英語構詞法總結

英語構詞法總結英語構詞法總結英語構詞法總結xxx公司英語構詞法總結文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計，管理制度構詞法

前綴：通常改變詞義后綴：通常改變詞性a-:amoral不道德的apathy無情dis:dishonest,disappear,disloyal,disorderin/ir/il/im:incorrectinjusticeimpossibleillegalirregularnon:non-scientistnon-smokernon-stopun:unhappy,unreal,unofficial,unfair

3）貶義前綴mal-,mis-,pseudo-(偽…,假…)maltreat，malfunction機能失常，malnutritionmislead,misinform,misfortunepseudoscientific,pseudo-realismwell:well-known,well-informed5)表示態(tài)度或傾向的前綴anti-(反對，防止)：antiwar,antiaircraft防空襲的contra-(反對，相反)：contradict,contra-dancecounter-(反對，相反)：counteraction反作用pro-(親，贊成)：pro-American,pro-slavery6)表示時間或順序ex-表示前任的，從前的：ex-wife,ex-presidentfore-前，先：forefather,forethought深謀遠慮post-后的：post-war,postgraduatepre-前的：pre-war,prematurere-再：remarriage,reconsider7)表示地點的前綴extra-以外的：extra-official,extralegalfore-在前邊:forehead,forefather,foretellinter-在…之間:international,interschooltele-遠距離的:telecommunication,telescopetrans-穿越:transplantin-內,里:inside,inland,invadesuper-在…之上:superstructure上層建筑8)表數(shù)字的前綴uni-（統(tǒng)一的）：uniform,unisex(男女皆宜的)mono-(單一):monologue,monoxide一氧化碳bi-(二個):bicycle,bi-lingualdi-(雙倍的，兩重的):dialogue,dioxide二氧化碳multi-(多的)：multimediasemi-（半的）semiautomatic半自動的hemi-(半的):hemisphere半球tri-(三個)：triangle,tricolor三色旗centi-(百分之一)：centimeter厘米，centigram厘克有些前綴可改變詞性a-,be-,en/em-asleep,awakebefriend,belovedenforce,enable,endanger,encourage,enrich,enlarge常用后綴1.指人的后綴-eer:engineer,pioneer,volunteer-er/or:singer,teacher,visitor,actor-ess:actress,hostess-ster:youngster,gangster-an,ian,ese國家的人：Australian,American-ant,ent:assistant,applicant,dependant-ician:electrician,technician-ist:scientist,communist,typist,chemist-ism:socialism,realism2.名詞的后綴-age,-al,-ion/-sion/-ation/-tion,-dom,-hood,-ity,-ment,-ness,-ship,-th,-ty,-ure,-ics,-logy3.形容詞的后綴名詞變形容詞：-ed,-ful,-ish,-less,-like,-ly,-y,-c,-ous動詞變形容詞：-able/ible:arguable,permissible-tive/sive:talkative,decisive4.副詞的后綴－ly,-ward/wards5.動詞的后綴-ate:attribute,calculate-en:blacken,redden,broaden,deepen-ify:beautify,certify,modify-ize/ise:analyze,modernize名詞可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式：1.－s2.以s,x,ch,sh,+es3.以輔音字母+y結尾的，變y為i+es.4.o+es:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoesa.以兩個元音結尾的，+s例如：bamboo,zoo,radio,studio,shampoob.外來詞+s：photo,piano,kilo,tobacco,memo,auto5.以f/fe結尾的，變f/fe為ve,+sleaf,wife,knife,half,thief,wolf,shelf,life有的直接+sroof,cliff,proof,chief,gulf,belief6.不規(guī)則man-menwoman-womentooth-teethfoot-feetchild-childrengoose-geesemouse-miceox-oxena.外來詞（仍保持原有復數(shù)形式）phenomenon-phenomenacriterion-criteriaformula-formulaethesis-thesesbasis-basesanalysis-analysescrisis-crisesmedium-mediacurriculum-curriculab.單復同形Chinese,Japanese,aircraft,sheep,deer,swine豬，means,series,shark7.合成的名詞，只將里面所含的主體名詞變成復數(shù)lookers-on,runners-up亞軍，sons-in-law,grandchildren如沒有主體名詞，在最后一詞后+復數(shù)詞尾drawbacks缺陷由man,woman構成的合成名詞，里面所有的成份+復數(shù)men-servantswomendoctors8.有些名詞常以復數(shù)出現(xiàn)a.scissors,trousers,pants,shorts,shoes,spectacles,glassesb.以ing結尾的：belongings,surroundings,doings,savings,findings,earnings,stockingsc.contents目錄，arms武器,statistics統(tǒng)計資料，fireworks,thanks,clothes,valuables,headquartersd.有些名詞在詞組takepainstodo,makepreparations,makearrangements,giveregardsto,beatoddswith與…不和，giverespectsto,beinhighspirits9.有些不可數(shù)名詞，有時也可用復數(shù)。experiences,failures,hopesandfears10.與數(shù)詞連用的名詞，復數(shù)仍保持單數(shù)形式。twodozeneggs,twohun