2016屆中考英語動(dòng)詞不定式考點(diǎn)梳理

動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“to+動(dòng)詞原形"，否定形式為“not+to+動(dòng)詞原形”。動(dòng)詞不定式在句中不充當(dāng)謂語，不受主語的限制，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。動(dòng)詞不定式是全國各地區(qū)中考的必考點(diǎn)之一?，F(xiàn)結(jié)合最近幾年的中考真題，全面梳理動(dòng)詞不定式的考點(diǎn)。走進(jìn)考題，用心感悟It’shappyforme(have)thebike.Theyprefer(stay)athomeratherthangoout.Heisoldenough(join)thearmy.Hisbossmadehim(finish)theworkafterfive.Hisplanis(spend)hersummerinShanghai.Haveyougotanything(say)?Doyouknowwhen(start)ourwork?Hewentout(carry)thebigbag.(do)thehomeworkatschoolisourduty.Theteachertoldme(clean)theclassroomafterclass.請(qǐng)大家大膽嘗試做以上十個(gè)小題。在做題的過程中，不需要過多考慮，要憑感覺填寫，我相信這樣的話大家做題的正確率會(huì)很高。怎么樣？完成了吧？是不是發(fā)現(xiàn)這些題的答案大都是“to+動(dòng)詞原形”呢？精心思索，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞不定式具有以下特點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞不定式運(yùn)用范圍廣，位置靈活；除了不能做謂語之外，動(dòng)詞不定式幾乎可以充當(dāng)其他句子成分。邊講邊練，牢記結(jié)構(gòu)一、動(dòng)詞不定式做主語.動(dòng)詞不定式直接做主語。例如：Todrivelessisgoodfortheenvironment.少開車對(duì)環(huán)境有好處。(2014北京).下列特殊句型中的動(dòng)詞不定式做真正的主語?！鳌癐tis+adj.+forsb.todosth.”意為“做某事對(duì)某人來說是……的"。其中句中的形容詞多為描述性的詞語，不對(duì)人或物的品格進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，如difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,impossible等。△“Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.”意為“做某事對(duì)某人來說是……的"。其中句中的形容詞用于描述人的性格、品質(zhì)，如kind,good,nice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。△“Itisa/one’s+n.(task/duty/job)+todosth.”意為“做某事是 的任務(wù)/職責(zé)/工作”。例如：It'smydutytosavepatients.治病救人是我的職責(zé)?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】(2015雅安)Itisimportantpeoplegoodmanners.A.for;tolearn B.of;tolearnC.for;learn D.of;learn(2012欽州)—Letmehelpyoucarrythebox,Granny.一Thankyou,LiLei.It'sveryniceyoume.A.of;tohelpB.for;tohelpC.of;helpingD.for;helping(2014龍東)一It'sourdutyourcitycleanandbeautiful.一Yes.Weshoulddosomethingforit.A.tokeep B.keep C.keeping二、動(dòng)詞不定式做表語動(dòng)詞不定式做表語，一般用于be動(dòng)詞或seem等系表動(dòng)詞后面。主語通常是wish,idea,work,task,job,aim等。例如:Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.我的工作是每天打掃房間。

三、動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語是中考?？键c(diǎn)之一，其用法分為兩種情況：一些動(dòng)詞必須接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語，這類動(dòng)詞有want,decide,learn,hope,plan,afford,need,wouldlike,expect,intend,agree,refuse等。think,find,make,feel等動(dòng)詞可用于“v.+it+adj.+todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)。在此句型中，it做形式賓語，而真正的賓語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（2015遂寧）Theydecidedabridgeovertheriver.A.build B.tobuild C.building（2014揚(yáng)州）一Somechildrencan'taffordnecessarystationary.—Let’sdonateourpocketmoneytothem.A.buy B.buying C.tobuy D.bebought（2015齊齊哈爾）Ifoundnotveryeasytorideabike.A.that;learn B.it;tolearnC.that;tolearn四、動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語后接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞分為兩種情況：1.后接帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有ask,tell,get,want,wouldlike,need,teach,invite,advise,order,encourage,warn,remind,allow,persuade,force等。2.后接省略to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：一感(feel)、二聽(listento;hear)、三讓(make;let;have)、四看(lookat;see;watch;notice)、半幫助(help)。但要注意的是，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中，應(yīng)還原動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to,如makesb.dosth.fbemadetodosth.?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（2015上海）Myfriendinvitedmetheartclub,andIaccepteditwithpleasure.A.join B.tojoin C.joined D. joining（2015呼和浩特）Mr.Smithtoldhissonthefootballmatchbecauseoftheexam.A.notto watchB.tonotwatch C.notwatching D. doesn't watch（2015臨沂）Whathappenswhenyouhearastrangenoiseatnight,orfindabigspiderintheD.jumped laugh.D.makeD.jumped laugh.D.makeA.jump10.（2013A.jump10.（2013呼和浩特）A.bemadeIfyouseethecartoonfilm,youwillB.bemadetoC.madeto（2014呼和浩特）-Whydon’tyouwatchTVathome?—I’dloveto,butmymotherdoesn'tallowmethat.A.do B.did C.todo D.doing（2014黔西南）Tom'smothertoldhimeatingtoomuchmeat.A.stopping B.tostop C.stops D.stopped五、動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語，可以表示目的、結(jié)果或者原因等。【真題再現(xiàn)】（2014未名）Mr.Liisakind-heartedman.Thoughheisnotrich,healwaysdoeseverythinghecanthehomelesschildren.A.tosupportB.support C.supportingD.supported（2015泰安）Whenyouleave,pleaseturnoffthelightsenergy.A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.savedA.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.saved（2014麗水）一DoesMaryonlyhaveanappleforbreakfast?—Yes.Sheeatslikeabird,A.towakeupB.tobestrongC.toloseweightD.tofallasleep六、動(dòng)詞不定式做定語.動(dòng)詞不定式做定語時(shí)位于被修飾詞語之后，做后置定語。.如果不定式動(dòng)詞與被修飾語之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，并且該動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞使動(dòng)賓關(guān)系成立?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（2014漳州）一Wedon'thaveenoughmoneyforourfieldtrip.Whatshallwedo?—Thebestwaymoneyistosellnewspapers.A.raise B.toraise C.raising（2013涼山）Whenyoumovesomewherenew,thefirstthingforyouistofindaplace.A.tolive B.livingin C.tolivein（2014畢節(jié)）一Wouldyoulikesomething?—Yes.I’dlike.A.drink;orange B.todrink;orangeC.toeat;orangeD.eat;oranges七、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問詞who,what,which,when,how,where等詞連用，構(gòu)成“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中可以做主語、賓語和表語。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常位于下列動(dòng)詞之后:tell,teach,know,wonder,learn,show,ask等?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（2015福州）一Sobeautifulflowers!Ican’tdecideformymum.一ForMother'sDay,itcan'tbebettertotakesomecarnations（康乃馨）.A.whentochoose B.whichtochoose C.howtochoose（2015自貢）Ireallydon'tknowthisquestion.Itistoohard.A.whichtoanswer B.howtoanswer C.whattoanswer返璞歸真，活學(xué)活用“問渠那得清如許，為有源頭活水來”。個(gè)人認(rèn)為，學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)該返璞歸真，從源頭開始，深刻理解其內(nèi)涵，在運(yùn)用中悟出其用法，達(dá)到隨心所欲的目的。不要斷章取義地理解，也不要死板硬套地學(xué)習(xí)。.明確內(nèi)涵對(duì)于動(dòng)詞不定式，不要刻意去記它在句中充當(dāng)什么成分。它屬于非謂語動(dòng)詞，要明確它在句中不能充當(dāng)謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。在其他情況下，把它當(dāng)作一個(gè)插入語，“哪里需要就往哪里搬”。在運(yùn)用感悟中，體會(huì)其在句中的成分，分析其位置關(guān)系。如此，就會(huì)很快掌握其內(nèi)涵和用法。.牢記結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式是由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定式是在其前加not。.活學(xué)活用同學(xué)們要在“做中學(xué)”，“做中思”，舉一反三，通過不斷的練習(xí)，找到規(guī)律。只要這樣才會(huì)運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，得心應(yīng)手。動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說明主語TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.講英語對(duì)我們來說不容易。動(dòng)詞不定式做主語，常常用it做形式主語，而把不定式放在后面。表語Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tc多數(shù)情況下，不定式做表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為

cleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。做主語。賓語—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)？—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜歡打籃球。只能做某些動(dòng)詞的賓語，一般不做介詞的賓語。賓補(bǔ)Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動(dòng)詞后，不定式省略to。定語Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有要說的嗎？不定式做定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語I’msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.俵目的）我去圖書館學(xué)英語。不定式做狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。動(dòng)名詞的句法功能功能例句說明主語Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃得太多對(duì)你的健康有害。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。賓語動(dòng)詞賓語Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜歡打籃球。表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。介詞賓語Stampsareusedforsendingletters.郵票是被用來寄信的。表語Hishobbyisreadingnovels.=Readingnovelsishishobby.讀小說是他的愛好。多數(shù)情況下,動(dòng)名詞做表語可轉(zhuǎn)化成做主語。定語Sheisinthereadingroom.她在閱覽室。Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我們應(yīng)該改進(jìn)教學(xué)方法。只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于所修飾詞之前。分詞的句法功能功能例句說明定語Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?你認(rèn)識(shí)站在樹下面的那個(gè)女孩嗎？分詞做定語，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的詞。狀語Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.學(xué)生們談笑著走出了教室。分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主句主語。表語Theboyistoofrightenedtomove.這個(gè)男孩太害怕了以至于不能動(dòng)了?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征；過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)。補(bǔ)足語Don'tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.不要讓我們等得太久。He'llhavehishaircutafterschool.放學(xué)后他要去理發(fā)?，F(xiàn)在分詞做補(bǔ)足語，被補(bǔ)足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語（即主動(dòng)關(guān)系）；過去分詞做補(bǔ)足語，被補(bǔ)足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語（即被動(dòng)關(guān)系）近年河北省中考動(dòng)詞不定式真題（15'）(2015)—It’simportantforustoknowallthesubjects.—Yeah,groupworkismyfavorite.A.howtostudyB.whentostudyC.whichtostudyD.whattostudy(2014)Don’tforgetthankswhenotherpeoplehelpyou.A.accept B.toaccept C.say D.tosay(2012) a book in thelibrary, enter akeyword intothe computer.A.To find B. Find C. Towrite D. Write(2009)Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomethingtheold.A.served B. toserve C.serve D.serves(2008) Weare going for apicnic tomorrow. I'llcall Wendyto makesure.A.whytostart B.whentostart C.whattostartD.whichtostart(2007)Themenuhassomanygoodthings!Ican'tdecide.A.whattoeatB.howtoeat C.wheretoeat D.whentoeat(2006)Janelikessinging.Weoftenhearherafterclass.A. sing B. tosing C. sings D. sang(2005)Oh,Danny.It'srainingoutside,You'dbetteryourraincoat.A. puton B. putup C. dress D. towear(2004)Wouldyoushowmeane-mail,please?Firsttimeforme.A. howto make B. howtosend C. which tomake D. whento send(2002)-YourspokenEnglishismuchbetter.—Thankyou.MyteacheroftenasksusEnglishasaspossible.A.tospeak,many B.nottospeak,muchC.tospeak,much D.nottospeak,more(2001)Thechildrenareoftenaskedl