考研考博-英語-南寧師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南寧師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Manychildrenoften（）whyairplanescanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expect

B.wonder

C.assume

D.anticipate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)expect“猜想；認(rèn)為；料想”；B選項(xiàng)wonder“想知道，琢磨”；C選項(xiàng)assume“設(shè)想；承擔(dān)；采取”；D選項(xiàng)anticipate“預(yù)期；期盼”。句意：許多孩子經(jīng)常（）為什么飛機(jī)能像鳥一樣飛，而我們?nèi)祟惒荒?。根?jù)語境，wonder“想知道，琢磨”和why搭配比較合理。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

Itwasableak,rainyday,andIhadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroadtomydaughterCarolyn’shouse.ButshehadinsistedthatIcomeandseesomethingatthetopofthemountain.

Turningdownanarrowtrack,weparkedthecarandgotout.Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.Hugeblackgreenevergreenstoweredover.Graduallythepeaceandsilenceoftheplacebegantofillmymind.Thenweturnedacorner—andIstoppedandgaspedinamazement.

Fromthetopofthemountain,slopingforseveralacresacrossfoldsandvalleyswereriversofdaffodilsinradiantbloom.Aprofusionofcolor—fromthepalestivorytothedeepestlemontothemostvividsalmon—blazedlikeacarpetbeforeus.Itlookedasthoughthesunhadtippedoverandspilledgolddownthemountainside.

Ariotofquestionsfilledmymind.Whocreatedsuchbeauty?Why?How?

Asweapproachedthehomethatstoodinthecenteroftheproperty,wesawasign:ANSWERSTOTHEQUESTIONSIKNOWYOUAREASKING.Thefirstanswerwas:ONEWOMAN—TWOHANDS,TWOFEETANDVERYLITTLEBRAIN.Thesecondwas:ONEATATIME.Thethird:STARTEDIN1958.

Aswedrovehome,IwassomovedbywhatwehadseenthatIcouldscarcelyspeak.“Shechangedtheworld,”Ifinallysaid,“onebulbatatime.Shestartedalmost40yearsago,probablyjustthebeginningofanidea,butshekeptatit.”Thewonderofitwouldnotletmego.“Imagine,”Isaid,“ifI’dhadavisionandworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday,whatmighthaveIaccomplished?”

【答案】【參考譯文】凄風(fēng)細(xì)雨，山路蜿蜒，我毫無興致驅(qū)車前往女兒卡羅琳的家?？膳畠阂欢ㄒ仪叭タ纯瓷巾斏系木爸隆?/p>

轉(zhuǎn)過一條狹窄的小道我們停下車出來，沿著鋪滿厚厚一層松針的小路走去。頭頂上高大的墨綠色常青樹聳入云霄。漸漸地這地方的平和寧靜開始令我陶醉。然后我們拐了個(gè)彎，我停下了腳步，驚詫不已。

從山頂往下好幾英畝的山坡上，滿是怒放的水仙花，猶如江河直下，越過山坳，穿過峽谷，一片五彩繽紛：有潔凈無比的象牙白，有極其濃郁的檸檬黃，有鮮艷奪目的鮭魚橙，如同一幅地毯展現(xiàn)在我們而前，令人眼花繚亂。仿佛太陽傾翻了，把一片金光溢瀉到了山坡上。

一大堆問題在我的腦海中翻騰。誰創(chuàng)造了這種美景？為什么要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造？又是如何創(chuàng)造的？

我們走近這塊寶地中央的屋子，只見一塊牌子上寫著：我知道你要問的問題，答案如下。答案一：一位婦女，一雙手，兩只腳，而且天資不高。答案二：一次種一株。答案三：開始于1958年。

驅(qū)車回家的路上，我為所見的一切感動(dòng)不已，無言以對(duì)?！八脑炝耸澜纾蔽医K于說道?！耙淮畏N一株。她幾乎40年前就開始了。當(dāng)時(shí)也許只是一念之閃，但她持之以恒?！边@一奇觀令我回味良久?！霸囅?，”我說道，“如果我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，并為之努力，每天干一點(diǎn)，最后我會(huì)做出怎樣的成績(jī)呢？”

3.翻譯題

Arecentphenomenoninpresent-dayscienceandtechnologyistheincreasingtrendtoward“directed”or“programmed”research;i.e.researchwhosescopeandobjectivesarepredeterminedbyprivateorgovernmentorganizationsratherthanresearchersthemselves.Anyscientistworkingforsuchorganizationsandinvestigatinginagivenfieldthereforetendstodosoinaccordancewithaplanorprogramdesignedbeforehand.

Atthebeginningofthecentury,however,thesituationwasquitedifferent.Atthattimetherewerenoindustrialresearchorganizationsinthemodernsense;thelaboratoryunitconsistedofafewscientistsatthemost,assistedbyoneortwotechnicians.Nevertheless,thescientist,oftenworkingwithinadequateequipmentinunsuitablerooms,wasfreetochooseanysubjectforinvestigationheliked,sincetherewasnopredeterminedprogramtowhichhehadtoconform.

Asthecenturydeveloped,theincreasingmagnitudeandcomplexityoftheproblemstobesolvedmadeitimpossible,inmanycases,fortheindividualscientisttodealwiththehugemassofnewdata,techniquesandequipmentthatwererequiredforcarryingoutresearchaccuratelyandefficiently.Theincreasingscaleandscopeoftheexperimentsneededtotestnewhypothesesanddevelopnewtechniquesandindustrialprocessesledtothesettingupofresearchgroupsorteamsusinghighly-complicatedequipmentinelaborately-designedlaboratories.Owingtothelargesumofmoneyinvolved,itwasthenfeltessentialtodirectthesehumanandmaterialresourcesintospecificchannelswithclearly-definedobjectives.Inthiswayitwasconsideredthatthequickestandmostpracticalresultscouldbeobtained.This,then,wasprogrammed(programmatic)research.

Oneoftheeffectsofthisorganizedandstandardizedinvestigationistocausethescientisttobecomeincreasinglyinvolvedinappliedresearch(development),especiallyinthebranchesofsciencewhichseemmostlikelytohaveindustrialapplications.Privateindustryandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlong-rangeinvestigations.

Inconsequence,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsfromthepuretotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailable,frequentlymorehighly-paidandwithbettertechnicalfacilitiesthanjobsconnectedwithpureresearchinauniversity.

Owingtotheinterdependencebetweenpureandappliedscience,itiseasytoseethatthissystem,ifextendedtoofar,carriesconsiderabledangersforthefutureofscience—notonlypurescience,butappliedscienceaswell.

【答案】現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的一個(gè)最新現(xiàn)象是:科學(xué)研究越來越朝著“有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的”或“有計(jì)劃的”趨勢(shì)發(fā)展，也就是說，研究的范圍和目標(biāo)是由私營(yíng)機(jī)構(gòu)或政府機(jī)構(gòu)，而不是由研究人員自己事先決定的。

隨著本世紀(jì)時(shí)間的推移，有待解決的問題的重要性與日俱增，其復(fù)雜性日趨深化。這就使單個(gè)的科學(xué)家在許多情況下無法處理進(jìn)行精確而又高效研究所需要的大量新資料、新技術(shù)和新設(shè)備。

因此，科學(xué)家不斷從純科學(xué)領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)移到應(yīng)用科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，因?yàn)檫@一領(lǐng)域有更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)。同大學(xué)里的純理論研究工作相比，這些工作的待遇往往更優(yōu)厚，技術(shù)設(shè)施也更好。

4.單選題

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（）toheartattack.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prone

B.disposed

C.infectious

D.accessible

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beproneto“易于…，有…的傾向”；bedisposedto“愿意…，使易感染”；beaccessibleto“容易接近的，容易進(jìn)入的”。句意：醫(yī)生對(duì)于運(yùn)用激光給心臟病人做手術(shù)很感興趣。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Whatisperhapsofgreatimportanceisthefactthatshechallengedthedecisionofheremployersandwonthecase（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intheextreme

B.tothepoint

C.againstallodds

D.aroundthecomer

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。intheextreme“非常，極度”；tothepoint“中肯，切題”；againstallodds“困難重重”；aroundthecomer“即將到來”。語境為：最重要的或許在于，她敢于質(zhì)疑雇主的決定，并且克服重重困難最終獲得勝利。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

Languageelementsaretoaliteraturework（

）constructionmaterialstoabuilding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)合句意可知are后面缺個(gè)名詞做表語，只有what可以，句意為：語言對(duì)于文學(xué)作品而言就如建筑材料對(duì)于建筑物一樣。故答案選C。

7.單選題

Thetwoscholarsworkedatthetaskofwritingaprefacetothenewdictionaryforthreehours（）lastnight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlength

B.infull

C.onend

D.intime

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A：atlength“最后，詳細(xì)地”；選項(xiàng)B：infull“全部，充分，充足”；選項(xiàng)C：onend“連續(xù)地；豎著”;選項(xiàng)D：intime“及時(shí)”。由題意可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。句意：為了給那本新詞典寫序，這兩位學(xué)者昨晚連續(xù)花了三個(gè)小時(shí)。

8.單選題

Wecannotbe（）withhimduetohismisbehavioratthemeetingyesterday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Pecked

B.reconciled

C.perturbed

D.presumed

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。peck啄食；perturb感到不安；presumed推定。Bereconcilewith為固定搭配，表示與……和解。

9.填空題

“TheIAEAshouldpositivelyclarifyrelevantproblemsbycooperatingwithIraninafairand_______manner”and“IranshouldbeflexibleandsincerewhencooperatingwiththeIAEA,”Xinhuareported,citingHong.(person)

【答案】impersonal

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)橫線前的and，可知fair和橫線處表示并列，所以橫線處應(yīng)為形容詞，并且意思和fair對(duì)應(yīng)，impersonal意思為“非指?jìng)€(gè)人的，客觀的”，符合語境。

【句意】新華社援引洪磊的話說：“國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該以公平、客觀的方式與伊朗合作，積極澄清有關(guān)問題。伊朗在與國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)合作時(shí)，應(yīng)該靈活、真誠?！?/p>

10.單選題

Nearlyathirdofparentssaytheyfeel（）intotheirhomesbutcannotaffordtomovetoabiggerproperty,areportrevealstoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.squealed

B.squeezed

C.squared

D.sneezed

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析?？崭袂笆莊eel，因此空格處應(yīng)填形容詞。squealed“大聲尖叫的”；persistent”固執(zhí)的；堅(jiān)持的“；squeezed”擠壓的，擁擠的“；squared”方格的“。句意：今日公布的一份報(bào)告顯示，近三分之一的父母表示，他們覺得自己的家……，但卻買不起更大的房子。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.翻譯題

思維這一主題是心理學(xué)的一個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域，許多觀察者在研究機(jī)器人和計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)都考慮到了這一方面：一些由來已久的關(guān)于AI（人工智能）的憂慮與計(jì)算機(jī)能否思考密切相關(guān)。第一批巨大的能快速運(yùn)算（即使往往不太可靠）并且?guī)缀趸蛲耆荒苓M(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)的電子計(jì)算機(jī)，不久便被稱作“電腦”。接著很快便產(chǎn)生了對(duì)這一術(shù)語的反應(yīng)：為了做到恰如其分，人們把計(jì)算機(jī)稱作“高速白癡”，以保護(hù)人類的虛榮心。在這樣一種氛圍里，人們很少考慮計(jì)算機(jī)可以實(shí)際上具有生命的可能性：計(jì)算機(jī)竟有可能思考，這已經(jīng)夠糟糕的了。但并不是人人都意識(shí)到“高速白癡”這一稱謂的含義是什么。人們很少提到的是：即使是人類中的白癡，也是地球上最有智慧的生命形態(tài)之一，如果早期的計(jì)算機(jī)就有那么聰明，那已經(jīng)就是很了不起的事了。

【答案】Thetopicofthoughtisoneareaofpsychology,andmanyobservershaveconsideredthisaspectinconnectionwithrobotsandcomputers:someoftheoldworriesaboutAI(artificialintelligence)werecloselylinkedtothequestionofwhethercomputerscouldthink.Thefirstmassiveelectroniccomputers,capableofrapid(ifoftenunreliable)computationandlittleornocreativeactivity,weresoonnamed“electronicbrains”.Areactiontothisterminologyquicklyfollowed:Toputthemintheirplace,computerswerecalled“high-speedidiots”,anefforttoprotecthumanvanity.Insuchaclimate,thepossibilityofcomputersactuallybeingalivewasrarelyconsidered:itwasbadenoughthatcomputersmightbecapableofthought.Butnoteveryonerealizedtheimplicationsoftheexpressionthe“high-speedidiot”tag.Ithasnotbeenpointedoutoftenenoughthateventhehumanidiotisoneofthemostintelligentlifeformsontheearth.Iftheearlycomputerswereeventhatintelligent,itwasalreadyaremarkablestateofaffairs.

12.單選題

TherailwayticketforonesinglejourneybetweenBeijingandShanghaiis（

）forfivedays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fruitful

B.beneficial

C.valid

D.effective

【答案】C

【解析】句意:北京和上海之間的單程火車票五日內(nèi)有效。

考查形容詞辨析。Fruitful成果豐碩的,富有成效的;beneficial有利的;valid有效的,(正式)認(rèn)可的,符合邏輯的;effective有效果的,起作用的。這里指火車票的有效時(shí)間,故C符合句意。

13.單選題

Hecouldeasilyhavewonascholarshipifhewouldhavedevotedmoretimetohisschoolwork.

A

B

C

D

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.could

B.havewon

C.wouldhavedevoted

D.hisschoolwork

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，對(duì)過去情況假設(shè)，主句：主語＋would/should/might/couldhave＋動(dòng)詞過去分詞，從句：had＋動(dòng)詞過去分詞。

試題答案：C;haddevoted

14.單選題

FlanneryO’Connorwasnotas（）assomewriterswhoturnoutreamsofmaterials,butherstoriesareconsideredgemsthatliveonafterherearlyandtragicdeath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.prolific

C.vitriolic

D.vicarious

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。potential“有潛力的”；prolific“多產(chǎn)的”；vitriolic“硫酸的，刻薄的”；vicarious“替代的，代理的”。句意：FlanneryOConnor不像一些創(chuàng)作大量作品的作家那樣多產(chǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

Theworld'slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia,theHornofAfrica,inOctober1977.ThevictimwasayoungcookcalledAliMaowMaalin.Hiscasebecomesalandmarkinmedicalhistory,forsmallpoxisthefirstcommunicablediseaseevertobeeradicated.

TheremarkablecampaigntofreetheworldofsmallpoxhasbeenledbytheWorldHealthOrganization.TheHomofAfrica,embracingtheOgadenregionofEthiopiaandSomalia,wasoneofthelastfewsmallpoxriddenareasoftheworldwhentheWHO-sponsoredSmallpoxEradicationProgramme(SEP)gotunderwaytherein1971.

Manyofthe25millioninhabitants,mostlyfarmersandnomadslivinginawildnessofdesert,bushandmountains,alreadyhadsmallpox.Theproblemoftracingthediseaseinsuchformidablecountrywasexacerbatedfurtherbythecontinuouswarfareinthearea.

Theprogrammeconcentratedonanimaginativepolicyof"searchandcontainment."Vaccinationwasusedtoreducethewidespreadincidenceofthedisease,butthesuccessofthecampaigndependedontheworkofvolunteers.Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof"rumors"—--informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.

Oftentheserumorsturnedouttobecasesofmeasles,chickenpoxorsyphilis—-butnothingcouldbelefttochance.Asthecampaignprogressedthediseasewasgraduallybroughtundercontrol.BySeptember1976theSEPmadeitsfirstreportthatnonewcaseshadbeenreported.Butthatfirstoptimismwasshort-lived.Athree-year-oldgirlcalledAminaSalat,fromadustyvillageintheOgadeninthesouth-eastofEthiopia,hadgivensmallpoxtoayoungnomadvisitor.LeavingthevillagethenomadhadwalkedacrosstheborderintoSomalia.Therebeinfected3,000people,andamongthemhadbeenthecook,Ali.Itwasafurther14monthsbeforetheelusive"targetzero"—nofurthercases—wasreached.

Evennow,thesearchcontinuesin"highrisk"areasandinpartsofthecountryuncheckedforsometime.Theflowofrumorshasnowdiminishedtoatrickle—buteachmuststillbecheckedbyaqualifiedperson.

Victoryisinsight,buttwoyearsmustpasssincethe"lastcase"beforeanInternationalCommissioncandeclarethattheworldisentirelyfreefromsmallpox.

1.AliMaowMaalin’scaseissignificantbecausehewasthe（

）.

2.Theworktostampoutsmallpoxwasmademoredifficultby（

）.

3.Thevolunteersmentionedwerepaidto（

）.

4.Nowadays,smallpoxinvestigationsareonlycarriedout（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lastpersontobecuredofsmallpoxinSomalia.

B.lastknownsuffererofsmallpoxintheworld

C.firstsmallpoxvictimintheHomofAfrica

D.firstSomaliantobevaccinatedforsmallpox

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.people'sunwillingnesstoreportcases

B.thelackofvaccine

C.thebackwardnessoftheregion

D.theincessantlocalwars

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.findoutaboutthereportedcasesofsmallpox.

B.vaccinatepeopleinremoteareas

C.teachpeoplehowtotreatsmallpox.

D.preventinfectedpeoplefrommovingaround

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.atregulartwo-yearlyintervals

B.whennewsofanoutbreakoccurs.

C.inthoseareaswithprevioushistoryofthedisease

D.byatrainedprofessional

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“AliMaowMaalin”定位到原文首段“Theworld'slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia,theHornofAfrica,inOctober1977.ThevictimwasayoungcookcalledAliMaowMaalin.Hiscasebecomesalandmarkinmedicalhistory,forsmallpoxisthefirstcommunicablediseaseevertobeeradicated.”，中文翻譯：世界上最后一例已知的天花病例發(fā)生在索馬里，非洲之角，于1977年10月。受害者是名叫阿里?馬林的年輕廚師。他的病例成為醫(yī)學(xué)史上的一個(gè)里程碑，因?yàn)樘旎ㄊ怯惺芬詠淼谝环N被根除的傳染病?？梢酝茢喑龃鸢高x擇B“世界上最后一位已知的天花患者”。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段“Vaccinationwasusedtoreducethewidespreadincidenceofthedisease,butthesuccessofthecampaigndependedontheworkofvolunteers.Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof"rumors"—informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.”，中文翻譯為：疫苗用于減少疾病發(fā)生率的蔓延，但是，這場(chǎng)“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”的成功取決于志愿者的工作。這些人是按日計(jì)酬的，然后他們?yōu)閷ふ摇爸{言”一一有關(guān)可能是天花病歷的信息而步行數(shù)百里。可知，A項(xiàng)“人們不愿意報(bào)告病歷”符合題目描述。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第四段“Theseweremenpaidbytheday,whowalkedhundredsofmilesinsearchof‘rumors’—informationaboutpossiblesmallpoxcases.”，中文翻譯為：這些人是按日計(jì)酬的，然后他們?yōu)閷ふ摇爸{言”一一有關(guān)可能是天花病歷的信息而步行數(shù)百里?？芍選項(xiàng)“調(diào)查發(fā)生的天花病例”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段“Evennow,thesearchcontinuesin‘highrisk’areasandinpartsofthecountryuncheckedforsometime.”，中文翻譯為：即使是現(xiàn)在，搜索工作仍在“高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”地區(qū)和該國中一段時(shí)間沒有接受檢查的地區(qū)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。C選項(xiàng)“在那些有這種疾病史的地區(qū)”符合題意。

16.單選題

TheGovernmenthasthereforeagreedtopayauthoritiesextrasumsto（）fortheirfinanciallosses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makeup

B.turnup

C.fillin

D.leanon

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)makeup“組成，編造，彌補(bǔ)”；B選項(xiàng)turnup“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”；C選項(xiàng)fillin“填寫”；D選項(xiàng)leanon“依賴，靠在……上”。句意：政府因此同意向當(dāng)局支付額外的金額，以彌補(bǔ)他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。makeupfor意為“補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)”，選項(xiàng)A正確。

17.單選題

Theappearanceofthisusedcarisquite（

）,anditismuchnewerthanitreallyis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.descriptive

B.impressive

C.deceptive

D.indicative

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Descriptive“描述性的”；impressive“令人印象深刻的”；deceptive“欺騙性的，迷惑的”；indicative“指示的”。根據(jù)句意“這輛舊車看起來比實(shí)際上要新”可知前文是說車的外表有迷惑性，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

18.單選題

Intheendthelittleboywenttoschoolwithoutsomucha________ofprotest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whimper

B.whim

C.whirl

D.whistle

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“whimper”，意為“抽泣，吹口哨”；B選項(xiàng)“whim”，意為“心血來潮，突發(fā)奇想”，C選項(xiàng)“whirl”，意為“旋轉(zhuǎn)，回轉(zhuǎn)”，D選項(xiàng)“whistle”，意為“口哨，汽笛聲”。句意：最后，小男孩去上學(xué)了，并沒有多少抗議的念頭。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.翻譯題

Itisimpossibletooveremphasizetheimportanceofcommercialactivitytoacountryanditspeople.Inalmostalldevelopingcountries,economicdevelopmentdependsupongrowthinexporttrade,whichinturncreatesjobsandraiseslivingstandards.Theincreasingimportrequirementswhichflowfromeconomicdevelopmentmustsomehowbefinanced,fromforeignexchangereceipts,derivedfromexportearningsandcapitalinvestment.Withoutdynamicexpansioninexportsthegrowthofyourcountry’seconomywillalmostcertainlyslacken.Yourobjectiveasacommercialrepresentativeisobviouslytodothebestpossiblejobimprovingyourcountry’sexportearningsinthebroadestmeaningoftheterm.

Thetimehaslongsincearrivedtorecognizecommercialrepresentationasaprofessionperse,thesuccessfulexerciseorwhichispositivelycorrelatedwithcarefulinitialselectionofcommercialrepresentatives,thelevelandcontentoftheirformaleducationandspecializedtraining,thelengthandvarietyoftheirpertinentexperience,andthequalityofsupporttheyreceivefromthetradepromotionorganization(TPO)orministryathome.

【答案】商務(wù)活動(dòng)對(duì)于一個(gè)國家及其人民來說，無論怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)它的重要性都不過分。在幾乎所有發(fā)展中國家，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展取決于出口貿(mào)易的增長(zhǎng)，而出口貿(mào)易反過來又能創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)并提高生活水平。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展而增加的對(duì)進(jìn)口物資的需求，這種需求必須以某種方式從外匯交易、出口收入和對(duì)外投資中獲得資金。沒有出口的有力擴(kuò)張，國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度肯定會(huì)放慢。作為一名商務(wù)代表，你們的目標(biāo)從廣泛意義上來說顯然是盡最大努力提高你們國家的出口創(chuàng)匯能力。

駐外商務(wù)代表本身是一種職業(yè)，這是早就應(yīng)該承認(rèn)的事實(shí)，其成功與否與商務(wù)代表的慎重選擇息息相關(guān)。是否有正規(guī)教育和專門訓(xùn)練的水平和內(nèi)容、他們過去的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的多少和內(nèi)容，以及他們能從國內(nèi)貿(mào)易促進(jìn)組織(TPO)或商務(wù)部獲得的什么樣的支持，這些都是應(yīng)該考慮的內(nèi)容。

20.單選題

Wecannotalways（）thewind,sonewwindmillsshouldbesodesignedthattheycanalsobedrivenbywater.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hangon

B.holdon

C.counton

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。hangon“堅(jiān)持下去，不掛斷”；holdon“堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)”；counton“指望，依靠”；comeon“開始”。句意：我們不能總是依靠風(fēng)，所以新的風(fēng)車應(yīng)該設(shè)計(jì)得也能由水驅(qū)動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

21.單選題

Theexperienceddriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit（）ontheway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.goeswrong

B.wouldgowrong

C.wentwrong

D.gowrong

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。lest“唯恐；以免”，常用于虛擬語氣，謂語用“should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。故本題答案選項(xiàng)為D。句意：這位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的司機(jī)仔細(xì)檢查了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)以免在路上發(fā)生故障。

22.單選題

Thismonumentimagewasdesignedto（stirup）emotionsofaweandrespect,butcouldscarcelyevokefeelingsofwarmthandaffection.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tangle

B.teem

C.stipulate

D.agitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。stirup表示“激起，煽動(dòng)”；A項(xiàng)tangle“（使）纏結(jié)在一起，（使）亂成一團(tuán)”，B項(xiàng)teem“大量出現(xiàn)，充滿”，C項(xiàng)stipulate“規(guī)定，保證”，D項(xiàng)agitate“搖動(dòng)，騷動(dòng)”。句意：這個(gè)紀(jì)念碑形象的設(shè)計(jì)是為了激起敬畏和尊敬的情緒，但幾乎不能喚起溫暖和喜愛的感情。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Wedoalotofcollectivethinking,probablymorethananyothersocialspecies,althoughitgoesoninsomethinglikesecrecy.Wedon’tacknowledgethegiftpublicly,andwearenotascelebratedastheinsects,butwedoit.Effortlesslywithoutgivingitamoment'sthought,wearecapableofchangingourlanguage,music,manners,morals,entertainment,eventhewaywedress,allaroundtheearthinayear'sturning.Weseemtodothisbygeneralagreement,withoutvotingorevenpolling.Wesimplythinkourwayalong,passinformationaround,exchangecodesdisguisedasart,changeourminds,andtransformourselves.

Computerscannotdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability,anditisjustaswell.Otherwise,wemightbetemptedtotakeoverthecontrolofourselvesinordertomakelong-rangeplans,andthatwouldsurelybetheendofus.Itwouldmeanthatsomegrouporother,marvelouslyintelligentandsuperblyinformed,undoubtedlyguidedbyacomputer,wouldbegindecidingwhathumansocietyoughttobelike,say,overthenextfivehundredyearsorso,andtherestofuswouldbepersuaded,onewayoranother,togoalong.Theprocessofsocialevolutionwouldthengrindtoastandstill,andwe'dbestuckintoday'srutforamillennium.

Muchbetterweworkourwayoutofitonourownwithoutgovernance.Thefutureistoointerestinganddangeroustobeentrustedtoanypredictable,reliableagency.Weneedallthefallibilitywecanget.Mostofall,weneedtopreservetheabsoluteunpredictabilityandtotalimprobabilityofourconnectedminds.Thatwaywecankeepopenalltheoptions,aswehaveinthepast.

Itwouldbenicetohavebetterwaysofmonitoringwhatwe'reuptosothatwecouldrecognizechangewhileitisoccurring,insteadofwakingupaswedonowtotheastonishedrealizationthatthewholecenturyjustpastwasn'twhatwethoughtitwasatall.Maybecomputerscanbeusedtohelpinthis,althoughIratherdoubtit.Youcanmakesimulationmodelsofcities,butwhatyoulearnisthattheyseemtobebeyondthereachofintelligentanalysis;ifyoutrytousecommonsensetomakepredictions;thingsgetmorebotchedupthanever.Thisisinteresting,sinceacityisthemostconcentratedaggregationofhumans,allexertingwhateverinfluencetheycanbringtobear.Thecityseemstohavealifeofitsown.Ifwecannotunderstandhowthisworks,wearenotlikelytogetveryfarwithhumansocietyatlarge.

Still,you’dthinktherewouldbesomewayin.Joinedtogether,thegreatmassofhumanmindsaroundtheearthseemstobehavelikeacoherent,livingsystem.Thetroubleisthattheflowofinformationismostlyone-way.Weareallobsessedbytheneedtofeedinformationin,asfastaswecan,butwelacksensingmechanismsforgettinganythingmuchback.IwillconfessthatIhavenomoresenseofwhatgoesoninthemindofmankindthan1haveofthemindofanant.Cometothinkofit,thismightbeagoodplacetostart.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“computercannotdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability,anditisjustaswell’’(Paragraph2)?

3.Whichoneofthefollowingoptionswouldtheauthorchoose?

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsimulatedmodelsofcities?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Weregardcollectivethinkingasecretthatshouldn'tbeexposedtothepublic.

B.Manistheonlyspeciesthatisendowedwiththegiftforcollectivethinking.

C.Collectivethinkingisdoneinhumansocietysometimesunconsciously.

D.Weneedtoreachgeneralagreementtoconductcollectivethinking.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Computerscan’tdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobabilityaswellasthehumanmindscando.

B.Computerscan'tdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability,whichisbetterthantheycan.

C.Whethercomputerscanorcan'tdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobabilitydoesn’tmeanmuch.

D.Computerscanjustaswelldealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thefuturebecomesmorepredictable.

B.Humanactivitiesandcollectivethinkingshouldbeundermorecontrol.

C.Commonsenseshouldbeappliedtomakepredictions.

D.Wepossesssomesensingmechanismsforinformationfeedback.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Simulatedmodelsofcitiescan’tbemade.

B.Arealcitywillexertgreaterininfluencethanasimulatedmodelofcity.

C.Simulatedmodelsofcitiesexertinfluenceontheirinhabitants.

D.Simulatedmodelsofcitiesaredifferentfromtherealonesinthatthelatterhavelifeoftheirown.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.computerswouldonedaytakecontrolofthehumansociety

B.theworkingsoftheant’smindismorecomplicatedthattheworkingsofthehumanmind

C.socialevolutionwillcometoastopifcomputersareusedtosolveproblems

D.theauthorisn'tverypositiveastowhethercomputerscanmonitorwhatwe’reupto

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:我們認(rèn)為集體思維是一不應(yīng)該被公開的秘密。文章指出:我們不公開地承認(rèn)這個(gè)天賦，因此A項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。B:人類是唯一具有集體性思考天賦的物種。文章表明:我們?nèi)祟愊啾热魏纹渌鐣?huì)物種可能進(jìn)行更多的集體性思考，因此B項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。C:集體性思考在人類社會(huì)中有時(shí)是無意識(shí)地進(jìn)行的。第一段第一句指出:Wedoalotofcollectivethinking,probablymorethananyothersocialspecies,althoughitgoesoninsomethinglikesecrecy(我們?nèi)祟愊啾热魏纹渌鐣?huì)物種可能進(jìn)行更多的集體性思考，但該思考卻是秘密地進(jìn)行)。因此C項(xiàng)正確。D:我們需要達(dá)成一致意見才可進(jìn)行集體思維。

第2題:語義題。對(duì)于該句句意的理解可參考第二段第二句:Otherwise,wemightbetemptedtotakeoverthecontrolofourselvesinordertomakelong-rangeplans,andthatwouldsurelybetheendofus(否則，我們?nèi)祟惪赡転榱酥贫ㄩL(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的計(jì)劃而被誘惑去控制自己，而那無疑意味著我們的結(jié)束)。由此推測(cè)B項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)不具備處理如此水平的不大可能的事情比具有更好”正確。A:計(jì)算機(jī)不能像人類大腦那樣處理這種不可能的程度，此項(xiàng)只是表達(dá)了題干中句子前半部分的意思，故排除。C:計(jì)算機(jī)能否處理此水平的不大可能的事情并不重要，這與第二段第二句表述不符，故排除。D:計(jì)算機(jī)也能處理好此水平的不大可能的事情，第二段第一句指出:computercannotdealwithsuchlevelsofimprobability(計(jì)算機(jī)不具備處理如此水平的不大可能的事情)。因此D項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。本題選B。

第3題:判斷推理題。A:未來會(huì)更能預(yù)測(cè)。B:人類的活動(dòng)和集體性思考應(yīng)該受到更多的控制。C:應(yīng)用常識(shí)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。D:我們有一些信息反饋的感知機(jī)制。第二段第二句指出:Otherwise,wemightbetemptedtotakeoverthecontrolofourselvesinordertomakelong-rangeplans,andthatwouldsurelybetheendofus(否則，我們?nèi)祟惪赡転榱酥贫ㄩL(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的計(jì)劃而被誘惑去控制自己，而那無疑意味著我們的結(jié)束)。因此B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。第四段指出:ifyoutrytousecommonsensetomakepredictions:thingsgetmorebotchedupthanever(如果你試圖用常識(shí)來預(yù)測(cè):事情就會(huì)變得比以往任何時(shí)候都糟糕)。由此可知C項(xiàng)不正確。最后一段指出:butwelacksensingmechanismsforgettinganythingmuchback(但是我們?nèi)狈ψ屓魏涡畔⒒貋淼膫鞲袡C(jī)制)。因此D項(xiàng)不正確。本題選A。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:城市模擬模型無法制作。B:真實(shí)的城市相比模擬的城市模型將施加更多的影響力。C:城市的模擬模型會(huì)對(duì)其居民施加影響。D:城市模擬模型與真實(shí)城市的區(qū)別是后者有自己的生活。第四段指出:Youcanmakesimulationmodelsofcities,butwhatyoulearnisthattheyseemtobebeyondthereachofintelligentanalysis;ifyoutrytousecommonsensetomakepredictions,thingsgetmorebotchedupthanever(你可以建立城市的模擬模型，但你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們似乎超出了智能分析的范圍；如果你試圖用常識(shí)來做預(yù)測(cè)，事情就會(huì)變得比以往任何時(shí)候都糟糕)。第五段指出:Still,you’dthinktherewouldbesomewayin…(你仍然覺得有其他方式…)。由此可知A項(xiàng)正確。而其他三項(xiàng)并未被提及。故選A。

第5題:判斷推理題。A:計(jì)算機(jī)終有一天會(huì)控制人類社會(huì)。B:螞蟻的思維比人類的思維更復(fù)雜。C:如果用計(jì)算機(jī)來解決問題，社會(huì)進(jìn)化將停止。D:作者對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)是否能監(jiān)視我們正在做的事情不是很肯定。第二段第二句指出:Otherwise,wemightbetemptedtotakeoverthecontrolofourselvesinordertomakelong-rangeplans,andthatwouldsurelybetheendofus(不然，我們?nèi)祟惪赡転榱酥贫ㄩL(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的計(jì)劃而被誘惑去控制自己，而那無疑意味著我們的結(jié)束)。因此A項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。B項(xiàng)并未被提及，故排除。文章只是說“控制人類自己的那些無意識(shí)思考”，并非C項(xiàng)所指的“問題”，故排除。第四段指出:Maybecomputerscanbeusedtohelpinthis,althoughIratherdoubtit(或許電腦能被用來幫助監(jiān)控我們?nèi)祟愒谧鍪裁?，但我卻非常懷疑這點(diǎn))，因此D項(xiàng)正確。本題選D。

24.翻譯題

II.(本題3段，每段10分)

HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.

ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”

IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreaso