考研考博-英語-南京郵電大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京郵電大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thewoodencasesmustbesecuredbyoverallmetalstrappingsothattheycanbestrongenoughtostandroughhandlingduring（）.

問題1選項

A.transit

B.motion

C.shift

D.traffic

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項transit“搬運(yùn)”；B選項motion“運(yùn)動”；C選項shift“轉(zhuǎn)移”；D選項traffic“交通”。句意：木箱必須用整體金屬帶固定，這樣才能保證木箱在運(yùn)輸過程中足夠堅固，經(jīng)得起粗暴的搬運(yùn)。本句表示木箱的搬運(yùn)過程，因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Doctorssaythatmoderatedrinkingcanhaveabeneficial（）onyourhealth.

問題1選項

A.impact

B.generation

C.disposition

D.dependence

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。impact“影響”;generation“一代，產(chǎn)生”;disposition“性情，處置”;dependence“獨(dú)立”。句意：醫(yī)生說適當(dāng)喝酒對你的健康有有利影響。選項A符合題意。

3.單選題

Marlinisayoungmanofindependentthinkingwhoisnotabout________complimentstohispoliticalleaders.

問題1選項

A.paying

B.havingpaid

C.topay

D.tohavepaid

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：馬林是一個有獨(dú)立思考能力的年輕人，他對他的政治領(lǐng)袖阿諛奉承。根據(jù)固定搭配“beabouttodo”，排除A，B選項。句子中的時態(tài)用的是現(xiàn)在時，所以后面的句子沒有必要用完成時。

4.單選題

Weassumedethicsneededthesealofcertainty,elseitwasnon-rational.Andcertaintywastobeproducedbyadeductivemodel:thecorrectactionswerederivablefromclassicalfirstprinciplesorahierarchicallyrankedpantheonofprinciples.Thismodel,though,isbankrupt.

Isuggestwethinkofethicsasanalogoustolanguageusage.Therearenounivocalrulesofgrammarandstylewhichuniquelydeterminethebestsentenceforaparticularsituation.Norislanguageusageuniversalizable.Althoughasentenceorphraseiswarrantedinonecase,itdoesnotmeanitisautomaticallyappropriateinlikecircumstances.Nonetheless,languageusageisnotsubjective.

Thisshouldnotsurpriseusintheleast.Allintellectualpursuitsarerelativisticinjustthesesenses.Politicalscience,psychology,chemistryandphysicsarenotcertain,buttheyarenotsubjectiveeither.AsIseeit,ethicalinquiryproceedslikethis:wearetaughtmoralprinciplesbyparents,teachers,andsocietyatlarge.Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.Orwemayfindourselvesinexplicablymakingcertainvaluations,possiblybecauseofinheritedaltruistictendencies.Wemay“l(fā)earnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.Orwemayreflectuponourownandothers’“theories”orpatternsofbehavioranddecidetheyareinconsistent.Theresultingviewsare“tested”;weactaswethinkweshouldandevaluatetheconsequencesofthoseactionsonourselvesandonothers.Wetherebycorrectourmistakesinlightofthetestoftime.

Ofcoursepeoplemakedifferentmoraljudgments;ofcoursewecannotresolvethesedifferencesbyusingsomealgorithmwhichisitselfbeyondjudgment.Wehavenovantagepointoutsidehumanexperiencewherewecanjudgerightandwrong,goodandbad.Butthenwedon’thaveavantagepointfromwherewecanbephilosophicalrelativistseither.

Weareleftwithintherealworld,tryingtocopewithourselves,witheachother,withtheworld,andwithourownfallibility.Wedonothaveallthemoralanswers;nordowehaveanalgorithmtodiscernthoseanswers.Neitherdowepossessanalgorithmfordeterminingcorrectlanguageusagebutthatdoesnotmakeusthrowupourhandsindespairbecausewecannolongercommunicate.

Ifweunderstandethicsinthisway,wecansee,Ithink,therealvalueofethicaltheory.Somepeopletalkasifethicaltheoriesgiveusmoralprescriptions.Theythinkweshouldapplyethicalprinciplesaswewouldapoultice:afterdiagnosingthealiment,weapplytheappropriatedressing.Butthatisamistake.Notheoryprovidesasetofabstractsolutionstoapplystraightforwardly.Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.

21.Ethicalprinciplesaregenerallythoughttobe________.

22.Inwhatwayisethicssimilartolanguageuse?

23.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthatwemaylearnmoralprinciples“thehardway”?

24.Itisimpliedinthetextthatarelativisticviewofethnics________.

25.Theauthorassertsthatthetruevalueofethicaltheoryliesin________.

問題1選項

A.explicitlyclear

B.implicitlyvague

C.certainbutnon-rational

D.relativebutnotsubjective

問題2選項

A.Bothhaverulestodeterminetheoptimalchoiceunderacircumstance.

B.Bothvaryaccordingtothecontexttheyareapplicableto.

C.Bothareobjective,notsubjective,entities.

D.Similarsetsofrulescanbeappliedinquitedifferentsituations.

問題3選項

A.Wereevaluateourpreviouslyheldbeliefsaswegrowolder.

B.Werefutesomemoralprinciplesonlyafterwefindtheminconsistent.

C.Weacquireasenseofrightandwrongfromreallifelessons.

D.Weactbyignoringourinheritedaltruistictendencies.

問題4選項

A.canonlybeacquiredafterreallifelessons

B.oftengenerateunacceptableconsequences

C.ismorematureandrational

D.istooabstracttobeofanypracticalvalue

問題5選項

A.itsprescriptivepower

B.itsdiagnosticfunction

C.itseffectivenessinresolvingmoraldilemmas

D.itsrelevancetothesituation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】21.實(shí)施細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Weassumedethicsneededthesealofcertainty,elseitwasnon-rational.（我們假定道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要確定性的密封，否則它就是非理性的。），可知道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被視為非常明確，絕對，并且不是非理性的，A選項“明確清晰的”正確。B選項“隱隱約約，模糊”，C選項“確定但非理性”錯誤和D選項“相對但不主觀”錯誤。因此A選項正確。

22.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Althoughasentenceorphraseiswarrantedinonecase,itdoesnotmeanitisautomaticallyappropriateinlikecircumstances.（雖然一個句子或短語在某種情況下是正當(dāng)?shù)?，但這并不意味著它在類似的情況下自動適用。），可知道德和語言沒有固定和絕對的使用方法，而是要根據(jù)情況而定，也沒有特定情況，B選項“兩者都根據(jù)它們適用的背景而不同”正確，A選項“兩者都有在特定情況下決定最佳選擇的規(guī)則”錯誤。C選項“兩者都是客觀的，而不是主觀的實(shí)體”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句Nonetheless,languageusageisnotsubjective.（然而，語言的使用并不是主觀的。），作者說的然而，可知作者想要表達(dá)的是語言是客觀的，而道德不是客觀的，故錯誤。D選項“類似的規(guī)則可以應(yīng)用于相當(dāng)不同的情況”：沒有提到類似的規(guī)則的用法，屬于過度推斷，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

23.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第四句Wemay“l(fā)earnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.（我們可能會“吃了苦頭才明白”，有些行為會產(chǎn)生不可接受的后果。），行為產(chǎn)生后果，這里指的是在實(shí)際生活中檢驗(yàn)對錯，B選項“我們駁斥一些道德原則，只是在我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它們不一致之后”錯誤和C選項“我們從現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的教訓(xùn)中獲得對與錯的意識”正確。A選項“隨著年齡的增長，我們會重新評估以前持有的信念”：根據(jù)第三段第五、六句Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.（隨著年齡的增長，我們會接觸到不同的觀點(diǎn)。這些可能會引導(dǎo)我們重新評估目前持有的信念。），可知重新評估以前持有的信念和接觸不同觀點(diǎn)有關(guān)，重新評估不是駁斥，故錯誤。D選項“我們通過忽視我們遺傳的利他主義傾向來行動”：根據(jù)第三段第七句possiblybecauseofinheritedaltruistictendencies.（這可能是因?yàn)檫z傳的利他主義傾向。），可知并沒有忽視利他主義，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句Butthenwedon’thaveavantagepointfromwherewecanbephilosophicalrelativistseither.（但是我們也沒有一個有利的位置，讓我們成為哲學(xué)相對主義者。）和第五段最后一句Neitherdowepossessanalgorithmfordeterminingcorrectlanguageusagebutthatdoesnotmakeusthrowupourhandsindespairbecausewecannolongercommunicate.（我們也沒有確定語言正確用法的算法，但這并不會讓我們因?yàn)樵僖膊荒芙涣鞫^望地舉手投降。），可知相對主義的觀念里，事情沒有固定的解決辦法，有時也會遇到困境，但是總體來說會積極面對，C選項“更加成熟和理性”正確。A選項“只有在真正的生活教訓(xùn)后才能獲得”：根據(jù)第三段第五、六句Aswegrowolderwebecomeexposedtocompetingviews.Thesemayleadustoreevaluatepresentlyheldbeliefs.（隨著年齡的增長，我們會接觸到不同的觀點(diǎn)。這些可能會引導(dǎo)我們重新評估目前持有的信念。），可知不同的觀點(diǎn)也會對此有幫助，故錯誤。B選項“經(jīng)常產(chǎn)生不可接受的后果”：根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第四句Wemay“l(fā)earnthehardway”thatsomeactionsgenerateunacceptableconsequences.（我們可能會“吃了苦頭才明白”，有些行為會產(chǎn)生不可接受的后果。），可知不可接受的后果由某些行為產(chǎn)生，與相對主義無關(guān)，故錯誤。D選項“太抽象了，沒有任何實(shí)用價值”：根據(jù)第六段最后一句Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.（倫理理論之所以重要，并不是因?yàn)樗鼈兘鉀Q了所有的道德困境，而是因?yàn)樗鼈儙椭覀冏⒁獾降赖聠栴}的顯著特征，并幫助我們在情境中理解這些問題。），可知相對主義在實(shí)際生活中有價值，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

25.語義推測題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Ethicaltheoriesareimportantnotbecausetheysolveallmoraldilemmasbutbecausetheyhelpusnoticesalientfeaturesofmoralproblemsandhelpusunderstandthoseproblemsincontext.（倫理理論之所以重要，并不是因?yàn)樗鼈兘鉀Q了所有的道德困境，而是因?yàn)樗鼈儙椭覀冏⒁獾降赖聠栴}的顯著特征，并幫助我們在情境中理解這些問題。），可知道德論的真正意義是幫助我們在情境中理解問題，不能直接解決問題，D選項“與情況的相關(guān)性”正確，C選項“解決道德困境的有效性”錯誤。A選項“指令權(quán)”和B選項“診斷功能”：根據(jù)第六段第三、四句Theythinkweshouldapplyethicalprinciplesaswewouldapoultice:afterdiagnosingthealiment,weapplytheappropriatedressing.Butthatisamistake.（他們認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該像使用膏藥一樣應(yīng)用倫理原則：診斷出食物后，我們使用適當(dāng)?shù)姆罅?。但這是一個錯誤。），可知道德論和藥不是一回事，診斷以后就可以開藥，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilityto（）furtherresearch.

問題1選項

A.stimulate

B.originate

C.renovate

D.endorse

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項stimulate“刺激；鼓舞；激發(fā)”；B選項originate“引起；創(chuàng)作”；C選項renovate“更新；修復(fù)；革新；刷新”；D選項endorse“背書；贊同”。句意：科學(xué)理論的一個重要特性是它激發(fā)進(jìn)一步研究的能力。根據(jù)句意，A選項正確。

6.翻譯題

Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanation.Thereisnomoredifference,butthereisjustthesamekindofdifference,betweenthementaloperationsofamanofscienceandthoseofanordinaryperson.,asthereisbetweentheoperationsandmethodsofabakerorofabutcherweighingouthisgoodsincommonscales,andtheoperationsofachemistinperformingadifficultandcomplexanalysisbymeansofhisbalanceandfinelygradedweights.Itisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceinother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking;butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthantheformer.

【答案】科學(xué)研究的方法只不過是人類思維活動的必要方式的表達(dá)；它只是對所有現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行推理并給予精確和準(zhǔn)確解釋的方式?？蒲腥藛T與普通人在思考方面的差別與下面的差別類似：如面包師或屠夫用普通的秤來秤量商品，而化學(xué)家用精密的天平和砝碼來進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的分析。關(guān)鍵不是使用的秤和天平在構(gòu)造原理和工作方式上有什么差別，而是后者是一個更精密的儀器，當(dāng)然測量結(jié)果就更準(zhǔn)確。

7.單選題

Practicallyspeaking,theartisticmaturingofthecinemawasthesingle-handedachievementofDavidW.Griffith(1875-1948).BeforeGriffith,photographyindramaticfilmsconsistedoflittlemorethanplacingtheactorsbeforeastationarycameraandshowingtheminfulllengthastheywouldhaveappearedonstage.Fromthebeginningofhiscareerasadirector,however,Griffith,becauseofhisloveofVictorianpainting,employedcomposition.Heconceivedofthecameraimageashavingaforegroundandarearground,aswellasthemiddledistancepreferredbymostdirectors.By1910,hewasusingclose-upstorevealsignificantdetailsofthesceneoroftheactingandextremelongshotstoachieveasenseofspectacleanddistance.Hisappreciationofthecamera’spossibilitiesproducednoveldramaticeffects.Bysplittinganeventintofragmentsandrecordingeachfromthemostsuitablecameraposition,hecouldsignificantlyvarytheemphasisfromcamerashottocamerashot.

Griffithalsoachieveddramaticeffectsbymeansofcreativeediting.Byjuxtaposingimagesandvaryingthespeedandrhythmoftheirpresentation,hecouldcontrolthedramaticintensityoftheeventsasthestoryprogressed.Despitethereluctanceofhisproducers,whofearedthatthepublicwouldnotbeabletofollowsuchastory,Griffithpersistedandexperimentedaswellwithotherelementswhichhavebecomestandardeversince.

Besidesdevelopingthecinema'slanguage,Griffithimmenselybroadeneditsrangeandtreatmentofsubjects.Hisearlymoviesincludednotonlythestandardcomedies,melodramas,westerns,andthrillers,butalsosuchnoveltiesasadaptationsfromBrowningandTennyson,andtreatmentofsocialissues.Ashissuccessmounted,hisambitionsgrew.Whenhemadeanewmoviein1911,heinsistedthatasubjectofimportancecouldnotbetreatedinthethenconventionallengthofonereel.Oneofhismoviesreachedtheunprecedentedlengthoffourreels,oronehour’srunningtime.Griffith’sintroductionoftheAmerican-mademulti-reelpicturebegananimmenserevolution.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）

2.TheauthorsuggeststhatGriffith’sfilminnovationshadadirecteffectonallofthefollowingexcept（）

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbefore1910thenormalrunningtimeofafilmwas（）

4.ItcanbeinferredthatGriffithwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardphotographyinthecinemabeforeGriffithcanbebestdescribedas（）

問題1選項

A.discusstheimportanceofGriffithtothedevelopmentofcinema

B.describetheimpactoncinemaoftheflashbacksandothereditinginnovations

C.documentGriffith'simpactonthechoiceofsubjectmatterinAmericanfilms

D.deplorethestateofAmericancinemabeforetheGriffith

問題2選項

A.filmediting

B.scenecomposing

C.camerawork

D.soundediting

問題3選項

A.15minutesorless

B.between30and45minutes

C.between15and30minutes

D.onehourormore

問題4選項

A.Thegooddirectorwillattempttoexplorenewideasasquicklyaspossible.

B.Themostimportantelementcontributingtoafilm’ssuccessistheabilityoftheactors.

C.Thecamerashouldbeconsideredanintegralandactiveelementinthecreationofafilm.

D.Thecinemashouldemphasizeseriousandsoberexaminationsoffundamentalhumanproblems.

問題5選項

A.sympathetic

B.indifferent

C.nostalgic

D.condescending

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.作者意圖題。文章第一段第一句就提到“Practicallyspeaking,theartisticmaturingofthecinemawasthesingle-handedachievementofDavidW.Griffith.”電影藝術(shù)的成熟是DavidW.Griffith的個人成就,接下來全文主要講Griffith對電影事業(yè)的發(fā)展做出的貢獻(xiàn),也就是講述其重要性。所以選項A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段主要講述了拍攝技巧上的創(chuàng)新,順便也提到了場景組合,所以選項B、C正確；第二段主要講述了視頻剪輯的創(chuàng)新,所以選項A也正確,第三段提到的是電影語言而不是聲音的處理,所以選項D不正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段后半部分的內(nèi)容：1911年,Griffith拍攝了一部新電影,他堅持認(rèn)為一個重要的主題不能用當(dāng)時傳統(tǒng)的一卷膠卷的長度來處理。所以這部電影達(dá)到了前所未有的四卷,即一小時的放映時間。格里菲斯引進(jìn)的美國制作的多卷電影開始了一場巨大的革命。由此推斷,1910年以前,電影正常放映的時間是一個膠卷的時間,4個膠卷為1個小時,所以1個膠卷的時間為15分鐘,選項A正確。

4.判斷推理題。選項A在文中沒有合理的論據(jù)；文中沒有涉及到演員對電影的重要性,所以選項B錯誤；

選項D電影應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)對人類基本問題的嚴(yán)肅而冷靜的審視,在文中也沒有相關(guān)論據(jù)可以證明,所以錯誤。

選項C攝影應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是電影創(chuàng)作中不可或缺的積極因素,符合原文。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。sympathetic同情的；indifferent漠不關(guān)心的；nostalgic懷舊的；condescending謙遜的。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“BeforeGriffith,photography...”作者只是很平淡的講述這一事實(shí),沒有任何帶感情色彩的褒義或者貶義詞,所以作者的態(tài)度是謙遜的,選項D正確。

8.單選題

Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes;otherwiseyou______cold.

問題1選項

A.wouldn’thavecaught

B.wouldn’tcatch

C.can’tcatch

D.can’thavecaught

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。otherwise表示“否則，要不然”時，其后的句子應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。由Youdidn’tputonmoreclothes可知此處是對過去的虛擬，故空格處用過去完成時。句意：你沒有多穿衣服，否則就不會感冒了。因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Languageproblemsare（）byculturalmisunderstandings.

問題1選項

A.decreased

B.solved

C.increased

D.ignored

【答案】C

【解析】詞義辨析題。decreased減少；solved解決；increased

増加；ignored忽視。句意：文化誤解導(dǎo)致語言問題的増加。選項C符合句意。

10.單選題

Anyonenotpayingtheregistrationfeebytheendofthismonthwillbe（

）tohavewithdrawnfromtheprogram.

問題1選項

A.contemplated

B.deemed

C.acknowledged

D.anticipated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析題。contemplate“沉思，注視”；deem“認(rèn)為，視作”；acknowledge“承認(rèn)”；anticipate“預(yù)期，期望”；句意：到本月底還沒有交納注冊費(fèi)的人將被視為已取消該課程。B項符合句意，答案B

11.單選題

Thesoilispartoftheearth,（）theatmosphere.

問題1選項

A.asitis

B.thesameis

C.sois

D.andsois

【答案】D

【解析】asitis

實(shí)際上,

事實(shí)上,

既然如此；same常用搭配是thesameas；選項C缺少連詞，所以本題選項D。句意：土地是地球的一部分,

大氣也是。

12.問答題

SincetheUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorceratein

A

B

theworld,thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurtothesameextentinEurope.Contrary

C

tofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerandhomemakerwasnotabandoned.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;Although/While

【解析】考查連詞。由“theUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld（美國的離婚率仍然是世界上最高的，這一點(diǎn)令人懷疑）”和“thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurtothesameextentinEurope（在歐洲，離婚率的暫時下降并沒有達(dá)到同樣的程度）”可知此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用although或while。

13.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

王毅表示，我們對美國有可能在韓部署薩德（THAAD）反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)的動向表示嚴(yán)重關(guān)切。薩德反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)覆蓋范圍，特別是其X波段雷達(dá)（X-Bandradar）監(jiān)測范圍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出半島防衛(wèi)需求，深入亞洲大陸腹地，不僅將直接損害中國的戰(zhàn)略安全利益，也將損害本地區(qū)其他國家的安全利益。

【答案】Theproblemyoumentionedisveryimportant.WeshowgraveconcernsaboutthepossibledeploymentoftheTerminalHighAltitudeAreaDefense(THAAD)missiledefensesystembytheUSintheROK.ThecoverageoftheTHAADmissiledefensesystem,especiallythemonitoringrangeofitsX-bandradar,goesfarbeyondthedefenseneedoftheKoreanPeninsulaandwillreachdeepintotheAsianhinterland.ItwilldamagedirectlyChina’sstrategicsecurityinterestsandalsoharmsecurityinterestsofothercountriesintheregion.

14.翻譯題

Vacationsaremorenecessarynowthanbeforebecausetodaytheaveragelifeislesswell-roundedandhasbecomeincreasinglycompartmentalized.Isupposetheideaofvacations,asweconceiveit,mustbeincomprehensibletoprimitivepeoples.Restofsomekindhasofcoursealwaysbeenapartoftherhythmofhumanlife,butearlieragesdidnotfinditnecessarytoorganizeitinthewaythatmodernmanhasdone,holidaysandfeastdaysweresufficient.

Withmodernman’sincreasingtensions,withthestultifying(極其單調(diào)乏味的)qualityofsomuchofhiswork,thisbreakintheyear’sroutinebecamesteadilymorenecessary.Vacationsbecamemandatoryforthepurposeofrenewalandrepair.AndsoitcameaboutthatintheUnitedStates,themostself-indulgentofnations,themosttenseandcompartmentalized,vacationshavecometotakeapredominantplaceindomesticconversation.

【答案】【參考譯文】休假比以前任何時候都更有必要，因?yàn)槿缃褚话闳说纳畈辉傧褚郧澳菢迂S富多彩，相反卻變得越來越單調(diào)乏味。我想原始人肯定不理解我們現(xiàn)在的休假概念。當(dāng)然，某種方式的休息，歷來是人生節(jié)奏的一部分，但人類社會早期認(rèn)為沒有必要像現(xiàn)代人那樣安排休假。那時的節(jié)日足已滿足人們的需要。

由于現(xiàn)代人生活越來越緊張，工作要求高，工作量大，因此在一年的日常工作中，休假變得越來越必要。休假已成為調(diào)節(jié)修整身心的必要手段。因此，在最任性放縱而生活節(jié)奏最緊張單調(diào)的美國，休假就成了家庭閑談的主要話題。

15.寫作題

Directions:“GoWest,YoungMan”wasapopularsayingofthe19centuryintheUnitedStates,referringtoopportunitiesonthefrontier.TodayinChina,thereisalsoagreatneedforpatrioticandenergeticyoungpeopletogowestandmakecontributionstothewesternregiondevelopment.WriteontheAnswerSheetanessayofabout150wordstodiscussthesignificanceofthedevelopmentofWestChina.ThesuggestedtitleisGoWest,RevitalizeOurNation.

【答案】GoWest,RevitalizeOurNation

ThewesternregiondevelopmentisakeymovetheStateCouncilhastaken,toachievethebalanceandco-ordinatedevelopmentofeconomyinthedifferenceregionalloverChina.Itcancontributetonationalemploymentaswellaseconomicgrowthofthewesternregion.Therefore,thewesternregionisingreatneedforanarmyoftalentswhowillbededicatedtotheiryouthandblood,inparticular,earlierstageofdevelopment.

Forthewesternprogressandprosperity,youngpeopleshouldcatchthechancetobecomepioneersthereandtoachievetheirownvalueratherthanenjoygoodlivingconditionincities.Thereexistavarietyofresourcestoberequiredforexploitingandutilizing.Thereitisfullofbusinessopportunitiestodemonstrateyourabilityandmakeyourdreamcometrue.

Ifyouareafreshgraduate,ifyouaspiretodobigthings,ifyoucommityourselftorevitalizingournation,gotothewesternregionwhereitsdevelopmentcan4carryonwithoutyourknowledge,enthusiasmanddevotion.Thewestcallsforyou!Youngpeople.

16.單選題

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.

ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat"Gift"meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers,LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublic:buildingsormonuments,wedonothavemultilingualwaitersbankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.The,attitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives-usuallythericher-whospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation'sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweare,slowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably（

）.

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir（

）.

3.Americanpeopleignoreculturaldifferencesinothercountriesbecause（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,Americanscultureblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill（

）.

5.Theauthor’sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.standstill

B.stepforward

C.jumpaside

D.drawback

問題2選項

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.indifferencetowardsforeignaffairs

C.casualmanners

D.arrogancetowardsothercultures

問題3選項

A.theycanafforditwithpowerfuleconomyandgreatwealth

B.theyareaggressivebynatureandproudoftheirownculture

C.peopleinotherculturesrespecttheAmericanculture

D.peopleinotherculturesareparticularlytolerant

問題4選項

A.affecttheirimageinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollars

問題5選項

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第二段LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable提到拉丁裔人和中東人喜歡靠得更近并且彼此接觸，這讓美國人感到不舒服，因此可以推測，當(dāng)美國人遇上中東人這種靠近的行為會后退。選項D符合題意。

2.standstill“站著不動，靜止不動”；stepforward“走出，向前進(jìn)”；jumpaside“閃開”；drawback“后退”。文章中的例子主要是用來批判美國人對自己文化的過分自信，而對他國文化的忽視（linguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualness）。選項A中的“文化自我中心”符合題意。

3.文章第六段Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.提到美國和美國人的文化愚昧和語言無知能夠維系是因?yàn)槊绹鞘澜缟献顝?qiáng)的國家，是資金和物資的提供者。由此可知，美國人之所以這樣文化自信，忽略他國文化，是因?yàn)楸緡慕?jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力足夠強(qiáng)大。選項A符合題意。

4.文章第三段Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld提到由于語言和文化的無知和看到他國的品味、姿勢、習(xí)俗和語言等的態(tài)度，使得美國正在世界中失去朋友、生意和尊重。選項C符合題意。

5.文章提到了美國對他國文化的盲目和無知導(dǎo)致他們會在生活上失去伙伴，會影響美國在世界事務(wù)中的地位，因此，熟悉他國的文化非常有必要。選項D符合題意。

17.單選題

Whilethereislittlesystematicworkrelatingforeignlanguagelearningstrategiestosuccess,thereareanumberofobservationswhichcanbemadeaboutindividualswhoaregoodlanguagelearners.

IhavebeenabletoisolatesomeoftheindividualsbyobservingstudentsinclassroomsinCaliforniaandHawaii,byobservingmyselfandtalkingtoothergoodlanguagelearners,byelicitingobservationsfromsomesecondlanguageteachers.AsIhavebeguntoobserveclasses,whatfascinatesmeishowoftentheteacherplowsaheadwiththelessonseeminglywithlittleawarenessofwhatisgoingonineachstudent,andoftenwithoutdirectingtheattentionofthepoorerstudentstohowthesuccessfulstudentarrivedathisanswer.Thatis,manyforeignlanguageteachersareconcernedwithfindingthebestmethodorwithgettingthecorrectanswer,yettheteachersfailtoattendtothelearningprocess.Iftheyattendedtoitmore,theymightbeabletotailortheirinputtotheirstudents'needsandmightbeabletoprovidetheirstudentswithtechniquesthatwouldenablethemtolearnontheirown.Indeed,nocoursecouldeverteachallweneedtoknowaboutalanguage,andthestudentsmustfindthemeanstohelpthemselves,whentheteacherisnotaround.

Thetaskofobservingthesestrategiesisacomplicatedonebecausethestrategiesnecessarilyinvolvecognitiveprocesseswhichneitherthelearnernortheteachermaybeabletospecify.However,whenourattentionisfocusedonobservingthesestrategies,Ithinkwemayfinditeasiertoisolatesomeofthem.Justrecently,Idiscoveredthatbyusingvideotapeswehopetohelplearnersandteachersseewhatisgoingonintheclassroom.Wehopetobeable,aswell,toabstractthelearnerstrategiesbyinterviewingthelearnerabouthisbehaviorduringaparticularclassroomwhichshowingthematapeoftheirownbehavior.

Inspiteofthefactthatweareonlybeginningtoisolatethesestrategies,Ithinkthatitisusefultolistsomeoftheonesfoundthusfar.TheyremaingeneralbutgiveanideaofthekindofstrategiesIthinkweoughttobelookingfor.

1.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Theauthorformedsomeideasaboutthefeaturesofgoodforeignlanguagelearningbygettinginformationfrom（

）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatthemostimportanttaskofagoodlanguageteacheris

（

）.

4.“Theymightbeabletotailortheirinputtotheirstudents'needs”means

（

）.

5.Observinglanguagelearningstrategiesisverycomplicatedbecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.TheSuccessfulLanguageLearner

B.RelationshipbetweenTeachingandLearning

C.LanguageLearningStrategies

D.ObservationsofLanguageClasses

問題2選項

A.languageclassrooms

B.talkswithstudents

C.lecturesonthistopic

D.foreignteachers

問題3選項

A.toteachstudentslearningstrategies

B.tousethetextbookskillfu