生活了這么久。結(jié)合句意表示“沒(méi)有”應(yīng)用介詞without。故填without?！?9題詳解】考查連詞。句意：但20歲以下的人則是另一回事。結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境可知此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞but,句首單詞首字母要大寫(xiě)。故填But。【20題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：此外，他們通過(guò)可以編輯和修改的信息來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)話，代價(jià)是學(xué)習(xí)與你面前的人進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)對(duì)話的藝術(shù)。本句中主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且can后跟動(dòng)詞原形。故填beedited。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了三處滑雪勝地?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Breckenridge部分的“Withsomuchtooffer,Breckenridgemakesfbragreatskiresortthatsuitsallbudgets.（有這么多的提供，Breckenridge是一個(gè)偉大的滑雪勝地，適合所有預(yù)算。）”可.知，Breckenridge適合所有預(yù)算的游客，也就是說(shuō)如果你是一個(gè)預(yù)算緊張的初學(xué)者，你可以選擇Breckenridge.故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AspenSnowmass部分的“Aspenistheultimateskidestinationfbrtherichandhasevolvedintofourseparateskiarcas（Aspcn是富人的終極滑雪目的地，現(xiàn)已發(fā)展成四個(gè)獨(dú)立的滑雪場(chǎng)）”和“They'realllinkedbyashuttlesystem,accessiblewithasingleticket（它們都由一個(gè)穿梭系統(tǒng)連接,一張票就能到達(dá)）”可知，關(guān)于AspenSnowmass,我們了解到一張票可以到四個(gè)滑雪區(qū)域，故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Breckenridge部分的“itcanalsogetdiscouraginglycrowded（它也會(huì)變得令人沮喪地?fù)頂D）”和最后一段關(guān)于JacksonHole部分的“Crowdscanalsobeanissue（人群也可能是一個(gè)問(wèn)題）”可知,兩個(gè)景點(diǎn)的共同缺點(diǎn)是人多擁擠，故選D?！敬鸢浮?4.D25.B26.C【解析】［導(dǎo)語(yǔ)］這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要講述了細(xì)心周到的外賣店經(jīng)理通過(guò)觀察到?？蚄irkAlexander打破了每天訂餐的習(xí)慣，派人上門了解情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)Kirk患病在家，及時(shí)報(bào)警，從而救了Kirk性命的經(jīng)過(guò)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“TheonlysurethingfbrthestaffoftheSilvertonRoadDomino'swasthattheywouldseeAlexander'snameshowupontheironlineorderingsitesometimebetween11p.m.andmidnightseveraltimesaweek.（對(duì)于SilvertonRoadDomino的員匚來(lái)說(shuō)，唯一可以肯定的是，他們每周會(huì)在晚上11點(diǎn)到午夜的某個(gè)時(shí)候看到Alexander的名字出現(xiàn)在他們的在線訂購(gòu)網(wǎng)站上好幾次）”和第五段“力wentandlookeduptoseehowlongithadbeensincehelastordered,''FullertoidKATU.com."Itwas11days,whichwasnotlikehimatall.”（Fuller告訴KATU.com：“我抬頭看了看，他上次點(diǎn)單是多久以前的事，發(fā)現(xiàn)是11天前的事了，這完全不是他的風(fēng)格?？芍?，F(xiàn)uller通過(guò)發(fā)現(xiàn)Kirk最近已經(jīng)有“天（差不多兩周）沒(méi)在外賣店下單了，感到不對(duì)勁。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。由第二段中的“TheonlysurethingforthestaffoftheSilvertonRoadDomino'swasthattheywouldseeAlexander'snameshowupontheironlineorderingsitesometimebetween11p.m.andmidnightseveraltimesaweek.（對(duì)于SilvertonRoadDomino的員工來(lái)說(shuō)，唯一可以肯定的是，他們每周會(huì)在晚上11點(diǎn)到午夜的某個(gè)時(shí)候看到Alexander的名字出現(xiàn)在他們的在線訂購(gòu)網(wǎng)站上好幾次）”和第七段中的“Around1a.m.onSunday,May8,FullersentlongtimedeliverydriverTraceyHamblentostopinatAlexander'shome.HamblenapproachedAlexander'sdoorashehadcountlesstimesbeforeandknocked.（5月8日星期日凌晨1點(diǎn)左右，F(xiàn)uller派了長(zhǎng)期送貨司機(jī)特蕾西?漢布倫到亞歷山大的家中停留。漢布倫像以前無(wú)數(shù)次一樣，走近亞歷山大的門，敲門）”可知,Alexander經(jīng)常點(diǎn)外賣,而TraceyHamblen是派送員,從畫(huà)線句推斷出為二人十分相熟。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。由第四段“ItwasaslowSaturdaynightonMay7thwhenDomino'sgeneralmanagerSarahFullerfeltshecouldnolongerignoreAlexander'srecentabsence.（5^70是一個(gè)緩慢的周六晚上，Domino的總經(jīng)理SarahFuller覺(jué)得她再也不能忽視Alexander最近的缺席了）”可知，外賣店經(jīng)理通過(guò)細(xì)心觀察，察覺(jué)到了顧客Kirk點(diǎn)餐習(xí)慣發(fā)生的變化，最后救了Kirk的命，告訴了我們“細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗”的道理。故選C項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?7.C28.D29.C30,D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了企業(yè)通過(guò)破壞環(huán)境和傷害人們來(lái)獲得利益，這是很正常的，但僅僅指責(zé)企業(yè)是沒(méi)用的，還需發(fā)揮公眾的作用和影響力?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。由第三段“Ourblamingofbusinessesalsoignorestheultimateresponsibilityofthepublicforcreatingtheconditionsthatletabusinessprofitthroughdestructiveenvironmentalpolicies.Inthelongrun,itisthepublic,eitherdirectlyorthroughitspoliticians,thathasthepowertomakesuchdestructivepoliciesunprofitableandillegal,andtomakesustainableenvironmentalpoliciesprofitable.（我們對(duì)企業(yè)的指責(zé)也忽視了公眾的最終責(zé)任，是他們創(chuàng)造出相應(yīng)的條件，讓企業(yè)可以通過(guò)破壞環(huán)境的政策來(lái)賺取利潤(rùn)。長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看，無(wú)論是直接參與也好，通過(guò)政客也好，只有公眾才有權(quán)力讓這些破壞性的政策變得無(wú)利可圖或者違背法律，讓可持續(xù)的環(huán)保政策能夠盈利）”可知，公眾能創(chuàng)造相應(yīng)條件讓企業(yè)通過(guò)破壞環(huán)境的政策來(lái)賺取利潤(rùn)，公眾也可以通過(guò)行動(dòng)讓企業(yè)從破壞環(huán)境的政策變得無(wú)利可圖，概括可知第三段的主要思想是環(huán)境破壞可以通過(guò)普通人的行動(dòng)來(lái)預(yù)防。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段“Thepubliccandothatbyaccusingbusinessesofbanningthem.Thepublicmayalsomaketheiropinionfeltbychoosingtobuysustainablyharvestedproducts;bypreferringtheirgovernmentstoawardvaluablecontractstobusinesseswithagoodenvironmentaltrackrecord;andbypressingtheirgovemmentstopassandenforcelawsandregulationsrequiringgoodenvironmentalpractices.（公眾可以通過(guò)起訴企業(yè)傷害他們來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。公眾也可以通過(guò)選擇購(gòu)買可持續(xù)收獲的產(chǎn)品來(lái)表達(dá)自己的意見(jiàn)：通過(guò)選擇本國(guó)政府將有價(jià)值的合同授予有良好環(huán)境記錄的企業(yè)；并通過(guò)敦促其政府通過(guò)和執(zhí)行要求良好環(huán)境做法的法律和法規(guī)）”可知，在第四段中，作者描述了公眾可以影響企業(yè)和政府的環(huán)境政策的方式。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的"Inturn,bigbusinessescanexertpowerfulpressureonanysuppliersthatmightignorepublicorgovernmentpressure.（反過(guò)來(lái)，大企業(yè)可以對(duì)任何忽視公眾或政府壓力的供應(yīng)商施加強(qiáng)大壓力）”和“Forinstance,aftertheUSpublicbecameconcernedaboutthespreadofadisease,transmittedtohumansthroughinfectedmeat,theUSgovernmentintroducedrulesdemandingthatthemeatindustryabandonpracticesassociatedwiththeriskofthediseasespreading.Butthemeatpackersrefiisedtofollowthese,claimingthattheywouldbetooexpensivetoobey.However,whenafast-fbodcompanymadethesamedemandsaftercustomerpurchasesofitshamburgersdropped,themeatindustryfollowedimmediately.（例如,在美國(guó)公眾開(kāi)始關(guān)注通過(guò)受感染的肉類傳播給人類的疾病傳播后，美國(guó)政府食品和藥品管理局就出臺(tái)規(guī)定，要求肉制品行業(yè)放棄可能涉及疾病傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的做法。但是，肉類加工商拒絕遵守這些規(guī)定，聲稱遵守規(guī)定的成本太高。然而，當(dāng)一家大型快餐公司在消費(fèi)者對(duì)其漢堡包的購(gòu)買量大幅卜降之后也提出相應(yīng)的要求時(shí)，肉制品行業(yè)在幾周的時(shí)間里就屈從了）”可知，針對(duì)提到的疾病，在肉類加工商拒絕遵守這些規(guī)定的前提下，一家快餐公司（施加壓力）強(qiáng)制其肉類供應(yīng)商遵守法律。故選c項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。由第二段“Itiseasytoblameabusinessforhelpingitselfbyhurtingotherpeople.Butblamingaloneisunlikelytoproducechange.Itignoresthefactthatbusinessesarenotcharitiesbutprofit-makingcompanies,andtheyareunderobligationtomaximizeprofitsfbrshareholdersbylegalmeans.（對(duì)「我們來(lái)說(shuō)，指責(zé)一家公司損人利己是件很容易的事情。但指責(zé)本身不會(huì)產(chǎn)生改變。它忽視了如下事實(shí)：企業(yè)不是慈善機(jī)構(gòu)而是賺取利潤(rùn)的公司，而擁有股東的上市公司有義務(wù)在法律許可的范圍內(nèi)為股東實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)最大化）”，第三段“Ourblamingofbusinessesalsoignorestheultimateresponsibilityofthepublicfbrcreatingtheconditionsthatletabusinessprofitthroughdestmctiveenvironmentalpolicies.Inthelongmn,itisthepublic,eitherdirectlyorthroughitspoliticians,thathasthepowertomakesuchdestructivepoliciesunprofitableandillegal,andtomakesustainableenvironmentalpoliciesprofitable.（我們對(duì)企業(yè)的指責(zé)也忽視了公眾的最終責(zé)任，是他們創(chuàng)造出相應(yīng)的條件，讓企業(yè)可以通過(guò)破壞環(huán)境的政策來(lái)賺取利潤(rùn)。長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看，無(wú)論是直接參與也好，通過(guò)政客也好，只有公眾才有權(quán)力讓這些破壞性的政策變得無(wú)利可圖或者違背法律，讓可持續(xù)的環(huán)保政策能夠盈利）”，第六段中的“SomereadersmaybedisappointedoroutragedthatIplacetheultimateresponsibilityfbrbusinesspracticesharmingthepubliconthepublicitself.（一些讀者可能會(huì)感到失望或憤怒，因?yàn)槲野褤p害公眾的商業(yè)行為的最終責(zé)任推到了公眾身上）”和最后?段中的wIbelievethatchangesinpublicattitudesareessentialforchangesinbusinesses5environmentalpractices.（我認(rèn)為，公眾態(tài)度的改變對(duì)企業(yè)環(huán)境實(shí)踐的改變至關(guān)重要）”可知，文章論述了企業(yè)通過(guò)破壞環(huán)境和傷害人們來(lái)獲得利益，這是很正常的，但僅僅指責(zé)企業(yè)是沒(méi)用的，還需發(fā)揮公眾的作用和影響力，D項(xiàng)“大企業(yè)對(duì)環(huán)境造成的破壞應(yīng)該受到譴責(zé)嗎？”符合文意。故選D項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?1.B32.D33.D34.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。公眾對(duì)科學(xué)家的不信任在一定程度上源于科學(xué)與技術(shù)、發(fā)現(xiàn)與制造之間界限的模糊。大多數(shù)政府，也許是所有政府，從科學(xué)企業(yè)過(guò)去和將來(lái)所帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的角度來(lái)為科學(xué)研究的公共開(kāi)支辯護(hù)。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpensesonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificbusinesshasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.（大多數(shù)政府，也許是所有的政府，都根據(jù)科學(xué)研究在過(guò)去和將來(lái)所帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益來(lái)證明在科學(xué)研究上的公共開(kāi)支是合理的）”可知，當(dāng)涉及到科學(xué)研究時(shí)，大多數(shù)政府最關(guān)心的是快速的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)，故選Bo【32題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞上文“Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimaten以及后文“tothepursuitofunderstandingfbritsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespiritw可知，許多人有保留意見(jiàn)，但在他們認(rèn)為對(duì)求知本身和探究、創(chuàng)造精神的追求是不友好的氣氛中，所以他們把這些意見(jiàn)藏在心里。故畫(huà)線詞意思是“不友好的”。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofsomeofhisresearchfunding.（即使教授沒(méi)有在任何公司擔(dān)任顧問(wèn)，一些人可能仍然不信任他，因?yàn)樗c那些有顧問(wèn)的公司有聯(lián)系，或者至少對(duì)他的一些研究資金的來(lái)源感到疑惑）”可知，根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，人們對(duì)?科學(xué)家的專業(yè)判斷持懷疑態(tài)度，因?yàn)樗麄兣c相關(guān)項(xiàng)目的聯(lián)系可能會(huì)影響他們，故選D,【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的"Thisattitudecanhavedamagingeffects.Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemascorruptible.Thismakesiteasiertodismissallscientificpronouncements,butespeciallythosemadebythescientistswhopresentthemselvesas“experts”.（這種態(tài)度會(huì)產(chǎn)生破壞性的影響。它質(zhì)疑了在一個(gè)視學(xué)術(shù)誠(chéng)實(shí)為最高美德的職業(yè)中工作的個(gè)人的誠(chéng)信，并正中那些想要通過(guò)把科學(xué)家說(shuō)成是腐敗的人的下懷。這使得人們更容易忽視所有的科學(xué)聲明，尤其是那些自稱為“專家”的科學(xué)家所發(fā)表的聲明）”作者說(shuō)公眾對(duì)科學(xué)家的不信任會(huì)有破壞性的影響，是因?yàn)槿绻藗兒鲆晫＜业乃新暶?，他們可能?huì)遭受損失。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?5.G36.D37.B38.C39.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。解釋了一個(gè)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)：可以通過(guò)移除胃組織、改變?nèi)藗冿嬍抄h(huán)境可以幫助人們攝入正常的食物量，不易引起過(guò)度飲食?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)空前的"Whenwestartdippingintoourstoresofenergyorwhenwedropbelowourtypicalbodyweight,thesystemringsthebelL（當(dāng)我們開(kāi)始消耗儲(chǔ)存的能量，或者當(dāng)我們的體重低于正常體重時(shí)，系統(tǒng)就會(huì)響鈴）”以及空后的“Afterweeatenoughfoodorputonweight,thesamehormonalsystemandbraincircuitthentendtodepressourappctitc.（當(dāng)我們吃了足夠多的食物或體重增加后，同樣的激素系統(tǒng)和大腦回路會(huì)抑制我們的食欲）”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該承接前文的系統(tǒng)，同時(shí)引出卜文的thesamehormonalsystemandbraincircuito說(shuō)明大腦中的激素的作用。G選項(xiàng)44Anetworkofhormonesandneuralpathwaysinthebrainactivateourfeelingofhunger.（大腦中的激素網(wǎng)絡(luò)和神經(jīng)通路激活我們的饑餓感）”中的“Anetworkofhormonesandneuralpathwaysn與前句的system和空后的thesamehormonalsystemandbraincircuit進(jìn)行呼應(yīng)。故選G。【36題詳解】根據(jù)上文uNow,^Shiftingthefbcustopleasure''isanewapproachtounderstandinghungerandweightgain.（現(xiàn)在，“把注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到快樂(lè)上”是一種理解饑餓和體重增加的新方法）”以及空后的“Determiningwhetheranindividual'sweightproblemarisesfromemotionallongingsoraphysicalfailureinthebody'sabilitytobumupcaloriesisimportantfbrdoctorstochoosethemostappropriatemedicationsorbehavioralinterventionsfbrtreatment.（對(duì)于醫(yī)生來(lái)說(shuō)，確定一個(gè)人的體重問(wèn)題是源于情感上的渴望，還是由于身體燃燒卡路里的能力下降，這對(duì)選擇最合適的藥物或行為干預(yù)措施很重要）”可知，空處承接上下文說(shuō)明這種方法一經(jīng)對(duì)治療的選擇產(chǎn)生了影響。D選項(xiàng)“Thisapproachhasalreadyhadaninfluenceonthechoiceoftreatment^這種方法已經(jīng)對(duì)治療的選擇產(chǎn)生了影響）”與此呼應(yīng)，同時(shí)thisapproach指代的是前文的“Shiftingthefocustopleasureisanewapproach（“把注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到快樂(lè)上”是一種新方法）”。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文的aThroughremovingtissue,doctorsmakeitimpossiblefbrthestomachtoaccommodatemorethanacoupleofouncesoffoodatatime.（通過(guò)切除胃組織，醫(yī)生使胃一次不能容納超過(guò)幾盎司的食物）”可知，空前講述的內(nèi)容跟胃部收縮有關(guān)系，同時(shí)能夠減少胃部的容納量。B選項(xiàng)°Thismedicaloperationdramaticallyshrinksthestomach.（這項(xiàng)醫(yī)療手術(shù)使胃顯著縮小）”與此對(duì)應(yīng)。故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Thetraditionalideaisthatwccanteachoverweightpeopletoimprovetheirself-control.However,scientistsnowrealizethatthefoodsthemselvesaremoreoftheproblem.Formanypeople,certainfoodscausesuchastrongresponseinthebrain'srewardcircuitthatourwillpowerwillrarely,ifever,besufficienttoresistthosefoodsoncetheyarearound.（傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，我們可以教超重的人提高自我控制能力。然而，科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在意識(shí)到食物本身才是更大的問(wèn)題。時(shí)于很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，某些食物會(huì)在大腦的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)回路中引起強(qiáng)烈的反應(yīng)，以至于我們的意志力很少足以在食物出現(xiàn)時(shí)抵御它們）”可知，后文主要說(shuō)明了從心理上如何提高自我控制能力，故C選項(xiàng)“從心理上講，消除影響因素是一種選擇”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Formanypeople,certainfoodscausesuchastrongresponseinthebrain'srewardcircuitthatourwillpowerwillrarely,ifever,besufficienttoresistthosefoodsoncetheyarcaround.（對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō),某些食物會(huì)在大腦的獎(jiǎng)賞回路中引起如此強(qiáng)烈的反應(yīng)，以至于一旦這些食物出現(xiàn)，我們的意志力很難抵御它們）”以及空后的uThatmeansneverbringingfatty,supersweetfoodsintoourhouseandavoidinggoingtoplacesthatofferthemwheneverpossible（這意味著永遠(yuǎn)不要把高脂肪、超級(jí)甜的食物帶到家里，盡可能避免去提供這些食物的地方）”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)的是讓我們重新思考食物環(huán)境對(duì)人們進(jìn)食產(chǎn)生的影響。盡量避免去提供各種高脂肪、超級(jí)甜的食物環(huán)境。A選項(xiàng)“Therefore,wehavetoreengineerthefoodenvironment因此，我們必須重新設(shè)計(jì)食品環(huán)境）”承接上下文，與此相符。故選A。第三部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40至41題每小題2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）【答案】40.Anoilspill.Theauthorfeltshocked.Volunteerscouldsavethepenguinsintheoil'spathbecausetheycleanedthepollutedhabitattogether.Becauseifanymorebirdswereoiled,volunteerswouldn'thaveenoughresourcestosavethepenguins.Ithinkthattherescuewasverysuccessfulandamazing,becausethevolunteerscompletedanimpossibletask.Itnotonlyshowedthemeaningof“Morehandsproduceastrongerflame"，butalsothegreatpowerofmankind.【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是?篇記敘文。文章講述了作者參與的?次挽救企鵝的志愿者活動(dòng)。因?yàn)槿加偷男孤叮罅康姆侵奁簌Z被困，命在旦夕，志愿者們經(jīng)過(guò)三個(gè)多月把它們帶到了安全的地方，最后把企鵝放歸野外。通過(guò)這篇文章，作者告訴我們眾人拾柴火焰高，人類的力量是偉大的。【40題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第一段中的"Inthesummerof2016,theshipMVTreasuresunk,creatinganoilspill.ThirteenhundredtonsoffueloilwereflowingrightinthemiddleoftheAfricanPenguins,habitat.Soontheoilcoveredabout20,000penguins.Withoutswifthelp,theseabirdswouldhavenochanceofsunival.（2016年夏天，MVTreasure號(hào)沉沒(méi)，造成漏油。1300噸的燃油正流向非洲企鵝棲息地的中央。很快，石油覆蓋了大約20000只企鵝。沒(méi)有迅速的幫助，企鵝就沒(méi)有生存的機(jī)會(huì)）”可知，由于石油泄露，非洲企鵝處于危險(xiǎn)之中。故答案為:Anoilspill.[41題詳解】考查推理判斷。由第二段中的"Whenwalkingintothecenter,Icouldn'tbelievemycars.Ihadexpectedtowalkintoachorusofhonkingandsquawking（尖聲叫）.Instead,thecentersoundedlikealibrary.Thepenguinsweredeadsilent.Myheartachedfbrthepainfulbirds.（當(dāng)我走進(jìn)中心時(shí)，我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信自己的耳朵。我本以為會(huì)進(jìn)入鳴叫和吵鬧聲的大合唱。相反，這個(gè)中心聽(tīng)起來(lái)像一個(gè)圖書(shū)館。企鵝們鴉雀無(wú)聲。我的心為那些痛苦的企鵝而痛）”可知，當(dāng)作者走進(jìn)救援中心時(shí)，作者原以為會(huì)聽(tīng)到企鵝的叫聲，然而它們卻鴉雀無(wú)聲，作者感到震驚。故答案為：Theauthorfeltshocked.【42題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第三段中的"Whilevolunteerswerebusybathingtheoiledpenguins,anothercrisiswasdeveloping.Oilfromthespillhadstartedmovingnorth.TensofthousandsofpenguinswereintheoiTspath.（當(dāng)志愿者們忙于給沾滿油污的企鵝洗澡時(shí)，另一場(chǎng)危機(jī)正在發(fā)生。泄漏的石油開(kāi)始向北移動(dòng)。數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的企鵝在石油的路徑上）”和Ifanymorebirdswereoiled,wewouldn'thaveenoughresourcestosavethem.（如果有更多的企鵝被石油污染，我們就沒(méi)有足夠的資源來(lái)拯救它們）”可知，如果有更多的企鵝被石油污染，志愿者們無(wú)法拯救油路上的所有企鵝，“couldsave”錯(cuò)誤。故答案為：Volunteerscouldsavethepenguinsintheoil'spathbecausetheycleanedthepollutedhabitattogether.Becauseifanymorebirdswereoiled,volunteerswouldn'thaveenoughresourcestosavethepenguins.【43題詳解】考查開(kāi)放答題。考生結(jié)合文本，合理發(fā)表自己觀點(diǎn)，如：我認(rèn)為這次救援非常成功和令人驚嘆，因?yàn)橹驹刚邆兺瓿闪艘豁?xiàng)不可能完成的任務(wù)。它不僅顯示了“眾人拾柴火焰高”的含義，也顯示了人類的強(qiáng)大力量。故答案為：Ithinkthattherescuewasverysuccessfulandamazing,becausethevolunteerscompletedanimpossibletask.Itnotonlyshowedthemeaningof“Morehandsproduceastrongerflame"，butalsothegreatpowerofmankind.第二節(jié)（20分）【答案】DearJimPmwritingtoconsultyouaboutmyenrollmentinterviewbyBeijingForeignStudiesUniversitynextmonth.MyenrollmentinterviewwillbeonMarch4thintheCitylibraryandthejudgesareteachersfromBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity,whowillgivescoresaccordingtomyoralEnglishability.Languageproficiencyisimportantforsuchaninteniew,soI'minurgentneedofyourprofessionalguidanceinmyoralEnglish.Besides,anyconstructiveadviceoninterviewtechniqueswillbehighlyappreciated.Finally,iftherearcanydo'sanddon'tsintermsofdressing,mannersandsoon,pleasedoletmeknow.IwillappreciateitifIcouldmeetyouwhenyouareavailablethisweek.Yours,LiHua【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生給外教Jim寫(xiě)一封郵件，就“下個(gè)月要參加某外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)的招生面試，在準(zhǔn)備期間遇到了困難”一事，向他尋求幫助，內(nèi)容包括：1.介紹招生面試的相關(guān)信息；2.說(shuō)明你的困難?！驹斀狻?.詞匯積累英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)：oralEnglish—>spokenEnglish能力：ability—>coinpetence重要的：important->significant小匕夕卜：besides—>what'smore2.句式拓展簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句原句：Languageproficiencyisimportantfbrsuchaninteniew,soI'minurgentneedofyourprofessionalguidanceinmyoralEnglish.拓展句：Becauselanguageproficiencyisimportantfbrsuchaninteniew,TminurgentneedofyourprofessionalguidanceinmyoralEnglish.【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型11MyenrollmentinterviewwillbeonMarch4thintheCitylibraryandthejudgesareteachersfromBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity,whowillgivescoresaccordingtomyoralEnglishability.（運(yùn)用了who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）[高分句型2]Finally,ifthereareanydo'sanddon'tsintermsofdressing,mannersandsoon,pleasedoletmeknow”運(yùn)用了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句）andathome,Imadeachoicetotaketheoptimistic,positiveroadinthenextstepsofmyjourney.Mydreamcareer,oneIthoughtwasonlypossiblefbrtheauthorsIloved,is13Iamdoingnow.Ihavebeenafiill-timeauthorofteennovelssince2007andamgratefi.ilfbrthisamazingopportunitytoreachouttoreaderseverysingleday.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。h'sapopular14(believe)thatfishcan'trememberanythingfbrlongerthansevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthattheydon'trememberwhatihey'veeatenor15Ihey'vebeen,andtheydon'trecognizeyouoranyoftheirfriends—everymomentintheirliveswouldbelikeseeingtheworldfbrthefirsttime.Butdon'tbesoquicktofeelsorryfbrthem.Arecentstudy16(find)thatfishhavemuch17(good)memoriesthanweusedtothink.Infact,certainspeciesoffishcanevenremembereventsfromaslongas12daysago.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Ihonestlybelievethere'sadangerthatthemoreconnectedwcarc,themoreisolatedwcfeel.Idon'tthinkthisissuchanissuefbrmygenerationwho'velived18technologyfbrsolong.Weknowhowtobealoneand,moreimportantly,wcknowthatit'sOKtobealone.19theunder20sarcanotherkettleoffish.They'resobusythattheyneverexperiencethefeelingofsolitudeandruntheriskofnotlearninghowtoenjoytheirowncompany.Inaddition,they'relearningconversationthroughmessagesthatcan2()(edit)andchangedattheexpenseoflearningtheartofrealconversationinrealtimewiththepersoninfrontofyou.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ASoyou'relookingtoskiatoneofthebest?We'vedonethehardworkfbryou.BreckenridgeBreckenridgeisanextremelypopularskidestination.It'sundoubtedlyanawesomemountaintoride,butitcanalsogetdiscouraginglycrowded.ThisisnotsurprisinggivenallthethingsBreckenridgehasgoingfbrit:affordablelodging(借宿),anabundanceofslopesandNorthAmerica'shighestlift.Thetownatmosphereisfunandrelaxing,plusthereareatonofshopping,dining,anddrinkingoptionstochoosefrom.Withsomuchtooffer,Breckenridgemakesfbragreatskiresortthatsuitsallbudgets.AspenSnowmassAspenistheultimateskidestinationfbrtherichandhasevolvedintofourseparateskiareas:Aspen,Snowmass,Buttermilk,andAspenHighlands.They,realllinkedbyashuttlesystem,accessiblewithasingleticket,andgatheredaroundoneofthegreatestskitownsintheworld.Aspenistrulythekingofapres-ski(滑雪后的社交娛樂(lè))withendlessdiningandnightlifeoptions!It'salsooneofthefewskiresortsinColoradowhereyouwon'tbeaffectedbyaltitudesickness.Foralltheappealthatbringscelebritieshere,Aspendoescomeataprice.JacksonHoleJacksonHoleisinfamousforitsextremeterrain（地形）andsteepswiththemostcontinuousverticalintheUS.Althoughithasthereputationofanexpert'sparadise,recentimprovementshavemadeintennediateterraineasiertoaccess.Ontheotherside,JacksonHoleisnotidealfbrfirst-timersandkidsduetothelackofbeginnerterrain.Crowdscanalsobeanissue.Ifyou'relookingfbrski-in/ski-outaccess,stayinTetonVillagewhichhasahandfulofbars;ifnot,thetownofJacks.Ifyouareabeginnerwithatightbudget,whichskiingresortmayyouchoose?A.Buttermilk.B.Breckenridge.C.JacksonHole.D.AspenSnowmass.WhatcanwelearnaboutAspenSnowmass?Itiseconomicaltoskithere.Itofferslimitedsocialactivities.Oneticketcanbeusedin4skiareas.Visitorswillfeelsickforitshighaltitude.What'sthesamedisadvantageofBreckenridgeandJacksonHole?Thepriceisexpensive.Thetrafficisnotveryconvenient.Theyarenotfriendlytobeginners.Theyareverycrowdedsometimes.BWhenKirkAlexanderwentmissingfbr11days,anunlikelysaviorcametohisrescue:hisneighborhoodpizzastore.Almosteverynightfbrmorethantenyears,KirkAlexander,48,ofSalem,OregonorderedalatedinnerfromhislocalDomino'spizzastore.Hehadnosignatureorder.Sometimeshewouldcallfbrasalad,sometimesapic,sometimeschickenwings.Theonlysurethingfbrthestart'oftheSilvertonRoadDomino'swasthattheywouldseeAlexander'snameshowupontheironlineorderingsitesometimebetween11p.m.andmidnightseveraltimesaweek.Untilsuddenly,fornearlytwoweeksattheendofApril2016,theydidn't.ItwasaslowSaturdaynightonMay7thwhenDomino'sgeneralmanagerSarahFullerfeltshecouldnolongerignoreAlexander'srecentabsence.“Iwentandlookeduptoseehowlongithadbeensincehelastordered,“FullertoldKATU.com."Itwas11days,whichwasnotlikehimatall.^^FullerknewAlexanderworkedfromhomeandneighborssaidherarelyleft.ShealsoknewthathehadsuHeredsomehealthissuesinthepast.Something,Fullerworried,waswrong.Around1a.m.onSunday,May8,FullersentlongtimedeliverydriverTraceyHamblentostopinatAlexander'shome.HamblenapproachedAlexander'sdoorashehadcountlesstimesbeforeandknocked.HecouldplainlyseethatAlexander'sTVsetwason,aswerehislights;butafterseveralminutes,Alexanderstilldidn'tanswerthedoor.HamblenrushedbacktothestoretorelaytheupsettingdevelopmentstoFuller.SheencouragedHamblentodial911.Soon,officerswereontheirway.WhendeputiesfromtheMarionCountySherifFsofficearrivedatAlexander'shouse,theyheardamancallingforhelpfrominsidetheresidence,deputiessaid.Theybrokethedoordown,andfoundAlexanderonthefloorinneedofimmediatemedicalattention.Onedaylater,andtheymighthavebeentoolate.AlexanderwasrushedtoSalemHospital,wherehewaslistedinstableconditionshortlyafterthedramaticrescue.Inthefollowingweeks,Fuller,Hamblen,andotherstoreemployeeswenttovisithimwithflowersandcards,notingthatAlexandergreetedthemwithknowingsmiles.HowdidFullersensethatsomethingwaswrong?SheknewAlexanderhadserioushealthproblems.Alexanderhadn'torderedchickenwingsfbrnearly2weeks.Alexanderhadneverbeforebrokenhisroutineinthestorefbr10years.Alexanderhaddisappearedfromthestore'sorderingsystemfbrabout2weeks.Whatcanyouinferfromtheunderlinedsentence?HamblenwasfbndofknockingatAlexander'sdoor.HamblenwasmorethananacquaintancetoAlexander.EverytimeHamblenarrivedatAlexander'shouse,hewouldknockfirst.WhenHamblenhadenoughtimeinthepast,hewouldgotoAlexander'shouse.Thesayingwecanlearnfromthestoryis.BetterlatethanneverBomindistress,dieinpeaceDetailsdeterminesuccessorfailureEventhewisearcnotalwaysfreefromerrorCTheenvironmentalpracticesofbigbusinessesareshapedbyafundamentalfactthatoffendsoursenseofjustice.Abusinessmaymaximizetheamountofmoneyitmakesbydamagingtheenvironmentandhurtingpeople.Whengovernmentregulationiseffective,andthepublicisenvironmentallyaware,environmentallycleanbigbusinessesmayout-compctedirtyones,butthereverseislikelytobetrueifgovernmentregulationisineffectiveandthepublicdoesn'tcare.Itiseasytoblameabusinessfbrhelpingitselfbyhurtingotherpeople.Butblamingaloneisunlikelytoproducechange.Itignoresthefactthatbusinessesarenotcharitiesbutprofit-makingcompanies,andtheyareunderobligationtomaximizeprofitsfbrshareholdersbylegalmeans.Ourblamingofbusinessesalsoignorestheultimateresponsibilityofthepublicfbrcreatingtheconditionsthatletabusinessprofitthroughdestructiveenvironmentalpolicies.Inthelongrun,itisthepublic,eitherdirectlyorthroughitspoliticians,thathasthepowertomakesuchdestructivepoliciesunprofitableandillegal,andtomakesustainableenvironmentalpoliciesprofitable.Thepubliccandothatbyaccusingbusinessesofbanningthem.Thepublicmayalsomaketheiropinionfeltbychoosingtobuysustainablyharvestedpr