英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)提升要點(diǎn)收錄（高考篇）

141/141英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)提升要點(diǎn)收錄（高考篇）來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收錄整編分享目錄完形填空高頻詞 4知識(shí)梳理 15第一章名詞性從句 15第二章“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配講解 21第三章高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的省略現(xiàn)象 29第四章主謂一致 35第五章動(dòng)詞不定式 44第六章倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 56第七章定語(yǔ)從句 59第八章被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 64第十章感嘆句 70第十一章疑問(wèn)句 71第十二章名詞 73重點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)詞組 91?？嫉氖煸~新義 109英文名人名言大全 114必備的十六大時(shí)態(tài)用法大集合 1211.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（do/does;is/am/are） 1212.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/aredoing) 1223.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/hasdone) 1224.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have/hasbeendoing) 1235.一般過(guò)去時(shí)(did;was/were) 1236.過(guò)去完成時(shí)(haddone) 1247.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(woulddo) 1248.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/weredoing) 1249.一般將來(lái)時(shí) 12510.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(willbedoing) 12611.將來(lái)完成時(shí)(willhavedone) 12612.將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：(willhavebeendoing) 12613.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：hadbeendoing 12614.過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：(wouldbedoing) 12715.過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)：(wouldhavedone) 12716.過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：(wouldhavebeendoing) 127備考適用句式 128引出不同觀點(diǎn) 128提出建議 129預(yù)示后果 130給出原因 130列出解決辦法 131批判錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)和做法 131完形填空高頻詞1.alterv.改變，改動(dòng)，變更2.burstvi.,n.突然發(fā)生，爆裂3.disposevi.除掉；處置；解決；處理(of)4.blastn.爆炸；氣流vi.炸，炸掉5.consumev.消耗，耗盡6.splitv.劈開(kāi)；割裂；分裂a(bǔ).裂開(kāi)的7.spitv.吐（唾液等）；唾棄8.spillv.溢出，濺出，倒出9.slipv.滑動(dòng)，滑落；忽略10.slidev.滑動(dòng)，滑落n.滑動(dòng)；滑面；幻燈片11.bacterian.細(xì)菌12.breedn.種，品種v.繁殖，產(chǎn)仔13.budgetn.預(yù)算v.編預(yù)算，作安排14.candidaten.候選人15.campusn.校園16.liberala.慷慨的；豐富的；自由的17.transformv.轉(zhuǎn)變，變革；變換18.transmitv.傳播，播送；傳遞19.transplantv.移植20.transportvt.運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送n.運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)輸工具21.shiftv.轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；轉(zhuǎn)變22.varyv.變化，改變；使多樣化23.vanishvi.消滅，不見(jiàn)24.swallowv.吞下，咽下n.燕子25.suspicionn.懷疑，疑心26.suspiciousa.懷疑的，可疑的27.milda.溫暖的，暖和的；溫柔的，味淡的28.tendera.溫柔的；脆弱的29.nuisancen.損害，妨害，討厭（的人或事物）30.insignificanta.無(wú)意義的，無(wú)足輕重的；無(wú)價(jià)值的31.acceleratevt.加速，促進(jìn)32.absolutea.絕對(duì)的，無(wú)條件的；完全的33.boundaryn.分界線，邊界34.braken.剎車，制動(dòng)器v.剎?。ㄜ嚕?5.catalogn.目錄（冊(cè)）v.編目36.vaguea.模糊的，不明確的37.vainn.徒勞，白費(fèi)38.extincta.絕滅的，熄滅的39.extraordinarya.不平常的，特別的，非凡的40.extremea.極度的，極端的n.極端，過(guò)分41.agentn.代理人，代理商；動(dòng)因，原因42.alcoholn.含酒精的飲料，酒精43.appealn./vi.呼吁，懇求44.appreciatevt.重視，賞識(shí)，欣賞45.approvev.贊成，同意，批準(zhǔn)46.stimulatevt.刺激，激勵(lì)47.acquirevt.取得，獲得；學(xué)到48.accomplishvt.完成，到達(dá)；實(shí)行49.networkn.網(wǎng)狀物；廣播網(wǎng)，電視網(wǎng)；網(wǎng)絡(luò)50.tiden.潮汐；潮流51.tidya.整潔的，整齊的52.tracevt.追蹤，找到n.痕跡，蹤跡53.torturen./vt.拷打，折磨54.wandervi.漫游，閑逛55.waxn.蠟56.weavev.織，編57.preservev.保護(hù)，保存，保持，維持61.abusev.濫用，虐待；謾罵62.academica.學(xué)術(shù)的；高等院校的；研究院的63.academyn.（高等）?？圃盒＃粚W(xué)會(huì)64.batteryn.電池（組）65.barriern.障礙；棚欄66.cargon.（船、飛機(jī)等裝載的）貨物67.careern.生涯，職業(yè)68.vesseln.船舶；容器，器皿；血管69.verticala.垂直的70.obligev.迫使，責(zé)成；使感激71.obscurea.陰暗，模糊72.extentn.程度，范圍，大小，限度73.exteriorn.外部，外表a.外部的，外表的74.externala.外部的，外表的，外面的75.petroln.汽油76.petroleumn.石油77.delayvt./n.推遲，延誤，耽擱78.decayvi.腐爛，腐朽79.decenta.像樣的，體面的80.routen.路；路線；航線81.ruinv.毀壞，破壞n.毀滅，[pl.]廢墟82.saken.緣故，理由83.satelliten.衛(wèi)星84.scalen.大小，規(guī)模；等級(jí)；刻度85.templen.廟宇86.tediousa.乏味道，單調(diào)的，87.tendvi.易于，趨向88.tendencyn.趨向，趨勢(shì)89.ultimatea.極端的，最大的，最終的n.極端90.undergov.經(jīng)歷，遭受91.abundanta.豐富的，充裕的，大量的92.adoptv.收養(yǎng)；采用；采納93.adaptvi.適應(yīng)，適合；改編，改寫vt.使適應(yīng)94.bachelorn.學(xué)士，學(xué)士學(xué)位；單身漢95.casuala.偶然的，碰巧的；臨時(shí)的；非正式的96.trapn.陷阱，圈套v.設(shè)陷阱捕捉97.vacanta.空的，未占用的98.vacuumn.真空，真空吸塵器99.orala.口頭的，口述的，口的100.opticsn.（單、復(fù)數(shù)同形）光學(xué)101.organn.器官，風(fēng)琴102.excessn.過(guò)分，過(guò)量，過(guò)剩103.expelv.驅(qū)逐，開(kāi)除，趕出104.expendv.消費(fèi)105.expendituren.支出，消費(fèi)；經(jīng)費(fèi)106.expensen.開(kāi)銷，費(fèi)用107.expensivea.花錢多的；價(jià)格高貴的108.expandv.擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)張；展開(kāi)，膨脹109.expansionn.擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)充；發(fā)展，膨脹110.privatea.私人的，個(gè)人的111.individuala.個(gè)別的，單獨(dú)的n.個(gè)人，個(gè)體112.personala.個(gè)人的，私人的；親自的114.personneln.[總稱]人員，員工；人事部門115.thePacificOcean太平洋116.theAtlanticOcean大西洋117.theArcticOcean北冰洋118.theAntarcticOcean南冰洋119.grantvt.授予，同意，準(zhǔn)予119.granda.宏偉大，壯麗的，重大的120.invadev.侵入，侵略，侵襲121.acidn.酸，酸性物質(zhì)a.酸的；尖刻的122.acknowledgev.承認(rèn)；致謝123.balconyn.陽(yáng)臺(tái)124.calculatevt.計(jì)算，核算125.calendarn.日歷，月歷126.optimistica.樂(lè)觀127.optionala.可以任選的，非強(qiáng)制的128.outstandinga.杰出的，突出的，顯著的129.exportn.出口（物）v.出口，輸出130.importn.進(jìn)口（物）v.進(jìn)口，輸入131.imposevt.把...加強(qiáng)(on)；采用，利用132.religionn.宗教，宗教信仰133.religiousa.宗教的134.victimn.犧牲品，受害者135.videon.電視，視頻a.電視的，錄像的136.videotapen.錄像磁帶v.把...錄在錄像帶上137.offendv.冒犯，觸犯138.botherv.打攪，麻煩139.interferev.干涉，干擾，妨礙140.internala.內(nèi)部的，國(guó)內(nèi)的141.beforehandad.預(yù)先，事先142.raciala.人種的種族的143.radiationn.放射物，輻射144.radicala.根本的；激進(jìn)的145.rangen.幅度，范圍v.（在某范圍內(nèi)）變動(dòng)146.wondern.驚奇，奇跡v.想知道，對(duì)...感到疑惑147.isolatevt.使隔離，使孤立148.issuen.問(wèn)題，爭(zhēng)論點(diǎn)；發(fā)行，（報(bào)刊）一期149.hollowa.空的，中空的，空虛道150.hookn.鉤vt.鉤住151.adequatea.適當(dāng)?shù)?；足?52.adherevi.粘附，附著；遵守，堅(jiān)持153.banvt.取締，禁止154.capturevt.俘虜，捕獲155.valida.有效的，有根據(jù)的；正當(dāng)?shù)?56.valleyn.山谷，峽谷157.consistenta.堅(jiān)固定；一致的，始終如一的158.continuousa.繼續(xù)的，連續(xù)（不斷）的159.continuala.不斷地，頻繁的160.explodev.爆炸；爆發(fā)；激增161.exploitv.剝削；利用，開(kāi)采162.explorev.勘探163.explosionn.爆炸；爆發(fā)；激增164.explosivea.爆炸的；極易引起爭(zhēng)論的165.remotea.遙遠(yuǎn)的，偏僻的166.removaln.除去，消除167.rendervt.使得，致使168.precautionn.預(yù)防，防備，警惕169.idlea.懶散的，無(wú)所事事的170.identifyvt.認(rèn)出，鑒定171.identifyn.身份；個(gè)性，特性172.povertyn.貧窮173.resistanta.(to)抵抗的，抗...的，耐...的174.resolvevt.解決；決定，決意175.barreln.桶176.bargainn.便宜貨vi.討價(jià)還價(jià)177.coarsea.粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的178.coachn.教練；長(zhǎng)途公共汽車179.coden.準(zhǔn)則，法規(guī)，密碼180.coiln.線圈v.卷，盤繞181.adultn.成年人182.advertisev.為...做廣告183.advertisementn.廣告184.agencyn.代理商，經(jīng)銷商185.focusv.（使）聚集n.焦點(diǎn)，中心，聚焦186.forbidvt.不許，禁止187.debaten./v.辯論，爭(zhēng)論188.debtn.欠債189.decaden.十年190.enclosevt.圍住；把...裝入信封191.encountervt./n.遭遇，遭到192.globen.地球，世界；地球儀193.globala.全球的；總的194.scanvt.細(xì)看；掃描；瀏覽195.scandaln.丑事，丑聞196.significancen.意義；重要性197.subsequenta.隨后的，后來(lái)的198.virtuen.美德，優(yōu)點(diǎn)199.virtuala.實(shí)際上的，事實(shí)上的200.orientvt.使適應(yīng)，(to,toward)使朝向n.東方201.portionn.一部分202.targetn.目標(biāo)，靶子vt.瞄準(zhǔn)203.portablea.手提式的204.declinev.拒絕，謝絕；下降205.illusionn.錯(cuò)覺(jué)206.likelihoodn.可能，可能性207.stripen.條紋208.emphasizevt.強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重209.emotionn.情感，感情210.emotionala.感情的，情緒（上）的211.awfula.極壞的，威嚴(yán)的，可怕的212.awkwarda.笨拙的，棘手的213.cluen.線索，提示214.collisionn.碰撞，沖突215.devicen.裝置，設(shè)備216.devisevt.發(fā)明，策劃，想出217.inevitablea.不可避免的218.navala.海軍的219.navigationn.航行220.necessityn.必需品；必要性221.previousa.先，前，以前的222.provisionn.[pl.]給養(yǎng)，口糧；準(zhǔn)備，設(shè)備，裝置223.pursuevt.追逐；追求；從事，進(jìn)行224.stalea.不新鮮的，陳腐的225.substituten.代用品vt.代替226.deservevt.應(yīng)受，應(yīng)得，值得227.discriminationn.歧視；辨別力228.professionala.職業(yè)的，專門的229.securea.安全的，可靠的230.securityn.安全，保障231.scratchv./n.抓，搔，扒232.talentn.才能，天資；人才233.insurancen.保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)234.insurevt.給...保險(xiǎn)，保證，確保235.neverthelessad.仍然，然而，不過(guò)236.neutrala.中立的，中性的237.spotn.地點(diǎn)；斑點(diǎn)vt.認(rèn)出，發(fā)現(xiàn)；玷污238.sprayv.噴，（使）濺散239.mediuma.中等的，適中的n.媒介物，新聞媒介240.median.新聞傳媒241.auxiliarya.輔助的，備用的242.automatica.自動(dòng)的243.competevi.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽244.competenta.有能力的，能勝任的245.competitionn.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽246.distributevt.分發(fā)247.disturbvt.打攪，妨礙248.inferv.推論，推斷249.integratev.(into,with)（使）成為一體，（使）合并250.moista.潮濕251.moisturen.潮濕252.promotevt.促進(jìn)；提升253.regionn.地區(qū)；范圍；幅度254.registerv./n.登記，注冊(cè)255.stablea.穩(wěn)定的256.sophisticateda.老于世故的，老練的；很復(fù)雜的257.splendida.極好的，壯麗的，輝煌的258.cancelvt.取消，廢除259.variablea.易變的，可變的260.prospectn.前景，前途；景象261.prosperityn.興旺，繁榮262.aspectn.方面；朝向；面貌263.copevi.(with)（成功地）應(yīng)付，處理264.coren.果心，核心265.maintainvt.維持，保持；堅(jiān)持，主張266.mainlandn.大陸267.disciplinen.紀(jì)律；懲罰；學(xué)科268.domestica.本國(guó)的，國(guó)內(nèi)的；家用的；家庭的269.constanta.不變的，恒定的n.常數(shù)270.cliffn.懸崖，峭壁271.authorityn.權(quán)威；當(dāng)局272.audioa.聽(tīng)覺(jué)273.attituden.態(tài)度274.communityn.社區(qū)，社會(huì)275.commitvt.犯（錯(cuò)誤，罪行等），干（壞事等）276.commentn./vt.評(píng)論277.distinguishvt.區(qū)分，辨別278.distressn.痛苦，悲傷vt.使痛苦279.facilityn.[pl.]設(shè)備，設(shè)施；便利，方便280.facultyn.能力，技能；系，學(xué)科，學(xué)院；全體教員281.mixturen.混合，混合物282.moodn.心情，情緒；語(yǔ)氣283.morala.道德上的，有道德的284.prominenta.突出的285.substancen.物質(zhì)；實(shí)質(zhì)286.substantiala.可觀的；牢固的；實(shí)質(zhì)的287.promptvt.促使a.敏捷的，及時(shí)的288.vivida.生動(dòng)的289.vocabularyn.詞匯（量）；詞匯表290.venturen.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目v.冒險(xiǎn)；取于291.versionn.版本，譯本；說(shuō)法292.waistn.腰，腰部293.weldv./n.焊接294.yawnvi.打哈欠295.yieldvi.(to)屈服于；讓出，放棄n.產(chǎn)量296.zonen.地區(qū)，區(qū)域297.strategyn.戰(zhàn)略，策略298.strategica.戰(zhàn)略（上）的，關(guān)鍵的299.tensea.緊張的v.拉緊n.時(shí)態(tài)300.tensionn.緊張（狀態(tài)），張力知識(shí)梳理第一章名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(NounClauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。一.主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較It作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒(méi)有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。例如：a)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.你不去看那場(chǎng)電影真可惜。b)Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.我對(duì)你成功與否不感興趣。c)Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.謀殺案是在早上發(fā)生的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)d)ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.是John打碎的窗戶。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)2.用it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)Itis+名詞+從句Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是…Itisanhonorthat…非常榮幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常識(shí)(2)Itis+形容詞+從句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)Itis+不及物動(dòng)詞+從句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)It+過(guò)去分詞+從句Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已證實(shí)…Itissaidthat…據(jù)說(shuō)…3.主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況：(1)if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。(2)Itissaid/reported…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：正確表達(dá)：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(3)Ithappens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：正確表達(dá)：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：正確表達(dá)：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.(5)含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如：正確表達(dá)：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?4.what與that在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ).表語(yǔ)，而that則不然。例如：a)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.b)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation二.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。1.作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)(1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(that通常可以省略),例如：Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他參軍了。(2)由what,whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，例如：a)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道發(fā)生了什么。b)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。(3)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她對(duì)我說(shuō)她會(huì)接受我的邀請(qǐng)。2.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。3.作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)，例如：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。注意：that引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語(yǔ)：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以將此類詞后的that從句的看作原因狀語(yǔ)從句。4.it可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)it不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)而真正的賓語(yǔ)that從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。例如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)她下個(gè)朋就會(huì)結(jié)婚了。5.后邊不能直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞這類動(dòng)詞有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：正確表達(dá)：Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Iadmirethattheywonthematch.6.不可用that從句作直接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見(jiàn)的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。例如：正確表達(dá)：Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.7.否定的轉(zhuǎn)移若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。例如：Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。三.表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”?？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be,look,remain,seem等。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that?？墒÷浴Ａ硗?，常用的還有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.四.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。1.同位語(yǔ)從句的功能同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2.同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.3.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別(1)定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分(主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ))，而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2)定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征;同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。例如：1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.(他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。)(第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.(湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。)(同位語(yǔ)從句，that在句中不作任何成分)高一英語(yǔ)名詞性從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeaboutC.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout3.Energyis____makesthingwork..A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that4.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5.Thisis___theShenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when6.Theyhavenoideaatall____.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat8.Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave9.___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if11.Is_____hesaidreallytrue?A.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for14.???_____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If16.____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How17.____alltheinventionshaveincommonis____theyhavesucceeded.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what18.____appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That19.Itiswidely______thatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped20.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereKeys:1—5ABABC6—10AABAC11—15BBCAB16—20BCBAA第二章“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配講解"It"用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，又是近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn)，因此應(yīng)給予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it用法歸納如下：一、It用作實(shí)詞表達(dá)以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this,that;替代前文中的內(nèi)容;指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事;指代時(shí)間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象……二、It用作形式主語(yǔ)替代作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，而把真正作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。It作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型：1.代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式，其句型為(1)Itbeadj.(forsb.)todosth.此處adj.通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,unimportant,legal,illegal,well-mannered,ill-mannered,polite,impolite,clear,obvious,certain,suitable,proper,fit,useful,useless,dangerous…例Itisillegal(forateenager)todriveacarwithoutalicense.(2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此處adj.通常為描述人的形容詞：kind,unkind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,thoughtless,careful,careless,silly,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy.例It'skindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.(3)It替代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞的常見(jiàn)句型It'snogood/usedoing…It's(well)worthdoing…It's(well)worthone'swhiledoing/todo…It's(well)worthwhiledoing/todo例It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.2.It替代作主語(yǔ)的從句常見(jiàn)句型(1)Itis+noun+從句例Itisnosecretthatthepresidentwantstohaveasecondtermatoffice.(2)Itisadj.+clauseIt'ssurprisingthat…(should)………竟然……It'sapity/shamethat…(should)………竟然……例It'simportantthatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.(=It'sofmuchimportancethatyoushouldapologizetoherforyourrudeness.)(3)Itverbsb.+clause=Itisv-ing+clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze/bother/concern/frighten/please/angersb.that…例Itworriedmethatshedrovesofast.(=Itwasworryingthatshedrovesofast.)(4)Itverb(tosb.)that…=sb/sthverbtodo(verb=appear,seem,comeabout,emerge,follow,chance,happen,occur,transpire,turnout,workout)例It(so)happened/chancedthattheywereout.(=Theyhappened/chancedtobeout.)(5)Itisv-edthat…=sb/sthistodo(verb=say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,determine,intend,plan,understand,know)例Itissaidthatthecouplehavegottendivorced.(=Thecouplearesaidtohavegottendivorced.)(6)Itisv-edthat…(should)…(verb=demand,request,require,order,suggest,advise,recommend例Itissuggestedthattheyshouldbeginwiththethirdquestion.三、It作主語(yǔ)的句型1.Ittakessb.…todo…(=sbtakes…todo…)某人用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事例Ittookthemenaweektomendourroof.(=Thementookaweektomendourroof.)2.It's(just)(un)likesb.todo…(不)像某人做某事的風(fēng)格例Itwas(just)likehimtothinkofhelpingus.3.It's(about/high)timethat…should/v-ed…是該做某事的時(shí)候了例It's(about/high)timethatweshouldtakeaction.4.It'sthex-thtime(that)…h(huán)avev-ed…第幾次做某事了例It'sthethirdtimethathehasfailedthedrivingtest.5.Itis/hasbeen…since…continuousv-ed(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)某動(dòng)作已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不發(fā)生了例It's10yearsthathelivedhere6.Itwas(not)…before…過(guò)(不)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間某動(dòng)作發(fā)生了例Itwasnotlongbeforetheyarrived.四、It作形式賓語(yǔ)用來(lái)替代作賓語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，而把真正作賓語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。It作形式賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型：1.verb+it+adj./noun(for/of)todo/clause(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例Ithinkithardforyoutodothetaskonyourown./Ithinkithardthatyou'lldothetaskonyourown.2.verb+it+adj./noun(one's)doing(adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=nouse/nogood/worthone'swhile/awasteoftime/money/energy/words)(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例I'llmakeitworthyourwhiletellingmeabouthissecret.3.verb+it+important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essentialthat…(should)…verb+it+ofmuch/great/no/littleimportancethat…(should)…(verb=think,believe,suppose,consider,feel,make,keep…)例Ithinkitimportantthatyou(should)attendtheconference.4.verb+it+as+noun/adj.+clause(verb=accept,regard,take,see,view)例Thelecturertakesitasencouragingwhensomanystudentsattendhislecture.5.v.+it+prep.+that…oweittosb.that…把…歸功于…leaveittosbthat…把…留給某人去做takeitforgrantedthat…想當(dāng)然keepitinmindthat…例Don'tbothertoarrangeanything.Justleaveittometosortout.6.It用在不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞后面，尤其是表示好惡的動(dòng)詞后，enjoy,like,love,dislike,resent,hate,don'tmind,befondof,feellike,seeto賓語(yǔ)從句緊跟it之后例IhateityoucanswimsowellandIcan't.7.It用在不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句的介詞后面，賓語(yǔ)從句緊跟it之后(exceptthat例外)例I'mforitthatyouwillfollowtheiradvice.五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)…強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的任何句子成分。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)也可以用who。在使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.請(qǐng)注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句例Whenwasitthathechangedhismindtotakepartintheactivity?2.在強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能強(qiáng)調(diào)由because所引導(dǎo)的從句例Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.3.在強(qiáng)調(diào)not…until結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)必須把not與until一起放到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的位置上例ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasmybrother.4.注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別例Itwasat7o'clockthathecamehereyesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)Itwas7o'clockwhenhecamehereyesterday.(定語(yǔ)從句)六、It常用的固定搭配1.makeit(1).在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于succeed,表示：成功、做到、說(shuō)定、趕上、及時(shí)到達(dá)例It'shardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.(2).在口語(yǔ)中相當(dāng)于fixthedatefor,表示“約定好時(shí)間”例—Shallwemeetnextweek?—OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.2.asitis(1).相當(dāng)于infact,inreality表示“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際情況是……”例Wehadplanedtofinishthetasktoday,butasitisweprobablywon'tfinishituntilnextweek.(2).相當(dāng)于方式狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“照原樣”例Leavethetableasitis.3.asitwere相當(dāng)于asonemightsay,thatistosay,表示“也就是說(shuō)，可以說(shuō)，換句話說(shuō)”例Heis,asitwere,amodernSherlockHolmes.4.ifitweren'tfor…/ifithadn'tbeenfor…用來(lái)引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣，相當(dāng)于without,orbutfor,表示“如果不是……，要不是……”例Ifitweren'tforTom,Iwouldn'tbealivetoday.5.that'sit(1).相當(dāng)于That'sall.That'ssomuch.表示“至此為止，沒(méi)有別的了”例Youcanhaveonemoresweet,andthat'sit.(2).相當(dāng)于That'sright.表示“對(duì)啦”例—Iguessthekeytotheproblemisthechoice“A”—That'sit.6.catchit在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于bepunished/scoldedfordoingsth.wrong.表示“因做錯(cuò)事而挨罵，受責(zé)備，受批評(píng)，受懲罰”例We'llreallycatchitformourteacherifwe'relateforclassagain.7.haveit(1).相當(dāng)于say,insist表示“說(shuō)，主張，表明，硬說(shuō)”例Rumourhasitthattheyaregettingdivorced.(2).相當(dāng)于gettoknowsomething,表示“了解，知道，獲悉”例IhaditfromJohnthatshewasgoingabroad.8.havewhatittakes在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于bewellqualifiedfor,表示“具有成功的條件”例Youcantakeitfrommethatyourdaughterhaswhatittakestobeastar.9.soitseems/appears.10.Keepatit!(Don'tgiveup!)相當(dāng)于goon,表示“繼續(xù)做，不放棄”例Myteacheraskedmetokeepatit.11.Goit!(Goon!)拼命干,莽撞12.Nowyouhavedoneit!(Youhavedonesth.wrong.)13.Nowyou'llcatchit!(You'llbepunished.)14.Asithappened,…在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于it'sapitythat…,表示“真不湊巧，真遺憾”例Asithappened,theywereout.15.Asitturnedout,…在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于itwasfoundtobeintheend,表示“最后被證明是”例Asitturnedout,hisstatementwasfalse.16.Suchasitis(theyare)在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于althoughitmaynotbeworthmuch,表示“雖然沒(méi)有多大價(jià)值”例Youcanborrowmyexamnotebook,suchasitis.17.Takeit/thingseasy.相當(dāng)于Don'tworryordon'thurry.用來(lái)勸告別人，表示“不要慌，別擔(dān)心，存住氣”例Takeiteasy!Hewilldoitwell.18.Takeitfromme.在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于believemewhatIsay.表示“請(qǐng)相信我的話，我敢擔(dān)保”例Youcantakeitfrommethathewillmakeitthistime.19.Forwhatitisworth…在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于althoughI'mnotsureit'sofvalue,表示“不管其價(jià)值如何”例HereisthearticleIpromiseyou,forwhatit'sworth.20.Worthit在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于useful,表示“有好處，值得做”例Don'thesitateaboutit!It'sworthit.21.Believeitornot.表示“信不信由你”例Believeitornot,TomisgettingmarriedtoMarynextSunday.22.Takeitorleaveit.v.要么接受要么放棄例Thatismylastoffer.Youcantakeitorleaveit.23.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于ithasn'tbeendecidedyet,表示“那得看情況，還沒(méi)有定下來(lái)”例—Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?—It/Thatalldepends.24.It'suptosb.在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于it'sdecidedbysb.表示“由……決定，由……負(fù)責(zé)，取決于……”例—Shallwegooutfordinner?—It'suptoyou.“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配專練1.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then(88)2.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he(89)3.Idon'tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it(91)4.Does______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it(91)5.Itwasnot_____shetookoffherglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when,thatB.until,thatC.until,thatD.when,then(92)6.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected______tobemuchbetter.A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it(93)7.Itwasnotuntil1920______regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since(94)8.______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It(95)9.ItwasonlywhenIrereadthispoemsrecently_____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so(97)10.Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them(98)11.Itistheabilitytodothejob_____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it(2000)12.Ilike___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2004)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one13.—Doyoulike___here?—Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.(全國(guó)卷)A.thisB.TheseC.ThatD.it14.Weneededanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade___fromsomewood.(全國(guó)卷)A.itB.OneC.HimselfD.another15.TheforeignMinistersaid,"_____ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace."(2004北京)A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis16._____isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(2004北京)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What17.—Howoftendoyoueatout?(2004,天津)—________,butusuallyonceaweek.A.HavenoideaB.ItdependsC.AsusualD.Generallyspeaking18.Wewantedtogethomebeforedark,butitdidn'tquite_____asplaned.(2004浙江卷)A.makeoutB.turnoutC.goonD.comeup19.—Whatdoyouwanttodonext?Wehavehalfanhouruntilthebasketballgame.—________.Whateveryouwanttodoisfinewithme.A.ItjustdependsB.It'suptoyouC.AllrightD.Gladtohearthat20.Itwas____backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgoC.notunt