焊接專業(yè)英語

焊接專業(yè)英語上學(xué)期考試重點(diǎn)（石油）漢譯英工程材料engineeringmaterials鑄造缺陷castingdefect凝固solidify金屬間化合物inter-metalliccompound尺寸精度dimensionalaccuracy冷隔coldshut固定成本fixedcost彈性變形elasticdeformation細(xì)晶組織finegrainstructure壓鑄pressforging型芯座coreprint澆不足misrun黑色金屬ferrousmaterials有色金屬non-ferrousmaterials延伸率ratioofelongation斷面收縮率reductioninarea固溶體solidsolution離心鑄造centrifugalcasting力學(xué)性能mechanicalproperty金屬熱處理工藝heattreatmentprocessofmetals結(jié)晶crystallization表面光潔度surfacefinish造型moulding可變成本variablecost塑性變形plasticdeformation粗晶組織coarse-grainedstructure砂型鑄造sandcasting澆注系統(tǒng)gatingsystem孕育處理inoculationtreatment名詞解釋（中文）Stress單位面積上的應(yīng)力nucleation結(jié)晶過程中首先形成的晶體胚芽eutectictransformation（共晶轉(zhuǎn)變）一定溫度下，一定成分液體同時(shí)結(jié)晶出兩種不同成分和不同晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的固相的過程eutectoidtransformation（共析轉(zhuǎn)變）兩種或以上的固相（新相）從同一固相（母相）中一起析出而發(fā)生的相變austenite碳在γFe中形成的間隙固溶體。normalizing將工件加熱到727-912攝氏度之間40—60分鐘保溫一段時(shí)間后在空氣中冷卻的金屬熱處理工藝去除內(nèi)應(yīng)力pattern仿真鑄件形狀形成鑄型型腔的工藝裝備或易耗件greenstrength材料在潮濕狀態(tài)下測試強(qiáng)度drystrength材料在干燥狀態(tài)下測試強(qiáng)度shrinkagecavity鑄件最后凝固的區(qū)域沒有得到液態(tài)金屬的補(bǔ)縮而形成分散和細(xì)小的縮孔shrinkageporosity（縮孔）液態(tài)金屬由于凝固過程中體積收縮形成的小孔fettling澆注完成后鑄件的清理draftallowance（拔模斜度）為了讓工件更好的脫離模具而認(rèn)為設(shè)計(jì)的拔模角strain材料在承受應(yīng)力時(shí)產(chǎn)生的單位長度變形量graingrowth金屬或合金晶粒隨溫度而長大的現(xiàn)象pearlite鐵素體和滲碳體組成的機(jī)械混合物annealing（退火）將金屬加熱到一定溫度，保持足夠時(shí)間然后以適宜速度冷卻目的降低硬度消除參與應(yīng)力riser（冒口）為避免鑄件出現(xiàn)缺陷而附加在鑄件上方或側(cè)面的補(bǔ)充部分hottears一種常見的焊接缺陷machiningallowance（加工余量）加工過程中在工件表面所切去的金屬層厚度，毛坯尺寸與零件圖設(shè)計(jì)尺寸之差句子翻譯=1\*GB3①Adetailedunderstandingofthemanufacturingprocessesisthusessentialforeveryengineer。Thishelpshimappreciatethecapabilities，advantagesandalsothelimitationsofthevariousmanufacturingprocesses。=2\*GB3②Ferrousmaterialsareextensivelyusedintheengineeringindustrybecauseoftheirsuperiority，rangeofmechanicalpropertiesandlowercosts。=3\*GB3③Whengraphiteispresentassmall，roundandwell-distributedparticles，itsweakeningeffectissmall，thistypeofcastironiscalledductileiron.=4\*GB3④Theactualvalueofshrinkagedependsonvariousfactorsspecifictoaparticularcasting,namely,theactualcompositionofthealloycast,,mouldmaterialsused,moulddesign,complexityofthepatternandthecomponentsize.=5\*GB3⑤Asaresultofthemovablecore,withdiecastingmethodcanproducemorecomplexthanpermanentmouldcasting..=6\*GB3⑥Oneoftheimportantresponsibilitiesoftheengineeristofindawaytomeetthequalityandtechnicalrequirementsoftheproductatthelowestpossiblecost.=7\*GB3⑦Inallnon-ferrousalloys,aluminium,copperandtheiralloysaremostwidelyusedinengineeringfortheirspecific/specialproperties.=8\*GB3⑧Whengraphiteincastironisintheformofsheet,,itwilldestroythecontinuityofcastironandreduceitsstrength..Thiskindofcastironiscalledgrayiron.=9\*GB3⑨Thedimensionalaccuracyandsurfacefinishachievedbynormalsand-castingprocesswouldnotbeadequateforfinalapplicationinmanycases.=10\*GB3⑩Anidealgatingsystemshouldensurethemouldshouldbecompletelyfilledinthesmallesttimepossiblewithouthavingtoraisethemetaltemperaturesorusehighermetalheads.=1\*GB3①Theliquidalloyisfilledwithamould,andtheabilitytoobtainthecorrectsizeandshapeofthecastingisknownasthefillingablityoftheliquidalloy.=2\*GB3②Designersmustconsidertherequirementwhichisthelimitationsofthecastingandcastingprocessforthecastingstructurewhentheydesignthestructureforthesandcasting.填空=1\*GB3①制造工藝分類（casting,forming,fabrication(裝配),materialremoval去除【process】）=2\*GB3②形變種類（elastic，plastic【deformation】）=3\*GB3③含碳量增加對鋼性能影響(tensile拉伸strengthisincreased,greaterhardnessisobtained,ductilityisdecreased，weldabilityisdecreased)=4\*GB3④模樣余量的種類(shrinkage，finishormachining，draft，,shake，distortion形變【allowance】)=5\*GB3⑤產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)過程(Designingforeconomicalmoulding，Designingforeliminatingdefects消除)=6\*GB3⑥強(qiáng)度(Theresistanceofferedbyamaterialonapplicationofexternalforceiscalledstrength,thestrengthcouldbetensile拉compressive壓orshear.剪切)=7\*GB3⑦Grainsizeachievedbynucleation形核andgrowth.長大=8\*GB3⑧奧氏體Theface-centredmodificationofironiscalledausteniteorγ-iron.=9\*GB3⑨Partingline分型線是組成砂型的兩個(gè)砂箱之間的分割線。=10\*GB3⑩Castingterms（flask砂箱drag下箱cope上箱cheek中箱pattern模樣partingline分型線bottomboard底板facingsand面砂mouldingsand型砂backingsandcore型芯pouringbasin外澆口spure直澆道runner橫澆道gate澆口chaplet芯撐chill冷鐵riser冒口mouldcavity型腔）=1\*GB3①Theelementsofgatingsystem(pouringbasin，sprue，spruebasewell，runner，runnerextension)=2\*GB3②Shrinkagecavities（縮孔）在鑄造中由發(fā)生在在凝固過程中的液態(tài)收縮導(dǎo)致形成。Thesearecausedbytheliquidshrinkageoccurringduringthesolidificationofthecasting.Tocompensatethis，properfeedingofliquidmetalisrequiredasalsopropercastingdesign.=3\*GB3③Pattern(sandcasting,shellmoulding,precisioninvestmentcasting精密)=4\*GB3④特種鑄造(shellmoulding,precisioninvestmentcasting精密,permanentmouldcasting硬模,diecasting,vacuumdiecasting真空壓鑄,low-pressurediecasting低壓,centrifugalcasting,continuouscasting連續(xù),squeezecasting擠壓)=5\*GB3⑤Hardnessandhardnesstess(Hardnessistheresistanceofferedbyamaterialtoindentation壓痕.Brinellhardnesstest，Rockwelltasts)=6\*GB3⑥Theunitlatticestructures晶格結(jié)構(gòu)(body-centredcubic,face-centred，cubic,hexagonallyclosepacked)=7\*GB3⑦鑄造缺陷(Gasdefects，shrinkagecavities，mouldingmaterialdefects，pouringmetaldefacts，metallurgicaldefects冶金)=8\*GB3⑧ferrite鐵素體（Thestructuralformofpureironatroomtemperature.）=9\*GB3⑨銅合金性能=10\*GB3⑩Castinginsandcasting（greensandcores，drysandcores）=1\*GB3①runner橫澆道（Itisgenerallylocatedinthehorizontalplane（partingplane），whichconnectsthespruetoitsin-gates，thusallowingthemetalenterthemouldcavity.）=2\*GB3②Arrangementfortrappingslag=3\*GB3③Hottear熱裂（Hottearsareformedinthecastingsbecauseofthedifferentialcoolingratesandthelowstrengthofmetalathighertemperatures.）?題型一、Vocabulary(30points)1.TranslatethefollowingwordsorphrasesintoEnglish2.Herearesometechnicalterms,pleasedefinetheminthemannerusedinChinese二、Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatewordsorphrases(20points)三、Multiplechoice.Thecorrectanswerindicatedbyasign〝√〞(20points)四、Translation(30points)?Sentences(toEnglish)?Paragraphs(toChinese)要求1.詞匯工程材料鑄造缺陷凝固金屬間化合物尺寸精度冷隔固定成本彈性變形細(xì)晶組織壓鑄型芯座澆不足黑色金屬有色金屬延伸率斷面收縮率固溶體離心鑄造力學(xué)性能金屬熱處理工藝結(jié)晶固溶體表面光潔度造型可變成本塑性變形粗晶組織砂型鑄造澆注系統(tǒng)孕育處理2.基本概念stressnucleationeutectictransformationaustenitenormalizingpatterngreenstrengthshrinkagecavityfettlingdraftallowancestraingraingrowtheutectoidtransformationpearliteannealingriserdrystrengthshrinkageporosityhottearsmachiningallowance1.Classificationofmanufacturingprocesses2.Deformationtypes3.Stress-straincurve.Mechanicalpropertiesindicators4.Thepropertiesofsteelareinfluencedsignificantlybyanincreaseincarboncontent5.Thetypesofpatternallowances6.Theproductdesignprocess(1)Designingforeconomicalmoulding;(2)Designingforeliminatingdefects7.Strength8.Grainsizeachievedby9.Austenite10.Aluminiumalloysproperties11.Partingline12.Castingterms13.Theelementsofgatingsystem(sprue,runner,riser)14.Shrinkagecavities15.Pattern(sandcasting,shellmoulding,precisioninvestmentcasting)16.Spec