BBC-life生命中英文字幕全集-最

第一集：生命的挑戰(zhàn)我們的星球Ourplanetmaybehome大約是3千多萬種動植物的家to30milliondifferentkindsofanimalsandplants.每個物種都會為生存而奮斗一生Eachindividuallockedinitsownlife-longfightforsurvival.無論你將目光投向何方，陸地還是海洋Everywhereyoulook總會看至U為生存而戰(zhàn)的壯觀事例examplesofthelengthslivingthingsgototostayalive.這里是弗羅里達海岸ThisisthecoastofFlorida.海床上奇怪的圖案Here暗示著某種動物獨特的戰(zhàn)術(shù)hintatoneanimal'sremarkablestrategy.它們是寬吻海豚Thesearebottlenosedolphins地球上最聰明的動物之一oneofthemostintelligentanimalsonEarth.它們的獵物是迅速、靈巧的魚Theirpreyisveryelusive但是海豚們進化出了一種全新的捕獵技巧Butthedolphinshaveinventedacompletelynewwayofhunting.通過用力向下拍尾巴，將淤泥攪動起來Bybeatingitstaildownhard再通過繞圈游動Andbyswimminginatightcircle用渾濁的泥水將——大群魚包圍起來itcreatesaringofmushroomingmudaroundashoaloffish.再像收網(wǎng)一樣縮小包圍圈Thecontractingringtrapsthefishjustlikeanet.由于恐慌，小魚們四下亂跳Panicked海豚們張嘴以待，很多魚落入口中Rightintotheopenmouthsofthewaitingdolphins.通過默契的組織、協(xié)作Againandagain海豚們造出一個接一個的包圍圈beforetheyalllineupwithperfecttiming.這群海豚這種優(yōu)勢在這個適者生存的世界里Thissortofadvantagemaymeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath也許就決定著生或死inthesurvivalofthefittest.這些事例能顯示出動植物Thisseriesrevealsthemostspectacularandextraordinary——些奇特而又壯觀的生存策略strategiesthatanimalsandplantshavedevelopedtostayalive.對任何物種來說必須克服，然后生存下來allofwhichmustbeovercome肯尼亞頂級獵手Thesupremehunters.獵豹?？克俣炔东CCheetahsspecialiseinhuntingatspeed.盡管很快它們天生只能捕捉小型獵物builttosprintaftersmallprey.它們不具備像獅子那樣的力量和體重Theydon'thavethestrengthorweightofalion來撲倒大型獵物tobringdownlargeranimals.這只公豹是不同的Thismaleisdifferent.并不單獨捕獵，它明白“豹多力量大”的道理Hedoesn'thuntalone.He'slearntthatthereisstrengthinnumbers.而且不只兩頭，而是三頭Butheretherearenotjusttwo兄弟連Abandofbrothers.它們改變戰(zhàn)術(shù)Theyhavechangedtheirtacticsand對獵物發(fā)動偷襲havetakentheirpreybysurprise.它們學會了只要團結(jié)合作Theyhavelearntthatworkingtogether就能捕捉大的獵物theycanbringdownlargeprey.鴕鳥Anostrich.一種遠比獵豹高大而且?guī)缀醣人鼈冎貎杀兜镍BAbirdthattowersoveracheetahandismorethantwiceasheavy.雖然逃跑時不能飛，但擁有致命的“彈腿一踢"Itcan'tflytoescapedanger一只雌鴕鳥沒有留意到任何危險Afemale即便三頭豹子，也要冒較高的風險Evenwiththreeofthemthisisstillhighlyrisky.如果有一頭受傷，另兩頭是搞不定這么大的獵物的Ifonegetsinjuredtheothertwocouldn'thopetotacklesuchlargeprey.反之，如果這筆買賣成了Ontheotherhand回報是相當豐厚的arehuge.雄鴕鳥已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一頭豹子，只是一頭Themalehasspottedoneofthebrothers它并沒有怎么擔心It'snottooworried.忽然變成三頭！Thensuddenlytherearethree!雌鴕鳥意識到危險時，已經(jīng)有點晚了Thefemaleisslowertorealisethedanger獵豹也改變了目標andthecheetahsswitchtargets.必須將三頭豹子的力量全部聯(lián)合起來才能制服這種大鳥Ittakesthecombinedeffortandweightofallthreebrotherstobringdownthispowerfulbird.即便此時，鴕鳥也會發(fā)出最后一擊Evennowtheostrichcouldlandafatalkick.現(xiàn)在，豹子們贏了Sofar鴕鳥們則必須學會應(yīng)付這種攻擊策略O(shè)stricheshaveyettofindawaytofoilsuchtactics.其它動物也進化出了類似的集體戰(zhàn)術(shù)Otheranimalshavealsoevolvedsurprisingtacticstooutmanoeuvre它們的對手，不但有驚人的力量，還有特殊的武器theenemy馬達加斯加Madagascar.——個捉摸不透的奇怪地方Astrangeworldwherenothingisquiteasitseems.在這里捕獵需要詭秘和花招Tohunthererequiresstealthandsubterfuge.在這些樹林里生存的一定是偽裝大師Andlivingwithinthetreesisamasterofambush.螳蟲郎Apreyingmantis.良好的偽裝、輕巧的身手Wellcamouflagedandlightningquick這種昆蟲是高效的獵手theseinsectsarehighlyefficientpredators.但即便它全副武裝Buteventheyareoutgunned.變色龍Achameleon.它的偽裝極其出色，因為它能夠改變皮膚顏色與環(huán)境一致Itscamouflageisexceptionalbecauseitcanchangeitsskincolourtomatchitssurroundings.它的兩眼能獨立轉(zhuǎn)動，偵測獵物Itseyesmoveindependentlytospotprey.悄悄地向目標爬行，直到進入攻擊范圍Itcreepstowardstoitsvictim然后使出超級武器Thenitunleashesasuperweapon.它的舌頭能以15米/秒的速度彈射而出Itstongueshootsoutat15metrespersecond.擊中目標同時能將其牢牢黏住Andnotonlyhits不過很少的獵手能彳^到百戰(zhàn)百勝Butfewhuntersarealwayssuccessful.它們捕獵只為果腹Forthemahuntisjustonemeal.但對被捕者而言就慘了Forprey非生即死It'slife...ordeath.南極洲由春入夏時，那些一度冰封的海灣得以解凍AsAntarcticamovesfromspringintosummer動物們開始覓食Andanimalsmoveintofeed.南極食蟹海豹Thesearecrabeaterseals.它們并非真的吃螃蟹，而是捕食這片水域里以數(shù)十億集群的小蝦Theydon'tactuallyeatcrabs這些海豹躺在大的浮冰上是比較安全的Restingonalargeicefloe一旦下水，就得十分警惕Butassoonastheyenterthewater事出有因forgoodreason.虎鯨（逆戟鯨）Killerwhales.在南極許多虎鯨只吃魚HereinAntarctica但這一群不同，它們專獵食海豹Butthesewhalesaredifferent這只海豹下水后，沒意識到危險正迎頭襲來Thissealswimmingtoopenwaterisunawareofthedangerheadinghisway.直到現(xiàn)在Untilnow.這次真的麻煩了，無法逃脫除非躲在這塊小浮冰后面He'sinrealtrouble.Thereisnoescapeunlesshecanhidebehindthissmallpieceoffloatingice.但它已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，并被包圍Buthe'sbeenspottedandsurrounded.就看夠不夠敏捷了Nowagilityishisonlychance.拼命地閃躲，不肯離開冰塊半步Hedodgesforhislife它已累壞了He'stiring.虎鯨們縮小包圍圈，準備吃掉它Andthewhalestightenthecircle但捕食者們并不是每次都能如愿Buthuntersdon'talwaysgettheirownway.最后，海豹的決心和技巧Intheend利用冰塊作掩護，保住了性命theiceforprotection虎鯨們則繼續(xù)遠征Andthewhalesmoveon.最近的觀察得知Recentlyit'sbeenobservedthatkillerwhales虎鯨們在捕食其它種類的海豹時成功率更高aremuchmoresuccessfulwhenhuntingothertypesofseal.像這只食蟹海豹，備戰(zhàn)太充分了Crabeaterslikethisputuptoomuchofafight.生活在開放水域的生物貝U沒地方躲避Forcreatureslivingintheopenoceanthereisnowheretohidefrompredators.群體生活則相對安全Butthereissafetyinnumbers.有一種魚進化出了獨特的逃跑方法Onefish完全離開水面經(jīng)過一番努力的空中飛行Afterahugeefforttogetairborne飛魚可以滑翔200米，來逃脫捕食者的追逐canglide200metresorso并非所有生物都是獵手，有些食素Notallanimalsarehunters但即便是動植物之間，關(guān)系也會相當緊張Butthebattlebetweenanimalsandplantscanalsobeintense.BoaVista這個山谷布滿了奇形怪狀的石頭Thisvalleyispepperedwithstrangelypittedrocks.這些并非自然形成的，而是動植物長期斗爭的產(chǎn)物Thesearenotnaturalformationsbutthelegacyofalongstrugglebetweenoneanimalandoneplant.棕毛僧猴晚上它們在安全的洞里過夜Theyspendtheirnightsinthesafetyofcaves早晨貝U出來覓食emergingeachmorningtofindfood.特另1J喜歡下至U山谷里Downinthevalleyisaparticularfavourite.椰果Anutpalm.果實里種子很大很多防止饑餓的動物們?nèi)∈硉hatprotectthemagainstattackfromhungryanimals.對猴子來說這是一場消耗戰(zhàn)Forthecapuchinsthisisawarofattrition.它們挑出成熟的果子第一步是撕開果子表面的粗纖維Thefirstjobistotearthetoughfibroushuskfromthenut.它并不是直接將果實掰開Hedoesn'ttrytocrackthenutstraightaway而是將它放在地上butdropsittotheground.它知道一周后果實就會被太陽曬干He'slearntthatanutshouldbegivenaweekorsodryinginthesun.這些是它先前準備好的Theseareoneshepreparedearlier.敲打，看是否已經(jīng)好了Hetapsthemtoseeifthey'reready.這個大石塊就是它的工具Thishugeflatrockishisanvil.錘子Andthisisahammer.這種石頭比錘子還要堅硬It'smadeofadifferentandmuchharderrockthantheanvil.奇跡就要發(fā)生了Nowsomethingextraordinaryhappens.棕毛僧猴禾U用石塊Thecapuchins'useofthesestonetoolsrequiresanexceptionallevel需要極高的技巧、智商和計劃ofintelligence果殼最終破裂，露出含油豐富的種子Thenutfinallycracksandexposesarich小猴子觀察并模仿如果它們想要自立Iftheyaretobecomeindependent就得學會如何打開這些硬果theymustlearntocracktheirownnuts.但是學習的過程相當漫長，充滿沮喪Butthelearningprocessislong它們很早就知道想要成功Theylearnearlyonthattodoajobproperly就得有合適的工具youneedtherighttool.一般要花上八年時間才能練成這精湛的技藝Itcantakeeightyearsforacapuchintomasterthisart攻破椰果堅不可摧的防線andovercomethepalm'sformidabledefences.但有些植物反敗為勝，專吃動物Butsomeplantshaveturnedthetablesandfeedonanimals.這是一個極度精巧的陷阱Thisisahighlysophisticatedtrap.Thebait盤子的周圍布滿了香甜的蜜汁sugarynectararoundtherimofthedisc.一旦碰到了這些小刺中的兩根，就發(fā)動了機關(guān)Thetriggers一只蒼蠅受不了這顏色和香味兒的誘惑Thevictim一根One.兩根Two.一旦觸發(fā)，籠子迅速合攏，蒼蠅無法逃脫Whentriggered維納斯捕蠅草現(xiàn)在慢慢地消化食物TheVenusflytrapnowslowlydigestsitsvictim.生存的挑戰(zhàn)不僅僅在于覓食Life'schallengesaremorethanjustfindingfood.每種動物都會有繁育期Ineveryanimal'slifetherecomesatimewhenitsmindturnstobreeding.有種生物的表現(xiàn)令人驚異Onecreature'sapproachismind-boggling.馬來群島Malaysia.這種奇怪的昆蟲一直蟄伏在森林的地表Thisstrangeinsecthasbeenlyingdormantontheforestfloor.一旦樹上安全了，這些雄蟲就躲進樹葉中，開始奇特的變形Oncesafeinthetrees有個特征顯示出祖先和后代的差別Onethatwillmakethedifferencebetweenfatheringoffspringornot.它開始大口地空氣進入頭部Hebeginsbygulpinginairbubbles然后把氣泡擠到"眼棒"里去Hethenpumpsthebubblesintothestalkssupportinghiseyes就像吹氣球一樣justlikeblowingupaballoon.這也使它得至U了這個名字：Andthisiswhatearnsthesecreaturestheirname棒眼蠅thestalk-eyedfly.最后只需斗各褶皺不肖不肖抹平Afewfinaladjustmentstostraightenoutanyremainingcreases它已經(jīng)準備好了andhe'sreadyforaction.看起來好像有些笨重，但這種“棒眼”不但可以更有利于發(fā)現(xiàn)天敵Theymaylookunwieldy也是贏得異性青睞的關(guān)鍵tospotpredators夜間雌雄聚集，雄蟲們開始逐對逐對比較眼睛的尺寸Intheeveningbothmalesandfemalesgatherandthemalesbegintosizeoneanotherup眼距最寬的得至U最高的優(yōu)先權(quán)Havingthewidesteyespanputsyouatthetopofthepeckingorder.棒眼不是武器，而是標尺Theeyestalksarenotweapons衡量雄蟲的強壯程度usedtogaugehowbig如果兩只頭號雄蟲擁有同樣的眼寬Butthere'stroubleiftwotopmaleshaveexactlythesameeyewidth.打架就不可避免Thenthecontestdescendsintoabrawl.失敗Defeated.勝者，將有權(quán)和附近所有的雌性交配Thewinner.Henowhastherighttomatewithallthefemalesnearby.像棒眼蠅這樣紳士的舉動并非爭奪雌性的唯一方式Therathergentlemanlywaystalk-eyedfliessettletheirdifferencesoverfemalesisnottheonlyway.許多動物更為暴力Someanimalsaremuchmoreviolent.贊比亞的旱季It'sthedryseasoninZambia.河灣要么被烤干，要么過于泥濘而給動物們帶來致命的危險Thelagoonsareeitherbakeddry這只公河馬一直生活在此。到了旱季，這里便成了死亡地帶Thismalehippohasbeenlivinginonesmalllagoon不難理解，曾經(jīng)與它同居白母河馬們都離開了Understandably就算它想呆，也呆不長Evenifhewantsto它需要水來降溫，更需要母河馬Heneedswatertokeepcoolandfemalestomatewith.它們都在這兒呢Andthisiswheretheyallare.這個區(qū)域幾乎所有的河馬都到了LuangwaRiver的這里AlmostallthehipposintheareaareinwhatisleftoftheLuangwaRiver這里是唯一水還較深的地方becauseit'sthelastplacewherethere'sstilldeepwater.這個河灣被一頭強大的公河馬占據(jù)Thisbendiscontrolledbyanall-powerfulmale.自干旱以來許多母河馬紛紛投奔而來herd.自干旱以來許多母河馬紛紛投奔而來herd.SincethedroughtmanymorefemaleshavejoinedhisTHEYBELLOW它們一起其樂融融，但公河馬也來了想要得到母河馬，必須打敗這里的霸主外來者必須做出決定：戰(zhàn)斗或屈服她打算在此度過余生她攜帶著受精過的卵現(xiàn)在，她可以產(chǎn)卵了大概10THEYBELLOW它們一起其樂融融，但公河馬也來了想要得到母河馬，必須打敗這里的霸主外來者必須做出決定：戰(zhàn)斗或屈服她打算在此度過余生她攜帶著受精過的卵現(xiàn)在，她可以產(chǎn)卵了大概10萬只100接下來六個月，她會細心呵護自己的親骨肉OverthenextsixmonthsshecarefullytendsherTheyarehappytolivecheekbyjowlinthehopeofmatingmustfirstdefeattheoverlord.Thewanderingmalearrivesandhasadecisiontomake-submitorfight.霸主獲勝了Victoryfortheoverlord.它仍享有這個水域的控制權(quán)，以及與母河馬的交配權(quán)Hisdominationofhischannelintheriverremainsandwithitmatingrightswiththefemales.失敗者雖然活著，但已經(jīng)被遺棄Theloserisalive它撤到河的另一處，但那里太淺，沒有母河馬會跟隨Heretreatstoanotherpartoftheriverwhereit'ssoshallowthatnofemaleswillfollow.它傳宗接代的愿望就此落空Hischancetofatheroffspringisoverfornow.對一些動物而言，繁育的挑戰(zhàn)不在于爭斗，而在于求愛技巧Forsomeanimalsthechallengesofbreedingarenotaboutfightingbutaboutcourtship.對鳥類而言，物品展示、歌唱和舞蹈會達到極高的水平，復(fù)雜而優(yōu)美Amongbirds春季，俄勒岡州的淡水湖Duringspring們聚集在一起，重新找感情grebesjointogethertorenewtheirpartnership.儀式以——種優(yōu)美的二重唱開始Theceremonystartswithaseriesofgracefulduets夫唱妻和inwhichonepartnerechoestheactionsoftheother.但真正的測試來了Buttherealtestcomesnow.只有最強健和守信的Onlythestrongestandthemostfaithful才能——起跳最后的舞蹈arepreparedtojointogetherforthefinalexultantdance.這些有了后代的動物又面臨全新的挑戰(zhàn)Thoseanimalswhichhaveyoungnowfaceawholenewsetofchallenges保護和養(yǎng)育它們toprotectandnurturetheiroffspring.在北太平洋的冷水海域，生活著一種巨獸InthecoldwatersofthenorthernPacificOcean——種巨型章魚，體長大四米AgiantPacificoctopusatoverfourmetreslong.她在尋找，不為食物，而是巢穴Sheishunting一個隱蔽可安頓的地方Somewheretosettledownandhide.必須大小合適Herdenhastobejustright.She'sgoingtoliveherefortherestofherlife.She'scarryingfertilisedeggsandnowpreciousbrood.用她的觸手愛撫它們Shecaressesthemwithherarms弄掉黏附的水藻，保證充足的供氧tokeepthemfreeofalgaeandproperlysuppliedwithoxygen.這是她第一也是唯一的后代Thisisherfirstandonlybrood.所以付出再多也不辭Andsoshetakesgreatcareofthem.照料過程中她不會離開巢穴Whileshe'sguardinghereggsshedoesn'tleavetheden.從不Notonce.不能進食Unabletofeed她在挨餓sheisstarving.她最后一絲力氣，也是鼓動水流，幫助卵孵化Herlastactofdevotionistoblowwaterovertheeggstohelpthemhatch.幼小的、發(fā)育完全的章魚破卵而出Young盡管只有少數(shù)能活到成年，但它們的媽媽給了它們最好的開始Thoughonlyafewwillsurvivetoadulthood經(jīng)過漫長而又孤獨的守候Afterherlongandlonelyvigil她死掉了sheisdead.無疑，這種犧牲精神，使得她成為自然界最有愛心的媽媽之一Surelythissacrificemustmakeheroneofnature'smostdevotedmothers.在哥斯達尼加森林之下，有另一個專注的母親Here確保她的后代有個最好的起步ensuresthatheryoungalsohavethebestpossiblestartinlife.這種小型的草莓色箭毒蛙，只有指甲般大小，正在守候產(chǎn)下的卵Thistinystrawberrypoisonarrowfrog從卵發(fā)育到蝌蚪，她和伴侶Whilsttheeggsandtadpolesaredeveloping一直守候，確保它們不會被天敵吃掉watch但它們不可能一直守候Buttheycan'tstayhereforever.樹葉快干掉了，蝌蚪需要水Theleaflitterisdryingoutandtadpolesneedwater.她必須盡快處理Shemustdosomething必須轉(zhuǎn)移它們。于是她鼓勵一只蝌蚪爬到她背上Sheneedstomovethemandsoencouragesonetadpoletoclimbonherback.開始了史詩般的旅程Shenowbeginsanepicjourney.出乎你意料的是，她并不去水塘Butit'snottoapond她有特殊的目標sheislookingforsomethingveryparticular.她穿過空地，來到一棵大樹的腳下，然后開始攀爬Herjourneytakesheracrosstheforestfloortothefootofatalltreeandthenshestartstoclimb.對一只蛙來說，這是一次馬拉松式的攀爬Forsuchalittlefrogitisamarathonascent如同一位人類母親駝著孩子爬上帝國大廈likeahumanmotherclimbingtheEmpireStateBuildingwithachildonherback.她在找一種長在樹上的鳳梨科植物She'slookingforaplant它的中央有個盛水的小池子，完美的蝌蚪育兒所Itholdsapoolofwateratitscentre她放下孩子Inslidesheryoungster.但這只是六個中的一個Butthisisonlyoneofsixtadpoles.她必須沖回去營救剩下的孩子Shemustrushbackdowntorescuetheothers.將它們一只一只地背到各自的小池子里Onebyoneshecollectsthemandcarrieseachtoitsownbromeliad.但還有個問題Butthereisanotherproblem.小池中沒有食物Thelittlepoolscontainnofood.她必須提供Soshehastoprovideit.向每個小池里排一顆未受精的卵作為小蝌蚪的食物Shelaysanunfertilisedeggineachpoolforhertadpolestoeat.然后離開Andthensheleaves.但一顆卵不足以維持小蝌蚪多長時間Butoneeggwon'tsustainagrowingtadpoleforlong所以她必須隔幾天就回來排卵soshehastoreturneveryfewdayswithanotheregg.接下來的兩周，她幾乎要爬行半英里來照看后代Overthenexttwoweeksshecanclimbalmosthalfamiletendingheryoung.這種小動物所創(chuàng)造的驚人奇跡Anastonishingfeatforsuchatinycreature.就在她忙于產(chǎn)卵時Whileshe'sbusydeliveringeggs小蝌蚪長出了腿，尾巴消失了thetadpolegrowslegsanditstailbeginstodisappear.直至U——天，永久地離開這個育JL所Andthenonedayitleavesitsbromeliadnurseryforever爬向森林深處andclimbsoutintotheforest.蛙媽媽也可以好好休息一下了Whilstitsmotherhasawell-deservedrest.鳥類也是勤勞的父母Birdsarealsodiligentparents.它們畢生花費大量心血，照料為數(shù)不多的后代Overtheirlifetimetheyinvesthugeeffortinjustafewyoung.但只有極少的鳥能做至U這樣Butthereisonlysomuchaparentcando.整個南極的頷帶企鵝，雌鳥和雄鳥每天交替AllalongtheAntarcticpeninsulabothmaleandfemalechinstrappenguinshavebeencommuting去海洋里為后代搜集食物dailyfromtheopenoceantocollectfoodfortheirchicks.從遠處帶回滿嘴的磷蝦，然后反芻給幼鳥Mouthfulsofkrill但有一天幼鳥們沒等到食物Butonedaythechickswaitinvainforfood.父母不見歸來Theirparentsdonotreturn.幼鳥們現(xiàn)在必須獨自面對Thechicksnowfacelifeontheirown.這是動物一生中最難熬的時刻Thisisthetoughesttimeinananimal'slife有些沒有撐過去andsomearenotgoingtomakeit.接下來的幾天，在饑餓的驅(qū)使下，幼鳥們自己來到海邊Overthenextfewdays本能告訴它們，必須下海Instincttellsthemtheyhavetoheadouttosea.它們體內(nèi)已經(jīng)儲存了一些用于御寒的脂肪Builttowithstandthecold外層的羽毛像一層防水衣alayeroffat但它們必須要學會游泳Buttheystillhavetolearntoswim.南極的海洋充滿挑戰(zhàn)Thepolarseaischallengingenough風的——點改變butwithachangeinthewind一塊破冰阻塞了海灣aslickofbrokenicehaschokedthebay.這塊冰對任何企鵝來說者B是麻煩Foranypenguinthisicepresentsarealproblem.對小企鵝來說就是災(zāi)難Butforthechicksit'sadisaster.如果想吃到食物，就必須越過障礙到達空闊的水域Theymustgetthroughthisbarriertotheopenwater有一只，也許是受不了饑餓，也許是更為勇敢One在眾鳥關(guān)注下帶頭試著從頂部劃過去leadsthewayandtriesskitteringoverthetop冰面很難游過，過程緩慢而痛苦Theiceishardtoswimthrough海豹Aleopardseal.這只幼鳥從沒學過如何避開海豹Thischickneverhadthechancetolearnhowtoavoidtheseal.結(jié)局不言而喻Itsendisinevitable.海豹熟練地將幼鳥扔出，每一次都撕下一塊肉Theleopardsealefficientlyflaysthechick余下的幼鳥也要冒險Otherstaketheirchance.

現(xiàn)在海豹準備捕獲下——個目標Buttheleopardsealisnowreadyforitsnextvictim.只有最幸運的幼鳥能夠到達開闊水域It'salottery生活中總是有那么一點點被上天注定的機遇Thereisstillanelementofchanceinlifewhichanindividualcandolittleabout.最終，戰(zhàn)勝困難Intheend找至U足夠的食物或者戰(zhàn)勝天敵whetherfindingenoughtoeatoroutwittingyourpredators是生命遇至U挑戰(zhàn)的唯——意義isonlysignificantiflife'sfinalchallengecanbemet.從花費數(shù)周照顧蝌蚪的小箭毒蛙Fromatinyfrogdedicatingweekstoherfewcherishedtadpoles到花費8年時間養(yǎng)育后代的大猩猩eightyearsbringingupherbaby每個動物都為同一個目標奮斗individualanimalsstrivetoreachthisoneultimategoal將自己的基因傳遞下去，并保證后代的生存topassontheirgenesandtoensurethesurvivalofthenextgeneration.最終，在自然界Ultimately這就是生命的意義thatiswhatlifeisallabout.在拍攝《生命》的三年間我們攝制組DuringthethreeyearsittooktofilmLife探訪了地球五大洲但最刺激的還是南極洲visitedeverycontinentonEarth在這里拍攝口t——可能Herefilmingwasonlypossibleorganisations.空軍將供給運送到麥克默多研究站stationorganisations.空軍將供給運送到麥克默多研究站station將我們的一組人員空運到羅斯冰架AnAirForcejetdeliveringsuppliestoMcMurdoresearchferriedoneofourcrewstotheRossIceShelf.在大陸的另——面——隊人馬航行了五天Andontheothersideofthecontinentateamsailedforfivedays跨越德雷克海峽抵達了南極半島acrosstheDrakePassagetoreachtheAntarcticpeninsular.一小隊人曾經(jīng)登陸奇幻島Oncethere露宿了——個月與群居的企鵝為伴tospendamonthcampingontheedgeofapenguincolony.兩個人與20萬只企鵝Twopeopleand200另一組人加入了鉆冰的科學家行列Anotherteamjoinedscientistsdrillingthroughtheice探索下面美麗多姿的世界toexplorethebeautifulandbizarreworldbelow.然而最頑強最具野心的拍攝涉及了四個攝制組Butthehardiestandmostambitiousshootinvolvedfourfilmcrews一名著名的法國帆船運動員以及國防部acelebratedFrenchyachtsmanandtheMinistryofDefence.攝制組有兩個月的最佳時間Theteamshadatwo-monthwindow來拍攝南極洲兩種頂級食肉動物的活動tofilmAntarctica'stwotoppredatorsinaction.我們知道可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一種徘徊在奇幻島岸邊Weknewthatonecouldbefoundprowlingthecoastof等待著年幼的企鵝首次入水RosenthalIsland帶領(lǐng)我們的是杰羅姆.龐塞特AndthemantotakeustherewasJeromePoncet.他是首次揚帆南極圈以南的快艇的船長，過去35年里每年都要回去一次HeskipperedthefirstyachttosailsouthoftheAntarcticCircleandhasbeenbackeveryyearforthepast35.他對南極航行的了解無人可與比肩HeknowsAntarcticsailinglikeno-oneelse.他的快艇金羊毛號不是破冰船Hisyacht然而杰羅姆卻又其獨特的穿越方式butJeromehashisownuniquewayofgettingthrough.他調(diào)動一塊浮冰來撞擊另一塊浮冰Heshuntsonefloeagainstanother來清除通道猶如玩彈珠防I戲一般toclearawaythroughlikeplayingmarbles.杰羅姆一旦神情嚴肅起來Jerome就不會續(xù)前行了intoasituationhedoesn'tliketoletitgo.所以我們就會在這里呆上幾個小時So杰羅姆堅決要穿越這條通道Jeromeisdeterminedtogetthroughthischannel.我們要對付的有數(shù)百噸Wetalkabouthundred或許上千數(shù)萬噸maybe1這一汪水你必須將它推開It'sapoolingofwater有些冰塊是在是大Somemarblesarejusttoobig.眼下杰羅姆遭受了挫折，不得不停泊過夜Fornow對他來說，停泊在10萬噸冰里Forhim只是很平常的事情isjustanotherdayattheoffice.前行緩慢，但是他們必須在企鵝離開前抵達羅森塔爾Progressisslow他們要通過而企鵝依然還在Theymakeitthroughandthepenguinsarestillthere.頰帶企鵝幼崽在每年特定的時段里羽毛豐滿Chinstrappenguinchicksfledgeataparticulartimeofyear.攝制組知道這就像磁鐵一般吸引著豹斑海豹Thecrewknewthiswoulddrawleopardsealslikeamagnet.豹斑海豹是海豹中的巨人，它們的牙齒尺寸超過獅子Leopardsealsaregiantsamongtheirkind而且嘴能夠打開接近180度biggerthanalionandamouththatcanopennearly180degrees.道格可以靠得多近呢？HowclosecanDougget?與這只海豹親密接觸Withthisseal它對自己的鏡像失去了興趣Helosesinterestinhisreflection回頭吃企鵝去了andgoesbacktoeatingpenguins.太令人興奮了Thatwasveryexciting.它是一只了不起的海豹Hewasasuperseal了不起的海豹給了我好多近距離的極佳活動superseal但是我必須承認你得同情那只企鵝butImustadmityoudohavetofeelsorryforthepenguin實在是倒霉justdoesn'tstandachance.攝制組知道找到豹斑海豹的地方Theteamknewwheretofindleopardseals然而發(fā)現(xiàn)其它頂級食肉動物butfindingtheothertoppredator完全是另一碼事情wasgoingtobeanothermatterentirely.對于南極虎鯨了解甚少VerylittleisknownaboutAntarctickillerwhales.只得召喚援兵了Timetobringinreinforcements.堅韌號HMSEndurance皇家海軍冰上巡邏艦theRoyalNavy'sicepatrolship.她勘察南極水域觀察每年的變化ShesurveysAntarcticwatersandthecrewseechangeseveryyear.這個區(qū)域的最新海圖我們現(xiàn)在深入冰架6英里Thelatestchartofthisarea這證明了這里的冰架在過去五六年里已經(jīng)退縮了多少howmuchretreationofthisiceshelfhasoccurredoverthepastfiveorsixyears.你的難題是...Wouldyougetcomplications...?劇集制作人瑪莎.霍姆斯和攝影師大衛(wèi).貝利SeriesproducerMarthaHolmesandcameramanDavidBaillie登機希望在空中發(fā)現(xiàn)并拍攝到虎鯨wereonboardtofindandfilmthekillerwhalesfromtheair.堅韌號攜帶有兩架山貓直升機EndurancecarriestwoLynxhelicoptersusedtoassist用來幫助英國南極勘察及水文調(diào)查局theBritishAntarcticSurveyandtheHydrographicOffice.在這次旅行中Onthistrip有時——架直升機就交給了生活攝制組了sometimeononeofthehelicoptersisassignedtotheLifeteam.之前沒人在南極半島拍攝到虎鯨捕食No-onehassucceededinfilmingkillerwhaleshuntingofftheAntarcticpeninsularbefore.我們兩個攝制組在一起拍攝就只有幾天時間Ourtwoteamshavejustafewdayswhentheycanfilmtogether.在金羊毛號的水面?zhèn)鱽砹思拥南twaterleveltheGoldenFleecehasexcitingnews.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了虎鯨樣子好像是在捕食They'vefoundkillerwhaleswhichlookasthoughtheycouldbehunting.海軍435海軍435這里是金羊毛金羊毛結(jié)束AndNavy435（電臺里的模糊聲）INDISTINCTVOICEONRADIO再說一遍我們在接近中'Copythat.We'reonourway.'伙計風好大我們…Guys真幸運與它們一路同行盡管我們很費勁prettyluckytostaywiththemthroughthis.Butwecantrythough.435這里是金羊毛我們已經(jīng)看不到虎鯨了435白顏色的對它們現(xiàn)在與冰山在一條直線上Thewhite.'Yeah在我們與冰山之間我們這一側(cè)約100米處’betweenusandtheicebergabout100metresthissideofit.'看見了看見了'Visual.Yeah從空中直升機攝制組跟蹤虎鯨比船上那組要容易得多Fromtheair435這里是金羊毛請重復(fù)結(jié)束435依靠直升機和快艇的共同努力能夠在波濤洶涌中保持對虎鯨的跟蹤Byworkingtogetherthehelicopterandyachtareabletokeeptrackofthewhalesintheroughsea.有四只對四只我看到了四只'There'sfournowactuallyyes天氣終于給了拍攝——次機會Achangeintheweathergivesachancetofilmatlast.它們已經(jīng)走到前頭了如果我們沒跟丟的話They'vegonefurtherupthisway然而它們會捕食嗎？Butwilltheyhunt?不錯它們過來了OK噢耶它們1,2道格已經(jīng)認出碎冰附近有只食蝦海豹，然而虎鯨有沒有看到它呢？Doughasspottedacrabeatersealnearsomeice不保持鏡頭No

它們發(fā)現(xiàn)了Theyhave.不錯的動作Somegoodaction.你還能更近些嗎？Canyougocloser?沒戲了，它們已經(jīng)抓住它了It'sover還在那里It'sstillthere.對于野生動物攝影師來說總是驚喜不斷Forawildlifecameramantherearealwayssurprises.花了兩個月然而他們的成功多虧了Ithastakentwomonths從整個船公司到一個孤獨的船長的通力合作collaborationfromanentireship'scompanytoaloneskipper.這樣的合作將是整整三年間世界各地拍攝的基礎(chǔ)Collaborationslikethiswouldbethefoundationofthewholethreeyearsoffilmingacrosstheworld.第二集：爬行與兩棲動物印度尼西亞，科莫多島TheislandofKomodoinIndonesia.偏遠而貧瘠Remoteandbarren.極少有人居住Fewpeoplelivehere.被一種巨型爬行動物統(tǒng)治著It'sruledbyagiantreptile.它看起來像是恐龍時代的幸存者It100kslikeasurvivorfromtheageofthedinosaurs.科莫多龍（科莫多巨蜥）TheKomododragon.體長九英尺9feetlong.頂級食肉動物Atoppredator.只有——樣東西能挑戰(zhàn)它的統(tǒng)治地位Onlyonethingcanchallengeadragon'sdominance.另一條龍Anotherdragon.在繁殖季節(jié)，公龍們陷入了野蠻的戰(zhàn)斗Inthebreedingseason巨大的利爪和60顆鋸齒狀的牙，可以帶來毀滅性的傷害Hugeclawsand60serratedteethcaninflictterribledamage.科莫多龍是目前統(tǒng)治陸地的唯一爬蟲類TheKomododragonistheonlyreptilethatstillrulestheland...就像當初恐龍稱霸陸地一樣asthedinosaursoncedid.它能統(tǒng)治這里，是因為沒有競爭對手Itcandominateherebecauseithasnocompetition.但世界上其它地方的爬蟲和兩棲動物Butfortherestoftheworld'sreptilesandamphibians生存意味著又艮苦的斗爭survivalisamuchtougherstruggle.如科莫多龍，爬蟲和兩棲動物看起來很原始Likethedragon但它們?nèi)耘f有令人吃驚的生存技巧更適應(yīng)遠古的時代bettersuitedtoanearlierage.但它們?nèi)耘f有令人吃驚的生存技巧Yettheyhaveasurprisingrepertoireofextraordinarystrategies.以致能在地球的許多地方興旺發(fā)達Andtheystillthriveinmanypartsoftheplanet.這是一個講述它們?nèi)绾巫龅降墓适耇hisisthestoryofhowtheydoso.南美洲，巴西與委內(nèi)瑞拉交界處的原始叢林SouthAmerica陡峭的山峰絕壁從森林里隆起Sheer-sidedmountainsriseupfromthejungle.地球上沒幾個地方比這兒更潮濕FewplacesonEartharewetter.這里是一些遠古而又奇異的兩棲動物的家It'sthehomeofsomeancientandverypeculiaramphibians.瀑布蟾蛛，體長一英寸，一枚郵票大小Thewaterfalltoadisjustaninchlong特殊的手掌能讓它安全地爬到樹頂Itsspecialgrippinghandsenableittoclambersafely但在高處并不孤單Butit'snotaloneuphere.大多數(shù)的蟾蛛和蛙靠跳躍脫離危險Mostfrogsandtoadsavoidpredatorsbyhoppingoutofdanger.但這種蟾蛛沒能演化出哪怕跳出一英寸遠的能力Butthistoadneverevolvedtheabilitytohopformorethananinch而且那也遠遠不夠啊andthat'snowherenearenough.一條路是被吃掉Onewayitgetseaten.另一條路是虛無的空氣Theotherwayisthinair.沒多少選擇Notmuchofachoice.但這并非自殺Butthisisn'tsuicide.而是成熟的策略It'sadeliberatestrategy依靠那奇特的手掌andonethatdependsonthesizeandstrength所具備的尺寸和力量ofthoseextraordinaryhands.這種自由落體是非常有效的逃命手段Free-fallinglikethisisaveryeffectivewayofescaping.然而，這座山里有另一種蟾蛛將這一戰(zhàn)術(shù)演繹得更為精彩However它生活在與下面世界隔絕的Itlivesamileabovetheforest高出森林一英里的高原上cutofffromtheworldbelow.這是卵石蟾蛛Thisisapebbletoad.也只有——英寸大小Ittooisonlyaninchlong.這些巖石對蟾蛛來說看起來就像天堂Theserocksmayseemaparadiseforatoad.這兒比下面的森林更加潮濕，而且沒有蛇It'sevenwetterthantheforestbelowandtherearenosnakes.但這里也有捕食者Butthereisahunterhere.食蟾蜘蛛Atoad-eatingtarantula.它伏擊獵物Itambushesitsprey.跟瀑布蟾蛛一樣，卵石蟾蛛也不會跳Likethewaterfalltoad但它有不同的防守Butithasadifferentdefence.它繃緊全身肌肉，將自己縮成一團，好似橡膠球Ittensesitsmuscles由于體型小、體重輕It'ssotinyandweighssolittle這種撞擊根本不會傷害到它thatbouncingdoesn'thurtitatall.像這樣奇異的戰(zhàn)術(shù)就是Bizarreinnovationsliketheseareoneofthereasonswhy爬蟲和兩棲類仍舊如此成功適應(yīng)的原因amphibiansandreptilesarestillsosuccessful.它們中的——些Someofthem幾千萬年以來幾乎沒變過havehardlychangedfortensofmillionsofyears.巴西的Pantanal.Brazil'sPantanal.超過5萬平方英里的沼澤Over50在旱季，水位降低后形成一些獨立的小湖Inthedryseason它們?nèi)菁{著地球上數(shù)量最大的鱷魚群andthentheycontainthegreatestconcentrationofcrocodilesonEarth.凱魚粵Thesecaimancrocodiles很快就陷入了缺少食物的境地aretrappedandfastrunningoutoffood.距離雨季和河水的到來很長一段時間Itwillbealongtimebeforetherainsreturnandtheriversrise隨水而來的還有它們的獵物：魚bringingwiththemthecaiman'sprey...fish.作為冷血動物，它們可以幾個月不進食Beingcoldbloodedtheycangowithoutfoodformonths除非吵架，它們盡量保持低調(diào)andstayinactiveexceptwhentheysquabble.最終雨來了，河水泛濫Atlast所有鱷魚者B擅長節(jié)省力氣Allreptilesareexpertsatsavingenergy.凱門鱷只是并排著，等待魚往它們嘴里鉆Thecaimansimplylineupandwaitforthefishtocometothem.爬蟲和兩棲類在活動之前Reptilesandamphibiansmustwarmtheirbodies必須先讓身體暖和起來beforetheycanbecomeactiveanduntilthen否貝U行動遲緩，非常脆弱theyareslow-movingandvulnerable.獲得熱量的最快辦法就是曬太陽Thequickestwaytogainheatistobaskinthesun就像這只中美洲怪蜥asthisbasilisklizardfromCentralAmericaisdoing.問題是這樣暴露自己Thetroubleisthatexposingyourself難免會被發(fā)現(xiàn)inevitablymakesyoueasilyseen.但是像這樣明目張膽地趴在河面上Butaconspicuousperchoverariverlikethis看起來可不太明智seemstobemakingyourselfunnecessarilyprominent.這只蜥蜴的威脅來自天空Thisbasilisk'sgreatestthreatcomesfromthesky.空中的陰影讓它恐慌Darkshapesoverheadmakeitnervous.獵食的鳥預(yù)料它也許會逃進樹林里Ahuntingbirdmightexpectittofleetothetrees.但事實恰好相反Infact水上疾走只需短短數(shù)秒Thisskitteracrossthesurfaceofthewaterearnsitpreciousseconds因此得一名號：耶穌蜥蜴（能行走于水上）andthenickname由于力量夠強、步頻夠快Itdrivesitsfeetdownsohardandsofast它在水面下沉往往不至ij幾英寸thatitneversinksdeeperthanafewinches.人要做到這樣，必須跑出65英里的時速（104公里/時）Ahumanwouldneedtorunat65mphtodothis.爬蟲類顯然都是逃跑專家Reptilesarecertainlyexpertatavoidingtrouble它們也非常擅長，在看起來不怎么適合它們buttheyarealsoverygoodatfindingawaytoliveinplaces的地方找到生存之道thatdon'tseemtosuitthematall.它們包括，曾在地球上橫行的最大的動物TheyonceincludedthelargestanimalsthathaveeverwalkedtheEarth...恐龍thedinosaurs.有些卻比雷克斯貓（一種髯毛家貓比一些昆蟲還小Smallerindeed這種巴西/八壁虎可以穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地坐在指尖上TheBrazilianpygmygeckocouldsitcomfortablyonafingertip.沒哪種爬蟲比它還要小了It'ssoexceptionallysmallthatnootherreptilescompetewithit.但是它相當敏捷Butit'ssonimble能夠逃脫灌木叢里的獵食者itcanescapefromthehuntingmonstersoftheundergrowth.太小也會有特殊的麻煩，比如說：雨Itissosmallthatithasspecialproblemswith一滴雨就能淹掉它Itcoulddrowninadrop但它的皮膚是不沾水的butitsskinishydrophobic.雨淋濕不了它Raincannotwetit.如果跌進水坑里Atumbleintoapuddle你可能會覺得它有溺死的危險wouldriskdeathbydrowning.但小壁虎壓根兒就不會下沉Butthegeckoisunsinkable.太輕，皮膚又非常油It'ssolightanditsskinsowater-repellent它能夠穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地趴在水上thatitcanliterallystandonwater.如此的體型自然讓人印象深亥USuchminiaturisationiscertainlyveryimpressive但是爬蟲的身體會發(fā)生更為戲劇性的變化butthereptilebodycanbetransformedevenmoredramatically.在馬達力□斯力口Oneofthemostbizarreofallreptiles最為奇特的爬蟲正在捕食昆蟲huntsinsectshereinMadagascar.螳螂擁有360度的視野Theprayingmantishas360degreevision但還是沒看至U危險已經(jīng)來?臨butithasn'tseenthedangerthatisnowapproaching.變色龍Apantherchameleon.身體的每一部分Everypartofitsbody都演化得高度適應(yīng)這種隱秘的叢林生活hasbecomespecialisedforalifeofstealthamongthebranches.腳趾如鉗子般有力Itstoeshavebecomegraspingpincers.兩眼獨立轉(zhuǎn)動，所以能看到各個方向Itseyesrotatesoitcanlookinalldirections.皮膚能通過變色來偽裝,或者表達情感Itsskincanchangecolourforcamouflageortosignalemotions.變色龍能在天敵和獵物面前隱身Thechameleonbodyisconcealedfrombothpredatorandprey因此能發(fā)起突襲soitcanlaunchasurpriseattack.它的舌頭就像制導導彈Thetongueisalikeamissile瞄準獵物直接摧毀其防線aimedatitsprey'sheadtoneutraliseitsdefences.簡言之，變色龍Chameleons完美適應(yīng)了叢林捕獵生活toalifespenthuntingintrees很難想像它們在其它地方該如何生存thatit'shardtoimaginehowtheycouldliveanywhereelse.納米布沙漠TheNamibDesert.連綿數(shù)百英里沒有樹木Therearenotreesforhundredsofmiles.但這些確實是蜥蜴的腳印Yettheseare這只雌性蜥蜴正在尋找配偶ThisfemaleNamaquachameleonissearchingforamate.看起來它身體的每一部分都不適應(yīng)這里的環(huán)境Nopartofherbodyseemssuitedtosuchanenvironment.它的腳，能夠幫助它緊緊抓住樹枝Herfeet但在松軟的沙地上似乎沒什么用處shouldsurelybeuselessonsoftsand.但它能攤開腳掌，就像滑雪板Butshe'sabletospreadthemlikesnowshoes.沙漠還很涼，但它的身體需要盡快熱起來以便活動Sheneedstogetwarmandactivewhilethedesertisstillcool因此它獨特的皮膚起發(fā)揮了作用sosheexploitsthechameleon'sversatileskin.朝陽的那一面顏色變深，以便吸收陽光的熱量Thesidefacingthesungoesdarktoabsorbthesun'sheat背光一面仍舊是淺色whiletheotherremainslight

極少熱量能從它的身體流失andminimisestheheatescapingfromherbody.它很饑餓，食物稀少She'shungryandfoodisscarce.但它動作還是不夠快，抓不到這些甲蟲Butshe'sstillnotquickenoughtograbthesedesertbeetles.它的策略很簡單Hersolutionissimple.找到一叢草Shefinds等待著尋找樹蔭乘涼的甲蟲送上門來andwaitsforashade-seekingbeetletocometoher.然后，它繼續(xù)上路尋找男友Onshegoes最終，一位浪子出現(xiàn)了Atlast但他也許并不會如她所愿地對她Buthemaynottreatherasshemightwish.大部分蜥蜴的求愛期都很短Thecourtshipofmostchameleonsisgentle.在這片沙漠里Butinthisdesert雌雄相遇機會難得，他不敢輕易拒絕amalemeetsafemalesorarelyhecan'triskbeingrejected.她繼續(xù)前進，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)懷上了下一代Shemarcheson六個月的冰凍Asix-monthfreeze氣溫會跌至零下40攝氏度whentemperaturesmaydroptominus40degreescentigrade對爬蟲來說絕無生存之可能shouldsurelymakethingsimpossibleforareptile.但在加拿大，融雪下面，有東西蠢蠢欲動ButhereinCanada一條雄性紅色束帶蛇Amalered-sidedgartersnake.通過地下冬眠度過嚴寒Hesurvivedthewinterbyhibernatingunderground刃B里氣溫從沒有彳氐過零下wherethetemperatureneverdroppedbelowzero.微弱的陽光讓更多的雄蛇現(xiàn)身Theweaksunpersuadesmoremalestoemerge.雖然身體還是冷的，移動