Unit 4 重點單詞 重點短語總結講義-高一英語外研版（2019）必修第二冊

必修二-外研版-Unit4重點單詞+重點短（總結）1.appealing.adj.有吸引力的，有趣的→appealvi.＆n.吸引；呼吁；懇求；上訴find...appealing覺得······有吸引力beappealingtosb.對某人有吸引力anappealingsenseofhumour吸引人的幽默感appealingdesign造型美麗；造型優(yōu)美appealto吸引，對······有吸引力；引起······的興趣；呼吁；上訴appealtosb.todosth.呼吁某人做某事appealtosb.forhelp向某人求助makeanappealtosb.forhelp呼吁／懇求某人幫助havenoappealforsb.對某人沒有吸引力appealcourt上訴法院appealagainst提出上訴2.definitely.adv.確切地，肯定地→definiteadj.明確的；確切的；肯定的definitelyneedsth.肯定需要某物bedefinitelyworthavisit絕對值得一游bedefinitelyworthdoing...絕對值得Definitely?。冢┊斎唬efinitelynot?。冢┊斎徊?！givesb.adefiniteanswer給某人一個明確的答復fixadefinitedate定一個確切的日期bedefiniteabout...對······有把握3.rude.adj.粗魯的，無禮的→rudely.adv.無禮地，粗暴地→rudeness.n.粗魯；無禮berudetosb.對某人粗魯／無禮appear／soundrude顯得／聽起來粗魯berudeinmanners=beinarudemanner舉止粗魯arudecomment/remark粗魯的評論／話Itisrude（ofsb.）todosth.（某人）做某事是粗魯的。Bepolitetosb.對某人有禮貌bekindtosb.對某人友好4.thenumberof...····的數量*對比：thenumberof/anumberof·thenumberof······的數量，修飾可數名詞復數作主語時，謂語動詞用單數；·anumberof許多的，大量的，修飾可數名詞復數作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。*其他表數量很多的短語有：·修飾可數名詞：agreat／goodmany，quiteafew;·修飾不可數名詞：agreatdealof，alargeamountof;·修飾可數或不可數名詞：alotof，lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof。5.transport.n.交通運輸系統(tǒng)，運輸方式vt.運輸；運送air/rail/roadtransport空中／鐵路／公路運輸ameansoftransport一種交通方式publictransport公共交通，公共交通工具travelon/bypublictransport乘坐公共交通工具出行haveone'sowntransport有自己的交通工具transport...(from...)to...對比：·transport指運輸的行為或交通工具；·traffic指路上行駛的車輛，如heavytraffic擁擠的交通。6.arrangement.n.安排，籌劃→arrange.vt.＆vi.安排，籌劃makearrangements／anarrangement（for）（為·····）做安排arriveat/cometoanarrangement談妥，達成協(xié)議travel/financial/weddingarrangements旅行／財務／婚禮安排anarrangementbetweentheschoolandtheparents學校和家長的一項約定arrangeforsth.安排某事arrangetodosth.安排做某事arrangesth.forsb.為某人安排某事arrangeforsb.todosth.安排某人做某事“安排某人做某事”不能說成arrangesb.todosth.7.disappointed.adj.失望的，沮喪的→Disappoint.vt.使失望→disappointing.adj.令人失望的→Disappointment.n.失望bedisappointedat／bysth.對某事感到失望bedisappointedwith/insb.對某人感到失望bedisappointedtodosth.因做某事而感到失望bedisappointedthat...因······而感到失望bitterly/deeply/terriblydisappointed極為失望adisappointingresult/performance一個令人失望的結果／演出toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是indisappointment失望地8.liveupto符合（標準），不負（盛名）liveupto one'sexpectations不辜負某人的期待liveuptoone’spromise履行諾言livethrough經歷······而幸存livewith忍受livea（n）...life過著······的生活liveon繼續(xù)活著或存在；僅以······為主食9.extent.n.程度tosomeextent(=toacertainextent/toanextent）在某種程度上towhatextent在多大程度上toagreat／largeextent在很大程度上toagreaterextent在更大程度上tosuchanextentthat.../totheextentthat...達到如此程度，以至于······／達到······的程度10.inone'sownright憑借自身，靠自己inone'sownright=onone'sownbeintheright（在別人的爭論中）有理havetherighttodosth.有權利做某事havenorighttodosth.無權利做某事havearighttobeangry/concerned有理由生氣／擔心11.original.adj.原先的,最初的；原作的；新穎的；獨創(chuàng)的；獨特的→origin.n.起源；起因；出身；來歷→originally.adv.起初theoriginalplan原先的計劃theoriginalowner原主人theoriginalwork原著theoriginalmeaningoftheword這個單詞的本義anoriginalidea獨到的見解ahighlyoriginaldesign非常獨特的設計inorigin在來源上placeoforigin原產地12．turnto轉向；求助于；致力于turntosb.forhelp/advice向某人求助／尋求建議turntoimprovingairquality致力于提高空氣質量turntotheleft／right向左／右拐turnaround／round轉身；扭頭turnup調高（音量等）；出現，到來turndown調低（音量等）；拒絕turnon打開（水、煤氣、電燈等）turnoff關掉（水、煤氣、電燈等）turnout結果是，證明是turnone’sbackon對······置之不理，對······撒手不管turnagainst（使）與······為敵，（使）反對turnin上交······13.awkward.adj.緊張的；不舒適的→awkwardly.adv.令人尷尬地；笨拙地→awkwardness.n.難堪anawkwardchild笨拙的孩子anawkwardexcuse拙劣的借口anawkwardsituation尷尬的境遇anawkwardquestion棘手的問題anawkwardinstrument使用不便的工具anawkwardcustomer難對付的家伙feelawkward感到尷尬beawkwardwith與······一起感到不自在beawkwardat／in在······方面技巧拙劣14.behave.v.表現behaviour→.n.(=behavior）行為；舉止→well-behavedadj.舉止良好的behave（very）badlytowards／to對······（很）不禮貌behavewell舉止良好behaveproperly舉止得體behavelike＋n.／pron.表現得像······behaveasif／though＋從句 表現得好behaveoneself舉止得體，行為規(guī)矩拓展：socialbehaviour社會行為consumerbehaviour消費者行為15.normal.adj.正常的，平常的n.通常標準；常態(tài)→normally.adv.正常地；通?！鷄bnormaladj.不正常的，反常的Itisnormal(forsb.)todosth.（對某人來說）做某事是正常的。above/belownormal正常標準之上／之下returnto／bebacktonormal恢復正常undernormalcircumstances一般情況下比較：common/ordinary/usual/normal/regular·common指“共有的，公共的；共同的；常見的”。反義詞為mon作“普通的”講時可與ordinary換用。如ordinarypeople“普通人”也可以說成commonmon還可用作名詞，have...incommonwithsb.意為“與某人有······共同之處”；·ordinary意為“普通的，平淡無奇的”，指沒有什么特別的地方；·usual意為“平常的，通常的，一向的”，含慣例之意；·normal意為“正常的”；·regular意為“有規(guī)律的，定期的”。16.responsibility.n.責任→responsible.adj.有責任的，負責的→responsibly.adv.負責地→irresponsible.adj.不負責任的asenseofresponsibility責任感haveresponsibilityfor(doing)sth.有（做）某事的責任takeresponsibilityfor(doing)sth.對（做）某事負責；承擔（做）某事的責任takefullresponsibilityfor承擔······的全部責任theresponsibilitytodosth.做某事的責任beresponsiblefor對······負責；是······的原因對比：beresponsiblefor/beresponsibleto·beresponsibleforsth.／sb.對······負責·beresponsibletosb.向（主管者或上級）承擔責任Itisone＇sresponsibilitytodosth. 做某事是某人的職責。17.absence.n.缺乏，沒有→absent.adj.缺席的；心不在焉的in／duringone’sabsence在某人不在時intheabsenceof因缺乏······absencefrom缺乏，沒有；不在······拓展：intelligentadj.→intelligencen.differentadj.→differencen.confidentadj.→confidencen.presentadj.→presencen.beabsentfrom缺席······absent-minded.adj.心不在焉的18.energetic.adj.精力充沛的，充滿活力的，積極的→energyn.精力，活力beenergeticindoingsth.積極做某事anenergetictennisplayer一位精力充沛的網球選手feelenergetic覺得精力充沛（be）fullofenergy［＝（be）energetic］精力充沛havetheenergytodosth.有精力做某事pply/devoteone'senergiesto把某人的精力花在······上19.edge.n.邊緣ontheedgeofone’sseat極為激動(字面義就是“在椅子的邊緣”，但它有引中義。在觀看電影、戲劇或比賽時，什么情況下會讓你坐在椅子的邊緣？當然是心情非常激動時)onedge緊張不安，煩躁attheedgeof在······的邊緣·attheedgeof不特指在物體的表面之上·ontheedgeof指在物體的表面之上，也指某事快要發(fā)生（尤指不好的事情）。attheedgeofwater在水邊ontheedgeofacliff在懸崖邊上20.emotion.n.強烈的情感→emotional.adj.情緒上的；情感上的→emotionally.adv.情緒上地；情感上地fullofemotion充滿感情amixtureofemotions百感交集expressmixedemotions表達復雜的感情emotionalharm情感傷害emotionalshock情感上的打擊emotionalexperience情感經歷emotionalsupport情感支柱emotionallydamagedchildren感情上受傷害的孩子21.anger.n.憤怒，怒火vt.激怒→angry.adj.生氣的→angrily.adv.生氣地inanger生氣地showone’sanger發(fā)泄怒氣holdbackone’sanger抑制某人的怒火befilledwithanger=befullofanger滿腔怒火toone’sanger使某人生氣的是contain／controlone’sanger強壓怒火angersb.激怒某人beangrywith／atsb.生某人的氣beangryat／aboutsth.因為某事而生氣22.grief.n.悲痛→grieve.vt.&vi.悲痛，苦惱withgrief悲痛地beovercomewithgrief悲痛欲絕controlone’sgrief抑制某人的悲痛cometogrief遭受不幸，失敗，被毀Goodgrief！哎呀！天哪！23.combine.v.（使）結合，（使）組合→combined.adj.結合的，聯(lián)合的→combination.n.結合，聯(lián)合combineAwith/andB把A和B結合起來combinewith與······結合combineagainst聯(lián)合起來反對··.···combinetodosth.聯(lián)合起來做某事incombinationwith與······結合／聯(lián)合*combine意為“使兩個或兩個以上的事物組合（結合）在一起”，為避免語意重復，句子中不再用into，together等表示“聚合”的介詞或副詞。combine...with中的with不能用to代替。24.tickalltherightboxes事情發(fā)展如人所愿，一切順利*從本義來看，tickalltherightboxes表示“在所有正確的方框內打鉤”，延伸開來，說明所有的事情都非常正確、順順利利。25.grateful.adj.感謝的，感激的→gratefully.adv.感激地；感謝地begratefultosb.forsth.因某事而感激某人begratefultodosth.因做某事而感激begratefulthat...感激···..·-Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould／would...=Iwouldappreciateitifyoucould/would...-如果你能······我將感激不盡。（用于提出請求）bethankfultosb.for（doing）sth.為（做）某事感謝某人26.extremely.adv.極度，極其→extreme.adj.極度的Extremelycold/dangerous極其寒冷的／危險的Extremelyuseful非常有用；極有用的Extremelyhigh非常高的Extremelyanxious非常焦慮Extremelypainful極度疼痛／痛苦的Extremelydifficult極其困難的Extremesports極限運動Extremecare／caution極其小心Extremeweather極端的天氣Extremecircumstances極端情況拓展：extreme熟詞生義：n.極端；極限gotoextremes走極端intheextreme極度，非常27.overcome.v.控制（感情），克服（困難）Overcomedifficulties/badhabits克服困難／改掉惡習Overcomethefear克服恐懼Overcomedisadvantages克服劣勢Overcomeobstacles克服障礙Overcomeinjury戰(zhàn)勝傷痛beovercomewithemotions/excitement/horror/grief因情感／興奮／恐怖／悲傷而不能自持28.absorbed.adj.專心致志的→absorb.vt.吸收；使并入；承受；理解；使全神貫注→absorbing.adj.引人入勝的beabsorbedin＝absorboneselfin全神貫注于······，被······吸引seemtotally/completelyabsorbedin似乎完全被······吸引*“全神貫注于／專心于”的表達法：focus/concentrateonfocus/fix/concentrateone'smind/attentiononkeepone'smindonloseoneselfin(=belostin)buryoneselfin(=beburiedin)putone'sheartintodevoteoneselftoapplyoneselfto29.absolutely.adv.完全地，絕對地→absolute.adj.絕對的；完全的absolutelyimpossible絕對不可能absolutelyright完全正確absolutelynecessary絕對必要haveabsolutelynoexperience完全沒有經驗Absolutely?。冢┱牵‘斎?！Absolutelynot?。冢┙^對不行！當然不！30.(be)basedon...以······為基礎／根據aneconomybasedonfarming.以農業(yè)為基礎的經濟（be）basedonfact.以事實為基礎base...in...以···為據點；把（總部等）*base還可用作名詞，意為“底部；基礎；基地”。atthebaseof在······底部；在······基礎上haveabroadbaseofthemasses有廣泛的群眾基礎returntotheairbase返回空軍基地31.brief.adj.短暫的→briefly.adv.簡要地；短暫地makeabriefspeech作簡短的演說abriefvisit短暫的訪問abriefstay短暫的停留abriefsilence暫時的沉默abrieftitle一個簡短的標題abriefdescription簡要的描述拓展：brieflyspeaking＝tobebrief＝inbrief簡言之--Inbrief／Tobebrief／Brieflyspeaking，hewashappywiththeresult.-簡言之，他對結果很滿意。inshort總之，簡言之insummary總之，概括來說ingeneral總的來說inaword總之，簡言之allinall總的說來onthewhole總的來說32．alltoooften時常，經常是*alltoooften又作onlytoooften。--Alltoooften，doctorsaretoobusytoexplainthetreatmenttotheirpatients.-有很多時候，醫(yī)生忙得沒時間對他們的病人解釋治療方法。拓展：quite／veryoften經常everysooften有時，偶爾asoftenasnot(=moreoftenthannot)（口語）通常，往往，一貫It’snotoften（that）...······不是常事。33.resultin結果為；導致asaresult結果，因此asaresultof由于·······Hemadeonebigmistake.Asaresult,helosthisjob.-他犯了一個大錯，結果丟了工作?！elosthisjobasaresultofmakingonebigmistake.-他由于犯了一個大錯而丟了工作?！isillnessresultedfromthecoldweather.-他的病是天氣寒冷所致。·Thecoldweatherresultedinhisillness.-天氣寒冷致使他生病了。34.escape.v.（從危險或糟糕的處境中）逃離，逃避，擺脫n.逃脫；逃走escapefrom／to逃離／逃往escapefromprison越獄逃跑escapeoutofaburninghouse從燃燒著的房子里逃出來narrowlyescape差點沒逃脫escapebeingpunished逃脫被懲罰escapedeath死里逃生escapeone'sattention/notice逃過某人的注意；被某人忽視haveanarrowescape死里逃生makeone’sescape逃跑*熟詞生義：escape.vi.（氣體、液體等）漏出.vt.被忘掉，被忽視，未被注意（不用于被動語態(tài)）preventheatescaping阻止熱氣跑掉35.aspect.n.方面animportantaspect.一個重要方面.inthis／thataspect在這／那方面inmanyaspects在許多方面ineveryaspect(ofsth.)/inallaspects(ofsth.）在（······的）各個方面fromeveryaspect從各個方面36.(be)fullofconfidence充滿信心(be)fullofgrief充滿悲痛(be)f