考研考博-英語-山東中醫(yī)藥高等?？茖W?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東中醫(yī)藥高等?？茖W?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Byevacuatingtheinhabitantsinthedenselypopulatedareasofthecityandestablishingtemporaryshelters,thecity（）itselfforapossiblenewquake.

問題1選項

A.bolted

B.braced

C.reinforced

D.strapped

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:bolt“篩選；拴上；脫口而出”；B:brace“支撐；預備；準備”；C:reinforce“加固；強化；增援”；D:strap“用帶捆扎；用皮帶抽打”。句意：通過疏散該城市人口密集區(qū)域的居民，建立臨時庇護所，全城做了可能再發(fā)生一場地震的防備。根據(jù)語境和句意可知B為正確答案。

2.單選題

Aspeoplecontinuetogrowandage,ourbodysystemscontinuetochange.Atacertainpointinyourlife,yourbodysystembegantoweaken.Yourjointmaybecomestiff.Itmaybecomemoredifficultforyoutoseeandhear.Theslowchangeofagingcausesourbodiestolosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackfromdiseaseandinjury.Inordertolivelonger,wehavealwaystriedtosloworstopthisprocessthatleadsustowardtheendofourlives.

Manyfactorscontributetoyourhealth.Awell-balanceddietplaysanimportantrole.Theamountandtypeofexercisesyougetisanotherfactor.Yourlivingenvironmentandtheamountofstressyouareunderisyetanother.Butscientistsstudyingsenescencewanttoknow:Whydopeoplegrowold?Theyhopethatbyexaminingtheagingprocessonacellularlevelmedicalsciencemaybeabletoextendthelengthoflife.

Thereisnothingtobeafraidofasoldageapproaches.Manyconsiderthelaterportionsoflifetobethebesttimeforliving.Physicalactivitymaylessen,butoftenyougainabroaderunderstandingofyourselfandtheworld.

Whatweconsideroldagenowmayonlybemiddle-agedsomedaysoon.Whoknowswithsomanyadvancesinmedicalsciencehappeningsoquickly,lifespansmayonedaybemeasuredincenturies,ratherthaninyears!

1.Whenpeoplebecomeaging,theywilllosesomeoftheirabilitytobouncebackfromdiseaseandinjury,“bounceback”heremeans（）.

2.Inordertolivelonger,（）.

3.Whyaresomescientistsinterestedinstudyingsenescence?

4.Manyconsiderthelaterportionsoflifetobethebesttimeofliving,because（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,“spans”means（）.

問題1選項

A.toimproveinhealthafterone’sdiseaseandinjury

B.torunfast

C.torecoverfromdiseaseandinjury

D.tojumpafterrecovering

問題2選項

A.weshouldpostponetheprocessofaging

B.weshouldtrytodosomeexercise

C.wehavetotrytobeonadiet

D.weshouldkeepinhighspirits

問題3選項

A.Theymaybeabletofindbetterwaystoourlife.

B.Iftheypindownthebiochemicalprocessthatmakesusage,therewillbehopeforextendingthelengthoflife.

C.Theywantfindoutifthereisalinkbetweenhowefficientlyacellcouldrepairitselfandhowlongacreaturelives.

D.Theywanttoincreasethegeneralabilityofourbodies.

問題4選項

A.theyhaveaverygoodunderstandingofthemselvesandtheoutsideworld

B.theyhavenothingtodoalldaylongonlytowatchtheirgrandchildrengrowinguparoundthem

C.theyhavecomethroughthebattleoflifesafely

D.theyconsidertheirlifehasbeenasuccessfulone

問題5選項

A.alongperiodoftime

B.alengthoftime

C.alongdistancefromoneplacetoanother

D.longevity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第五句“Theslowchangeofagingcausesourbodiestolosesomeoftheir

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Inordertolivelonger,wehavealwaystriedtoslowor

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Theyhopethatbyexaminingtheagingprocessonacellularlevelmedicalsciencemaybeabletoextendthelengthoflife.”他們希望通過在細胞層次上研究衰老過程，醫(yī)學可能延長人們的壽命。選項B符合原文。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Physicalactivitymaylessen,butoftenyougainabroaderunderstandingofyourselfandtheworld.”選項A符合原文。

5.詞匯推斷題。根據(jù)原文句意：lifespans將來也許會以幾個世紀來計算，而不是以幾年來計算。由此可推斷，spans指時間的長短。所以選項B正確。

3.填空題

Itispreciselythiskindofconversationwhichisofimportancewhenweareseekingtodevelopourreadingtomeetthenewdemandsbeingplaceduponusbystudyingatahigherlevel.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Bwhich改為that

【解析】【考查點】強調(diào)句。

【解題思路】Itis…that…為強調(diào)句，此題強調(diào)這種對話的重要性，引導詞用that。

【句意】當我們想方設(shè)法提高閱讀能力，以匹配更高的學習水平和隨之而來的新要求時，這種對話尤為重要。

4.單選題

Intoday’sworkingworldtherolesofmenandwomenarebecoming（）.

問題1選項

A.dwarfed

B.incorporated

C.correlated

D.blurred

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項dwarfed“矮小的”；B選項incorporated“合并的”；C選項correlated“有互相關(guān)系的”；D選項blurred“模糊的，記不清的”。句意：在當今的工作世界中，男性和女性的角色正變得越來越（）。按照選項和題干的意思，可以判斷出此處想要表達的意思是“男性角色和女性角色的（邊界）變得越來越模糊?！币虼薉選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Analystshavehadtheirgoathumor,andIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature,butwithoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,butthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsarediscouragingtoanybutthepurescientificmind.

InanewsreeltheatretheotherdayIsawapictureofamanwhohaddevelopedthesoapbubbletoahigherpointthanithadeverbeforereached.HehadbecametheacesoapbubbleblowerofAmerica,hadperfectedthebusinessofblowingbubbles,refinedit,doubledit,squaredit,andhadevenworkedhimselfupintoaconvenientlather.Theeffectwasnotpretty.Someofthebubblesweretoobigtobebeautiful,andtheblowerwasalwaysjumpingintothemoroutofthem,orplayingsomesortofunattractivetrickwiththem.Itwas,ifanything,aratherrepulsivesight.Humorisalittlelikethat:itwon’tstandmuchblowingup,anditwon’tstandmuchpoking.Ithasacertainfragility,anevasiveness,whichonehadbestrespect.Essentially,itisacompletemystery.Ahumanframeconvulsedwithlaughter,andthelaughterbecominghystericalanduncontrollable,isasfaroutofbalanceasoneshakenwiththehiccoughsorinthethroesofasneezingfit.

Oneofthethingscommonlysaidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysadpeople—clownwithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit,butitisbadlystated.Itwouldbemoreaccurate,Ithink,tosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumorist,perhapsmoresensibleofitthansomeothers,compensatesforitactivelyandpositively.Humoristsfattenontrouble.Theyhavealwaysmadetroublepay.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepaincheerfully,knowinghowwellitwillservetheminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguages,fightingfoldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipes,sufferingtheterriblediscomfortoftightboots(orasJoshBillingwittilycalledthem,“tite”boots).Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitably，inaformthatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe.

1.Thecentralthemeofthisessayis:（）

2.ThemainideaofParagraph2is:（）

3.Whydoestheauthorfeelthatwhenhumorisdissected,itdiesintheprocess?（）

4.Theword“melancholy”inParagraph3probablymeans（）.

5.Inhisfinalsentence,theauthorisevokinganimageof（）.

問題1選項

A.Thereislittlehumorinoldnewsreel.

B.Humorcanbedissectedlikeafrog.

C.Humorisessentiallyamystery,andbecausehumoristsaremoreawareofmelancholy,theyseemsadderthanmostpeople.

D.Humoristsneedtocompensateforthepaintheyhavesuffered.

問題2選項

A.Theauthoroncesawapictureofthelargestsoapbubbleevermade.

B.Thebubbleblowingperformancewasarepulsivesight.

C.Humorisfragile.

D.Laughterisnotameasureofhumor.

問題3選項

A.Thefuninhumorliesinexaminingitscontents.

B.Humormusttantalizethesensesonimpact—ifithastobeexplained,itlosesitseffect.

C.Humorisbestenjoyedbypeoplewithscientificminds.

D.Agoodhumoristshouldexplainhisorherjoketomakesureeveryoneunderstandsit.

問題4選項

A.joy

B.sadness

C.hysteria

D.exhilaration

問題5選項

A.theocean

B.sparklinggerms

C.hightide

D.flowingwater

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:作者認為幽默是生活中的一部分。文章第一段提到了分析師分析幽默的行為。第二段舉了吹肥皂泡的例子，引出幽默的本質(zhì)。最后一段作者提到幽默家并不是真正的快樂。選項C符合題意。

第2題:文章第二段以吹肥皂泡表演開始，接下來提到humorisalittlelikethat,幽默與吹肥皂泡相似：脆弱而又飄忽不定。作者還認為幽默就是一個謎（Essentially,itisacompletemystery）。選項C符合題意。

第3題:文章第一段最后一句話提到Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,butthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsarediscouragingtoanybutthepurescientificmind，意思就是經(jīng)過剖析后的幽默除了純科學頭腦，其他人只會變得沮喪。也就是說經(jīng)過剖析后的幽默斷然無存。選項B符合題意。

第4題:題干出現(xiàn)在文章第三段第三句話，后面提到幽默家是靠煩惱致富的，他們能夠從煩惱中獲得補償（Humoristsfattenontrouble.Theyhavealwaysmadetroublepay）。因此melancholy這個詞應該是表示消極意思的詞。選項B與trouble意思相近，所以符合題意。

第5題:文章最后一句Beneaththesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe“在光鮮亮麗的外表下，背后遭罪”，選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Attheweddingceremony,thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedringsasa______oftheirlove.

問題1選項

A.present

B.token

C.mark

D.sign

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.present禮物；禮品B.token象征；標志

C.mark污點；污漬D.sign跡象；征兆

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)thebridegroomandhisbrideexchangedrings（新郎和新娘交換了戒指）可推知，交換戒指是愛情的象征，故該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】在婚禮上，新郎和新娘交換了戒指作為他們愛情的象征。

7.單選題

Diseasesofthetwenty-firstcenturyareinevitablybedifferentfromthoseofthetwentiethcentury;justasourpresentillnesseshavebeenquitedifferentfromthoseofthenineteenthcentury.Althoughourhealthisimprovinginmanywaysandwearelivinglongerthaninpreviousdecades,newdiseasesandconditionsthreatenthequalityofourlives.Wehavealreadyobservedsomesignificantchangesinthe1980sthatforetoldwhathealthproblemslieaheadinthetwenty-firstcentury:

Diseasesoftheimmunesystem,notjustAIDSbutvariousconditionsofadeficientoroveractiveimmunesystem,havereachedepidemicproportions.

Thenumberofpeoplesufferingfromviralconditionsthatareincurablewithconventionaltherapiesisincreasing,andthenumberofnewlydefinedviralconditions,suchastheEpstein-BarrVirusandcytomegalovirus,isalsoincreasingsignificantly.

Moreandmorebacterialinfectionsarebecomingresistanttocommonlyusedantibioticsandarerequiringstrongerantibiotics,whichalsoarenetalwayssuccessfulincuringtheinfections.

Allergiestofoods,tocommonsubstancessuchasanimalhairsandhousedust,andtonewchemicalsarebecomingmoreprevalent.OneinsevenAmericanshadanallergyin1950,asmanyasoneinfivehadanallergyin1970,andapproximately75millionAmericans,ornearlyoneinthree,hadanallergyin1985.

Chronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerages.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,thepercentageofchildrenunder17yearsofagewhoarelimitedinactivityduetochronicconditionsincreasedby86%from1967to1979.

Mentaldiseaseisaffectingmoreandmorepeople.TheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthestimatedin1984thatoneineveryfiveAmericanshadamentaldisorder.Thissamestudyrevealedthat,duringasix-monthperiod,8.3%ofAmericanssufferedfromananxietydisorder,6.4%hadanalcoholordrugproblem,and6%hadamooddisorder.

Inadditiontothesevarioustrends,oneofthemoresignificantfactsthatwillaffectthefutureofhealthcareisthatlargerpercentageofthepopulationwillbeover65yearsold.AccordingtoprojectionsbytheUSBureauoftheCensus,thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationOver65in1985willhavedoubledby2030.

Futuristsgenerallyassumethattwenty-firstcenturymedicinewillincludenewandmore-powerfuldrugsandvariousinnovativetechnologicalinterventions.However,futuriststendtoignoretheseriousproblemspresentlyarisingfromconventionalmedications.Accordingto1986statistics,theaverageAmericanreceives7.5prescriptionsayeahThisisaparticularlyfrighteningnumberbecauseweallknowtherearepeoplewhohavenotbeenprescribedanymedicationsinthepastyear,whichmeansthatsomeoneelseisgettingtheir7.5drugs.

Sincemostdrugshavesideeffects,someofwhicharequiteserious,andsincethesickpersonisoftenprescribedseveraldrugsatthesametime,anyofwhichmayhaveevengreaterpotentialforsideeffects,itisnowonderthat50%ofthetimepeopledonotevengettheirdrugprescriptionsfilled.Additionallyvariousstudieshaveindicatedthat25%to90%ofthetimepatientsmakeerrorsinadministeringthemedicines.Despitetherespectthatpeoplegenerallyshowinwardpresent-dayphysicians,theredoesnotseemtobeequalconfidenceinthetreatmentstheyprescribe.

1.Thatdiseasesofthe21stcenturyaredifferentfromthoseof20thcenturyis（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdiseasesoftheimmunesystem?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.Wemayinferfromthepassagethat（）.

5.AccordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth,in1984,（）.

問題1選項

A.whatscientistsareworriedabout

B.awell-groundedstatement

C.drawnonchangesinthemedicalprofession

D.notnecessarilytrue

問題2選項

A.TheyrefertoAIDSonly.

B.Theybecomeepidemicinthe21stcentury.

C.Theycropupinvariousorgans.

D.Theymakepatientsoveractiveandfeelrestless.

問題3選項

A.Casesofchronicdisabilityincreasedbyanalarmingrateof86%inthelate1980s.

B.Chronicdisabilityusedtoaffectoldpeopleonly.

C.Chronicdisabilitycausessomepeopletobelimitedinactivity.

D.Chronicdisabilityhasincreasedgreatlyamongtheteenagers.

問題4選項

A.manyofthe21stcenturydiseasesarecloselyrelatedtotheenvironment

B.theaveragelifespanwillbecomestilllongerdespiteallthefuturediseases

C.man'sabilitytoresistdiseaseswillnotchangewithtime

D.peopleofthe21stcenturyknowbetterhowtomakefulluseoftheirprescribedmedicine.

問題5選項

A.25%oftheAmericanshadamentaldisorder

B.doctorspredictedthatthementalcaseswouldbedeclininginthe21thcentury

C.thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationover65withmentaldisorderswasdoubled

D.casesofmentaldisordersincreasedquickly

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.本題可采用排除法。選項A在文中沒有提及科學家們的擔心,所以不正確；根據(jù)第一段第一句“Diseasesofthetwenty-firstcenturyareinevitablybedifferentfromthoseofthetwentiethcentury;”可知選項D錯誤；結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文講述的是20世紀存在的事實,由此可知是對21世紀的推測,所以選項B表述也不正確；只有選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,免疫系統(tǒng)疾病,不僅是艾滋病,甚至包括免疫系統(tǒng)缺陷或過度活躍的各種情況,都已達到流行病的程度。選項B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第六段第一句“Chronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerages.”可知,選項B不正確。

4.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句,除了這些不同的趨勢之外,影響醫(yī)療保健未來的一個更重要的事實是,65歲以上的人口比例將更大。也就是說,盡管未來會有各種疾病,但人類的平均壽命將會變得更長。選項B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theNationalInstituteofMentalHealth”定位到倒數(shù)第四段,根據(jù)上下文,精神疾病正在影響越來越多的人,每五個美國人中就有一個患有精神障礙。由此可知,精神疾病的病例迅速增加。選項D符合原文。

8.單選題

Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.Theyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.Theythinkmoreforthemselvesanddonotblindlyaccepttheidealsoftheirelders.Eventswhichtheoldergenerationremembersvividlyarenothingmorethanpasthistory.Thisisasitshouldbe.Everynewgenerationisdifferentfromtheonethatprecededit.Todaythedifferenceisverymarkedindeed.

Theoldalwaysassumethattheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthisispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.Officehours,forinstance,arenothingmorethanenforcedslavery.Wouldn’tpeopleworkbestiftheyweregivencompletefreedomandresponsibility?Andwhataboutclothing?Whosaidthatallthemenintheworldshouldweardrabgreysuitsandconvicthaircuts?Ifweruinourmindstomoreseriousmatters,whosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans?Whyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolvetheirproblems?Whyaretheysounhappyandguilt-riddenintheirpersonallives,soobsessedwithmeanambitionsandthedesiretoamassmoreandmorematerialpossessions?Cananythingberightwiththerat-race?Haven’ttheoldlosttouchwithallthatisimportantinlife?

Thesearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugofflightly.Theirrecordoverthepastfortyyearsorsohasn’tbeenexactlyspotless.Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguidance.Today,thesituationmightbereversed.Theold—iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit—couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot“sinful”.Enjoymentisaprincipleonecouldapplytoallaspectsoflife.Itissurelynotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandenjoyyourleisure,toshedrestrictinginhibitions.Itissurelynotwrongtoliveinthepresentratherthaninthepastorfuture.Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpectedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb:theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation.Thisistheirgloriousheritage.Canwebesurprisethattheyshouldsooftenquestionthesanityofthegenerationthatbequeathedit?

13.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesintheyoungisNOTmentioned?

14.Whatdotheyoungrejectmost?

15.Thephrase“shrugoff”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto____.

16.Whydotheyoungstressonthepresent?

17.Whatcantheoldlearnfromtheyounggeneration?

18.Thepassageisfocusedon____.

問題1選項

A.Bettereducated.

B.Moremoneyandfreedom.

C.Independence.

D.Hardwork.

問題2選項

A.Values.

B.Theassumptionoftheelders.

C.Conformity.

D.Conventionalideas.

問題3選項

A.getridof

B.takeoff

C.giveacoldshoulder

D.thinkof

問題4選項

A.Theyhavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb.

B.Theydislikethepast.

C.Theythinkthepresentworldisthebest.

D.Theyareafraidofdestruction.

問題5選項

A.Enjoymentisnotsinful.

B.Peopleshouldhavemoreleisuretime.

C.Menmightenjoylife.

D.Oneshouldenjoyone’swork.

問題6選項

A.thegapbetweenoldpeopleandyoungpeople

B.theolddon’tlikevaluestobequestioned

C.theoldgiveguidancetotheyoung

D.theoldcouldlearnfromtheyoung

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:D

【解析】13.事實細節(jié)題。

1）精準定位：根據(jù)題干“以下哪個年輕人的特征沒有被提到”可定位到原文第1段。

A選項“受教育程度更高”，可定位到本段第4句Theyoungarebettereducated.（年輕人受到了更好的教育。）由此可知，選項表述與原文一致。

B選項“更多的金錢和自由”，可定位到本段第5句Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.（他們有更多的錢可以花，享受更多的自由。）由此可知，選項表述與原文一致。

C選項“獨立”，可定位到本段第6句Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.（他們成長得更快，不那么依賴父母。）由此可知，選項表述與原文一致。

D選項“努力工作”，原文并未提及。

2）綜合理解：本題要求選擇沒有被提到的特點，A、B、C選項原文都提到了，屬于反向干擾；只有D選項未被提及，符合題意。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

14.事實細節(jié)題。

1）精準定位：根據(jù)題干“年輕人最排斥什么”可定位到原文第2段。

A選項“價值觀”，可定位到本段第2-3句Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthisispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.（他們不喜歡自己的價值觀受到質(zhì)疑或威脅。這正是年輕人正在做的事情。）原文僅指出，年輕人質(zhì)疑老一輩的價值觀，而不是選項所說的所有“價值觀”，該選項屬于過度推理，排除。

B選項“老一輩的設(shè)想”，可定位到本段第4句Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.（他們質(zhì)疑老一輩的設(shè)想，擾亂他們的自滿情緒。）原文指出年輕人質(zhì)疑老一輩的設(shè)想，可以推斷出他們排斥老一輩的設(shè)想。

C選項“隨大流”，原文并未提及。

D選項“傳統(tǒng)的觀念”，原文并未提及。

2）綜合理解：A選項表述錯誤，屬于過度推理，C、D選項原文并未提及，屬于無中生有。B選項表述與原文相符，符合題意。因此，本題最佳選項為B。

15.詞匯推測題。

1）句中前后信息銜接：根據(jù)題干定位到原文第3段第1句Thesearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugofflightly.（這些問題不是老一輩可以輕易____的。）由此可知，shrugoff是老一輩的人對這些問題的行為。

2）上下文語義銜接：上文第2段第4句Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.（他們質(zhì)疑上一輩的設(shè)想，擾亂他們的自滿情緒。）由此可知，年輕人的這些問題是對上一輩的某些設(shè)想的質(zhì)疑，挑戰(zhàn)的是老一輩的自滿。因此，shrugoff是老一輩的人對年輕人質(zhì)疑的態(tài)度或反應。并且，根據(jù)第2段第2句Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.（他們不喜歡自己的價值觀受到質(zhì)疑或威脅。）由此可知，他們的態(tài)度應該是不喜歡，所以shrugoff的詞義應該與不喜歡相關(guān)，排除B選項“起飛；脫下；離開”、D選項“認為；想到”。

3）篇章主旨：本題不需要參考。

4）搭配用法：shrugoff的對象是questions（年輕人的質(zhì)疑），B、D選項不能與之搭配，排除。

5）詞匯本身：shrugoff中shrug的意思是“聳肩”，off的意思是“離開”，結(jié)合來看，字面意思是“聳肩以脫離”，與C選項giveacoldshoulder“（字面意思）提供一個冷的肩膀”意思最接近，兩者的引申義均為“不予理睬”。

綜上所述，本題最佳選項為C。

16.事實細節(jié)題。

1）精準定位：根據(jù)題干“為什么年輕人強調(diào)當下”，可定位到原文第3段倒數(shù)第3句Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpectedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb:theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation.（這種對當下的強調(diào)是意料之中的，因為年輕人是在炸彈的陰影下長大的：持續(xù)不斷的徹底毀滅的威脅。）

2）綜合理解：由此可知，A選項“他們是在炸彈的陰影下長大的”，表述符合原文。B選項“他們不喜歡過去”、C選項“他們認為當下是最好的”、D選項“他們害怕毀滅”原文均未提及，屬于無中生有，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為A。

17.事實細節(jié)題。

1）精準定位：根據(jù)題干“老年人能從年輕人身上學到什么”，可定位到原文第3段。本段第5句Theold—iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit—couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.（老年人，如果他們愿意承認的話，可以從他們的孩子身上學到一兩件事。）

A選項“享樂不是罪惡的”，可定位到本段第6句Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot“sinful”.（他們能學到的最重要的一課就是享受并不是“罪惡的”。）由此可知，選項表述符合原文。

B、C、D選項，可定位到本段第8句Itissurelynotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandenjoyyourleisure,toshedrestrictinginhibitions.（享受你的工作，享受你的閑暇，擺脫束縛，當然沒有錯。）原文提到了享受閑暇時間沒有錯，但并沒有說要有更多的閑暇時間，B選項“人們應該有更多的閑暇時間”屬于偷換概念，排除。D選項“我們應該享受自己的工作”，原文有提到，表述符合原文；原文提到“享受你的工作，享受你的閑暇，擺脫束縛”，也就是在享受生活，C選項“人們可以享受生活”表述也符合原文。

2）綜合理解：題干問“老年人可以從年輕人身上學到什么”，A、C、D選項表述都符合原文，但是，A選項概括性更強，C、D選項是對A選項“享樂不是罪惡的”的具體例子，因此，本題最佳選項為A。

18.主旨大意題。

1）梳理各段核心句：

第1段：本段第1-3句Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.（老人們總是說年輕人已今非昔比了，同樣的觀點代代相傳，而且總是正確的，這一點從未像今天這樣真實。）由此可知，本段主要介紹年輕人和老一輩的不同。

第2段：本段第4句Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.（他們質(zhì)疑長輩們的假設(shè)，擾亂他們的自滿情緒。）由此可知，本段主要介紹年輕人對老一輩的質(zhì)疑。

第3段：本段第5-6句Theold—iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit—couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot“sinful”.（老年人，如果他們愿意承認的話，可以從他們的孩子身上學到一兩件事。他們能學到的最重要的一課就是享受并不是“罪惡的”。）由此可知，本段主要介紹老年人可以從年輕人身上學到的東西，其中一點就是享受不是罪惡的。

總的來說，本文層層深入，先鋪墊背景，年輕人與老年人的不同，再說年輕人的質(zhì)疑，最后落腳點在，老年人可以從年輕人身上學到的東西。題干“這篇文章的重點是____”，D選項“老年人可以向年輕人學習”最符合題意。

2）排除干擾項：

A選項“老年人和年輕人之間的差距”，這是本文第一段的內(nèi)容，但不是本文的重點，該選項屬于本末倒置。

B選項“老人們不喜歡價值觀受到質(zhì)疑”，可定位到第2段第2句Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.（他們不喜歡自己的價值觀受到質(zhì)疑或威脅。）但是原文提到這一點，是為了引出年輕人對老一輩的質(zhì)疑，所以該選項也不是文章的重點，屬于本末倒置。

C選項“老人給年輕人以指導”，可定位到第3段第3句Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguidance.（傳統(tǒng)上，年輕人會向長輩尋求指導。）但是原文提到這一點，是為了引出后文Today,thesituationmightbereversed.（今天，情況可能會逆轉(zhuǎn)。）所以該選項也不是文章的重點，屬于本末倒置。

綜上，本題最佳選項為D。

9.單選題

Inthe1930’s，whenmillionsofcomicbookswere（）theyoungwithfightingandkilling,nobodyseemedtonoticethattheviolenceofcarsinthestreetswasmorehysterical.

問題1選項

A.inundating

B.imitating

C.immolating

D.insulating

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。inundate“淹沒；泛濫”；imitate“模仿；仿制”；immolate“獻祭；犧牲”；insulate“隔離；使絕緣”。句意：在1930年代,當數(shù)以百萬計的漫畫書用打斗和殺戮……年輕一代，似乎沒有人注意到在街上汽車的暴力更瘋狂一些。漫畫書無處不在的暴力讓年輕人深陷其中，選擇“淹沒”更符合句意。因此A選項符合題意。

10.單選題

ThewidespreadadoptionoftheInternetandtheWebmakesitpossibletoadministerquestionnairesurveyselectronically,potentiallyachievingmuchgreatercost-effectivenessandpermittingtheintegrationofdatafrommanyresources.Atthesametime,therearesignificanttechnicalchallengesthatmustbemet,especiallyintheareasoflogisticsandsampling.Recognizingtheneedforinnovationinthisandrelatedareas,theNSFMethodology,Measurement,andStatisticsProgram,incollaborationwithaconsortiumoffederalstatisticalagenciesrepresentedbytheInteragencyCouncilofStatisticalPolicyandtheFederalCommitteeonStatisticalMethodology,hasheldaspecialcompetitiononsurveyresearchmethods.Includedamongthetopicareasinthecompetitionannouncementis"secureandeasy-to-usemethodsofcollectingsurveydataviatheWeb".

Today'sleadingsocialscientificsurveysareveryexpensiveinterviewstudiesofnationalsamples.Forexample,theGSSadministersa90-minuteface-to-faceinterviewto1500Americanadultsatacostofabout$500perinterview.However,therespondentsarenotatruerandomsamplebecausecostconsiderationswithrespecttotheinterviewer'stravelrequirethatrespondentsberecruitedinalimitednumberofgeographicclusters,andthereisnolistofresidentsfromwhicharandomsamplecouldbedrawn.Thesmallnumberofgeographicareassurveyedlimitsscientists'abilitytolinkGSSdatatoothergeographicallybaseddatasuchastheU.S.census.BecauseofthehighcostandthemanyresearchcommunitiesthatseektimeintheGSS,itisimpossibletoincludemorethanahandfulofquestiononanyparticulartopic.ThispreventstheGSSfromemployingmuchofthebestmethodologyofmeasurementscaleconstruction,whichrequiresinclusionofalargenumberofitems.SurveysliketheGSSwillbeneededinfuturedecadestochartthechangingsocial,economic,andpoliticalconditionsoftheAmericanpublic.Butmanytypesofsocialsciencewilladvancemorerapidlythroughsurveysadministeredovertheweb.

Web-basedsurveyscanreachverylargenumbersofrespondentsatlowcost.Theywillbegeographicallydispersedsothattheirdatacanbe,linkedtothecensus,tolocaleconomicinformation,andtodatafromotherweb-basedsurveys.Itmightnotbepossibletoholdtheintervieweesinterestforthefull90-minutequestionnaireoftheGSS,butshorterdurationsurveysadministeredtoverylargenumberofrespondentscaninaggregateinclude,farmoreitems,therebypermittingmuchfinermeasurementofscientificallyinterestingvariables.ThehighcostofmajornationalsurveysgenerallyhasrestrictedthetopicstudiedtothosethatespeciallyrequirehighlyrepresentativesamplessuchasfamilystructureandeconomicstatusinthePanelStudyofIncomeDynamicsandvotingbehaviorintheAmericanNationalElectionStudy,datafrombothofwhicharenowfreelyavailableovertheweb.Avastarrayofotherscientificresearchareas,therefore,havelanguishedfrommanyyearswithoutthelarge-scalesurveydatathatwouldpermitknowledgetoprogress.

1.AdministeringsurveysviatheWebwouldresultin（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout（）.

3.Whatmakestraditionalsurveysunscientificaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.TheauthorfirmlybelievesthatWeb-basedsurveyswill（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthelastsentencethat（）.

問題1選項

A.thereductionofcostinvolvedindatacollection

B.secureandeasy-to-usemethodsofcollectingdata

C.moreconvincingconclusionsonthematersurveyed

D.allofabove

問題2選項

A.thedifferencesbetweentheWeb-basedandtraditionalsurveys

B.theadvantagesortheWeb-basedsurveys

C.theweaknessofthetraditionalsurveys

D.thecostinvolv