全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第二版第4冊課后習(xí)題答案-U4

全新版?學(xué)英語綜合教程第?版第4冊課后習(xí)題答案-U4第四課InsearchofDavosmanWilliamF.BrowderwasborninPrinceton,NewJersey,grewupinChicago,andstudiedatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.Butdon'tcallhimanAmerican.Forthepast16ofhis40yearshehaslivedoutsidetheU.S.,firstinLondonandthen,from1996,inMoscow,whereherunshisowninvestmentfirm,HermitageCapitalManagement.Browdernowmanages$1.6billioninassetsandhasmadeanameforhimself(成名)locallybycampaigningagainst（展開反對的活動(dòng)）opaqueandcorruptbusinesspractices（不透明的，腐敗的商業(yè)?為）atRussiancompanies.In1998hegaveuphisAmericanpassporttobecomeaBritishcitizen,sincehislifeisnowcentered（集中）inEurope."Nationalidentity（國家認(rèn)同）makesnodifferenceforme,"hesays."Ifeelcompletelyinternational.Ifyouhavefourgoodfriendsandyoulikewhatyouaredoing,itdoesn'tmatterwhereyouare.That'sglobalization."AlexJ.Mandlisalsoaferventbelieveringlobalization,butheviewshimselfverydifferently.Aveteran（經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的）telecommunicationsexecutive（經(jīng)理）andformerpresident（前任主席）ofAT&T,Mandl,61,wasborninAustriaandnowrunsaFrenchtechnologycompanycalledGemplusInternational,whichisdoingmoreandmorebusinessinChina.Hereckons（估計(jì)）hespendsabout90%ofhistimetravelingonbusiness.Butdespiteallthat（盡管如此）globetrotting,MandlwhohasbeenaU.S.citizenfor45yearsstillidentifies（識(shí)別）himselfasanAmerican."IseemyselfasAmericanwithoutanyhesitation（猶豫）.ThefactthatIspendalotoftimeinotherplacesdoesn'tchangethat,"hesays.AlthoughBrowderandMandldefine（定義）theirnationalitydifferently,bothseetheiridentityasamatterofpersonalchoice,notanaccident（意外）ofbirth.Andnotincidentally(偶然),bothareDavosMenmembersoftheinternationalbusinessélite（杰出?物）whotrek（艱苦跋涉）eachyeartotheSwissAlpine（阿爾卑斯?）townfortheannualmeetingoftheWorldEconomicForum(WEF),foundedin1971.Thisweek,BrowderandMandlwilljoinmorethan2,200executives（?管們）,politicians,academics(學(xué)者),journalists（新聞?dòng)浾撸?writersandahandfulof（少數(shù)）Hollywoodstarsforfivedaysofnetworking（交流）,partiesandendlessearnest（認(rèn)真的）discussionsabouteverythingfrompostelectionIraq（選后伊拉克）andHIVinAfrica（艾滋病在?洲）totheglobalsupply（供給）ofoilandtheimplicationsofnanotechnology（納?技術(shù)的含義）.Yetthisyear,perhapsmorethanever,ahottopicatDavosisDavositself.Whatevertheirconsiderabledifferences,mostDavosMenandWomenshareatleastonebelief:thatglobalizationtheunimpeded（暢通?阻的）flowsofcapital（資本流動(dòng)）,labor（勞動(dòng)?）andtechnologyacrossnationalborders（邊界）isbothwelcomeandunstoppable.Theyseetheworldincreasinglyasonevast（?闊的）,interconnected（連同的）marketplace（市場）inwhichcorporationssearchforthemostadvantageouslocationstobuy,produceandselltheirgoodsandservices.Asborders（邊界）andnationalidentities（國家?份）becomelessimportant,somefindthatthreatening（威脅）andevendangerous.Inanessay（散?）lastyearinTheNationalInterest（國家利益）entitled"DeadSouls:TheDenationalizationoftheAmericanElite（?國有化的美國精英）,"HarvardProfessorSamuelP.HuntingtondescribedDavosMan(aphrasethatfirstgotwidespread（普遍的）attentioninthe1990s)asanemergingglobalsuperspecies（?個(gè)全球新興的超級物種）andathreat（威脅）.Themembersofthisclass,hewrote,arepeoplewho"havelittleneedfornationalloyalty（忠誠）,viewnationalboundaries（看待國家邊界）asobstacles（障礙）thatthankfullyarevanishing（消失）,andseenationalgovernmentsasresidues（剩余物）fromthepastwhoseonlyusefulfunctionistofacilitate（促進(jìn)）élite's(精英的)globaloperations（運(yùn)作）."HuntingtonarguesthatDavosMan'sglobal-citizenself-image（全球公民的個(gè)?形象）isstarkly（明顯的）atoddswith（與不和）thevaluesofmostAmericans,whoremain（剩余）deeplycommitted（忠誠）totheirnation.Thisdisconnect（分離）,hesays,creates"amajorculturalfault（斷層線）lineInavarietyofways,theAmericanestablishment（確?）,governmental（政府的）andprivate,hasbecomeincreasinglydivorced（分離）fromtheAmericanpeople."Naturally,manyDavosMendon'tacceptHuntington'sterms."Huntingtonforgetsthatthereisadifferencebetweencultureontheonehand,andattitudesandlifestyleontheother,"contends(競爭)KlausSchwab,thefounder（創(chuàng)始?）andexecutivechairmanoftheWorldEconomicForum,arguingthatendorsing（簽署）aglobaloutlook（展望）doesnotmeanerasing（清除）nationalidentity."Globalizationcanneverprovideuswithculturalidentity,whichneedstobelocalandnationalinnature."（7段缺部分）NowondersomanyWesternworkersworryaboutlosingtheirjobs."Iftheissue（問題）isthesizeofthetotalpie,globalizationhasproved（證明）agoodthing,"saysOritGadiesh,chairmanofconsultants（顧問）Bain&Co."Iftheissueishowthepieisdivided,ifyou'reintheWesternworldyoucouldquestionthat."8Thebiggestshift（移動(dòng)）mayjustbestarting.Alandmark（陸標(biāo)）2003studybyGoldmanSachspredicted（預(yù)計(jì)）thatfoureconomies—Russia,Brazil,IndiaandChina—willbecomeamuchlargerforceintheworldeconomythanwidelyexpected,basedonprojections（預(yù)測）ofdemographic（??）andeconomicgrowth,withChinapotentially（可能的）overtaking（趕上）Germanythisdecade.By2050,GoldmanSachssuggested,thesefournewcomerswilllikelyhavedisplaced（取代）allbuttheU.S.andJapanfromthetopsixeconomiesintheworld.Feweconomistswouldarguethatsuchpredictionsareareasontoputthebrakes（剎車）onglobalization—evenifthatwerepossible.Butit'snolongerdisgraceful（可恥的）intheacademy（研究院）toarguethatglobalizationthreatens（威脅）totakeatoll（征稅）onadvancedeconomies.It'salsoentirelypossiblethatthenearfuturemayseethependulum(搖擺)ofcapital（?都）swingawayfrom（背離）DavosMan-styleglobalization.Onecounterpoint（對應(yīng)物）isManila（馬尼拉）Woman—low-paidmigrant（移民的）workersfromAsiaandelsewherewhoareincreasinglyproviding（以為條件）keyservicesaroundtheworld.ValerieGooding,thechiefexecutiveofBritishhealthcarecompanyBUPA,saystheBritishandU.S.healthcaresystemwouldbreakdownwithoutimmigrant（移民的）nursesfromthePhilippines,India,Nigeria（尼?利亞）andelsewhere.WhileBUPAemploysabout300peopleinIndiatohandleitsoutsourced（外包的）informationtechnologyneeds（信息技術(shù)需要）,about10%ofthenursesandhealthcareassistants（健康保健助理）initsnursinghomesandhospitalsarefromoverseas—and,unlikeDavosMan,shesays,they'renotambivalent（?盾）aboutbeingstronglypatriotic（愛國的）.NotallDavosMenseekglobalmarkets,either.PatrickSayerrunsaprivateequityfirm（股份公司）inFrancecalledEurazeo,andcomplains（抱怨）therearestilltoomanybarriers（障礙）tocross-borderbusinessinEurope,letalone（更不必說）theworld.Sohe'sfocused(注視)Eurazeoonitsdomesticmarket."Iprofit（得益于）frombeingFrenchinFrance.It'seasierformetododeals,"Sayersays."It'sth