句子成分及句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(共32張PPT)

句子成分及句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)

一.句子成分

1.一個完整的英語句子，至少由兩部分組成_______和________。2.英語句子的成分可分為主語、謂語、賓語、賓語補足語、_____、定語、狀語、同位語.

主語謂語表語主語是句子敘述的主體，表明這句話描述什么。Workers

makemachines.

Shewentoutinahurry.

Threeplusfiveiseight.

Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.

Toseeistobelieve.

Runningisgoodforyourhealth.

Whenweshallleavehasn’tbeendecided.

㈠主語（subject）

（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（名詞化的形容詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（句子）作主語的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞和主語從句。①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.找出句中主語（名詞）（名詞）（不定式）㈡謂語

說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征謂語由簡單謂語和復(fù)合謂語組成。①簡單謂語Thesunrisesintheeast.Helookedaftertwoorphans.②復(fù)合謂語由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞;

HecanspeakEnglishverywell.

Theworkmustbedonebeforethreeo’clock.③英語常用某些動作名詞代替表動態(tài)的謂語動詞，表生動。這種動作名詞之前常用沒有多大意義的動詞have,get,take,give等。如：

(1).Ihadaswim

yesterday.（hadaswim代替了swam）

(2).Takealook

atthat!（takealook代替了look）

(3).Hegaveasigh.（gaveasigh代替了sighed）挑出下列句中的謂語

①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?Hedoesn’tlikethejob.Weenjoyplayingfootball.Hesaidthathewouldreturnsoon.Heofferedmethejob.(三)賓語

動作的對象或承受者——及物動詞或介詞的賓語↓間接賓語↓直接賓語（名詞）（動名詞）（句子）指出下列句中的賓語

①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass? ⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?表語說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或身份，與連系動詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。WeareChinese.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Whowasthefirst?Thewarwasover.Heisoutofcondition.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Hishobbyisplayingcomputergames.Thatiswhathetoldmeyesterday.（四）表語（代詞）（名詞）（數(shù)詞）（介詞短詞）（副詞）（動詞不定式）（動名詞短語）（從詞）系動詞有三類：A.be動詞：am、is、are、was、wereB.表示感官類的動詞：look、smell、sound、feel、taste、appear、seemC.表示變化類的詞：go(變得…)、get、become、grow、turn、keep、stay挑出下列句中的表語

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④Soontheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.（五）定語

修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句

Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(動名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)挑出下列句中的定語

①Thisisadifficultproblem.②Thereissomeexcitingnewsintoday’snewspaper.③Themanwhohelpsmewithmathsismymathsteacher.④Heboughtsomesleepingpills.誤區(qū)警示①形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，動名詞等做定語時，通過常放在名詞之前做定語；而介詞短語、動詞不定式短語、分詞短語、從句等做定語則放在名詞之后。叫后置定語。Thegirlinwhiteishissister.Wehavealotofworktodotoday.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?②如果被修飾的詞為some,any,evey,no等構(gòu)成的不定代詞（如anything,something等），定語要放在這些詞的后面。Thereisnothinginterestinginthebook.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.（六）狀語狀語的功用：狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。通常狀語由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞或句子等充當(dāng)。I’llbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslateforschoolbecauseoftheheavyrain.Hewaitedtoseetheresultofthegame.Itrainedsohardthattheyhadtoputoffthesportsmeet.Heoftengoestoworkbybus.(地點狀語)(原因狀語)(結(jié)果狀語)(目的狀語)(方式狀語)(時間狀語)挑出下列句中的狀語

1.Shallwedotheshoppingtodayortomorrow?2.Becausehewasill,Tomlosthisjob.3.ShespokesosoftlythatIcouldn’thearwhatshesaid.4.Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim?（七）賓語補足語有些及物動詞除了有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補足語，說明賓語的身份和狀態(tài)以補充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動詞有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.

能做賓語補足語的詞有：名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞和副詞等。Wemustkeepitasecret.Ifoundthebookveryinteresting.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Hemadehimselfknowntothemfirst.Pleasekeepthedogout.(名詞)(形容詞)(介詞短語)(動詞不定式)(分詞短語)(副詞)誤區(qū)警示主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)后，賓補變成主補Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.Hewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.八、同位語同位語是解釋說明前面的名詞或代詞的名詞短語或從句，對前者進(jìn)行補充說明TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.Thefact

surprisedallofus.He,mybrother,isastudent.同位語抽象名詞Thefact

surprisedallofus.thattheuniversitystudentkilledhismother同位語從句二、句子結(jié)構(gòu)全稱簡稱主語+謂語Subjuctive+VerbS+V主語+謂語+賓語Subjuctive+Verb+ObjectiveS+V+0主語+系動詞+表語Subjuctive+Verb+predicativeS+V+P主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語Subjuctive+Verb+indirect

Objective+directObjectiveS+V+IO+DO主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語Subjuctive+Verb+Objective+ComplementS+V+O+C全稱簡稱主語+謂語+狀語Subject+Verb+AdverbialS+V+A主語+謂語+賓語+狀語Subject+Verb+Object+AdverbialS+V+O+ATherebe(存在句)(1)S+V（主語+謂語）Sheneverlies.(2)S+V+O(主語+謂語+賓語)Hebringsanumbrella.Hehasacceptedourinvitation.(3)S+V+P(主語+系動詞)Theyfeelhappy.(4)S+V+IO+DOMymothermademeabeautifuldress.(5)S+V+O+CTheypainedthedoorblue.(6)S+V+A(主語+謂語+狀語)Hetalkedtoomuch.Jimrunsinthepark.(7)S+V+O+A(主語+謂語+賓語+狀語)