考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(10%)

中國(guó)政府已做出了重大的努力，動(dòng)員人民因地制宜地開(kāi)展改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的工作。我們還要做出更大的努力來(lái)提高人們的環(huán)境意識(shí)。需要新聞媒體廣泛宣傳我國(guó)的環(huán)境政策，普及環(huán)境知識(shí)，使每一個(gè)人投入保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境的行動(dòng)中去。

【答案】TheChinesegovernmenthasmadegreateffortstomobilizepeopletoimproveecologicalenvironmentaccordingtolocalconditions.Wewilldoubleourefforttoraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.Thenewsmediaareneededtopublicizetheenvironmentalpolicyinourcountry,popularizetheknowledgeaboutenvironment,makingeverycitizentakeanactivepartinecologicalenvironmentprotection.

2.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisacceptableandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtoarts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower;norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascismWhathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherband,Mozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.

ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven'smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven（）.

2.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）.

3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasofFlorentineCamerataare（）.

4.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartistictranscendslimitswith（）.

5.ThepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringallofthefollowingquestionsEXCEPT（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninahighlyinnovativefashion

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy

C.embellishedandInterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.resultofhighlycreativescientificcreativity

D.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymusicologists

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalueeventhoughtheyareimportantinthehistoryofmusic

C.amongthoseworksinwhichpopularhistoricalthemeswereportrayedinamusicalproduction

D.ofteninappropriatelycitedasexamplesofmusicalworksinwhichanewprincipleoforganizationwasintroduced

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.moderateamusement

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.deepskepticism

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hasunusualcreativeactivitybeencharacterizedasrevolutionary?

B.WhobesidesMonteverdiwrotemusicthattheauthorwouldconsidertoembodynewprinciplesoforganizationandtobeofhighaestheticvalue?

C.IsMozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroanexampleofacreativeworkthattranscendedlimits?

D.DidBeethovenworkwithinamusicaltradition:thatalsoincludedHandelandBach?

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為貝多芬的音樂(lè)具有一種令人矚目的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，因?yàn)樨惗喾摇薄Ｎ恼伦詈笠欢翁岬截惗喾掖蚱屏顺Ｒ?guī)，把音樂(lè)從令人窒息的陳規(guī)陋習(xí)中解放出來(lái)。但是仔細(xì)研究他的作品會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，貝多芬并沒(méi)有推翻認(rèn)為原則。相反，他是一位無(wú)與倫比的戰(zhàn)略家，他以驚人的獨(dú)創(chuàng)方式利用各種從前輩那里繼承下來(lái)的限制條件，比如規(guī)則、形式和慣例（IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways），由此可知選項(xiàng)A“以一種高度創(chuàng)造性的方式利用已有的慣例”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為一種把各種現(xiàn)象連貫地聯(lián)系起來(lái)的新理論是……”。文章第一段提到“對(duì)于科學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，一個(gè)新的理論是創(chuàng)造行為的目標(biāo)和最終結(jié)果。創(chuàng)新的科學(xué)產(chǎn)生新的命題，在這些命題中，不同的現(xiàn)象可以以更連貫的方式彼此關(guān)聯(lián)”（Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“是高創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)的結(jié)果”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“文章中提出佛羅倫薩歌劇是……”。文章第二段提到一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一首樂(lè)曲是否在音樂(lè)史上確立了一個(gè)新的原則與它的美學(xué)價(jià)值幾乎沒(méi)有關(guān)系。一些音樂(lè)作品，比如佛羅倫薩樂(lè)團(tuán)的歌劇，因?yàn)榘艘环N新的組織形式，而具有顯著的歷史重要性，但是很少有聽(tīng)眾或音樂(lè)家會(huì)把這些作品列入偉大的音樂(lè)作品之列（Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic），因此選項(xiàng)B“雖然它們?cè)谝魳?lè)史上很重要，但一般認(rèn)為沒(méi)有很高的美學(xué)價(jià)值”符合題意。

4.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為一切具有高度創(chuàng)造性的藝術(shù)都是超越界限的……”。文章第一段提到“由高創(chuàng)造性藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生的美學(xué)細(xì)節(jié)只會(huì)是對(duì)現(xiàn)有模式限制的延伸，而不會(huì)是對(duì)其超越”（Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform），由此可知作者對(duì)于那種認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造性藝術(shù)可以超越現(xiàn)有模式限制的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是不認(rèn)可的，因此選項(xiàng)D“深度懷疑”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“這篇文章提供了回答以下所有問(wèn)題的信息，除了……”。文章第一段提到“非凡的創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)被認(rèn)為是革命性的”（Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary），由此可知選項(xiàng)A“不尋常的創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)被定性為革命嗎？”在文章中有回復(fù)的信息，排除；文章最后一段提到“莫扎特的《費(fèi)加羅的婚禮》無(wú)疑是音樂(lè)的杰作之一，盡管它的適度創(chuàng)新僅限于擴(kuò)展現(xiàn)有的手段”（Mozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans），由此可知選項(xiàng)C得到了回答，排除；文章最后一段提到貝多芬打破了常規(guī)，把音樂(lè)從令人窒息的陳規(guī)陋習(xí)中解放出來(lái)。但是仔細(xì)研究他的作品會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，貝多芬并沒(méi)有推翻認(rèn)為原則。相反，他是一位無(wú)與倫比的戰(zhàn)略家，他以驚人的獨(dú)創(chuàng)方式利用各種從前輩那里繼承下來(lái)的限制條件，比如規(guī)則、形式和慣例（IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways），由此可知選項(xiàng)B在文章得到了回答，排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

One’schancesofgettingintocollegecanbebolsteredbywritinganeffectiveapplicationessay.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boasted

B.gratified

C.strengthened

D.indulged

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。題干bolstered“加強(qiáng)，改善”。A項(xiàng)“自夸；自吹自擂”，B項(xiàng)“使高興；使?jié)M意”，C項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)；增強(qiáng)”，D項(xiàng)“沉湎，沉迷”。因此選C。句意：通過(guò)撰寫(xiě)有效的申請(qǐng)論文，可以提高一個(gè)人上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。

4.單選題

Despitetremendousachievements,formidableobstaclestodevelopmentwillpersist.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.difficultt

B.sustainablet

C.externalt

D.unpredictable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。formidable表示“強(qiáng)大的，可怕的”；A項(xiàng)difficult“困難的，艱難的”，B項(xiàng)sustainable“可以忍受的，足以支撐的”，C項(xiàng)external“外部的，外表的”，D項(xiàng)unpredictable“不可預(yù)知的，出乎意料的”。句意：盡管取得了巨大成就，但發(fā)展仍將面臨巨大障礙。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Ourape-menforefathershadnoobviousweaponsinthestruggleforsurvivalintheopen.Theyhadneitherthepowerfulteethnorthe（1）clawsofthebigcats.Theycouldnot（2）withthebear,whosestrength,speedandclaws（3）animpressive“small-fire”weaponry.Theycouldnotevendefendthemselves（4）runningswiftlylikehorse,zebrasorsmallanimals.Iftheape-menhadattemptedtocompeteonthosetermsintheopen,theywouldhavebeen（5）tofailureandextinction.Buttheywere（6）withenormousconcealedadvantagesofakindnot（7）byanyoftheircompetitors.

Inthesearch（8）thepickingsoftheforest,theape-manhad（9）efficientstereoscopicvisionandasenseofcolor（10）theanimalsofthegrasslandsdidnotpossess.Theabilitytoseeclearlyatcloserange（11）theape-mentostudypracticalproblemsinawaythatlayfar（12）hereachoftheoriginalinhabitantsofthegrassland.Goodlongdistancesightwas（13）anothermatter.Lackoflong-distancevisionhadnotbeenaproblemforforest-dwellingapesandmonkeysbecausethehighertheviewpoint,thegreatertherangeofsight,so（14）theyhadhadtodowasclimbatree.Outintheopen,however,thissimplesolutionwasnot（15）.Climbingahillwouldhavehelped,butinmanyplacesthegroundwasflat.Theape-men（16）theonlypossiblesolution.Theyrearedupashighas（17）ontheirhindlimbsandbegantowalkupright.Thisvitalchangeofphysicalpositionbroughtaboutconsiderabledisadvantages.Itwasextremelyunstableanditmeantthatthealreadyslowape-manbecameslowerstill.（18）theyperseveredandtheirbonestructuregraduallybecame（19）tothenew,unstablepositionthat（20）themthenameHomoerectus,uprightman.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.big

B.weak

C.strong

D.small

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.match

B.compare

C.rival

D.equal

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.became

B.equipped

C.posed

D.provided

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.upon

C.by

D.with

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.driven

B.doomed

C.forced

D.led

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.bestowed

B.given

C.presented

D.endowed

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.managed

B.possessed

C.posed

D.opposed

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.of

C.on

D.at

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.progressed

B.generated

C.developed

D.advanced

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.as

C.what

D.that

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.urged

B.permitted

C.banned

D.caused

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.apart

C.beyond

D.above

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.rather

B.quite

C.much

D.really

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.anything

B.that

C.everything

D.all

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.available

B.enough

C.sufficient

D.convenient

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.chose

B.adopted

C.accepted

D.took

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.acceptable

C.possible

D.able

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.However

B.Therefore

C.Meanwhile

D.Subsequently

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.suited

B.familiarized

C.adapted

D.accustomed

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.obtained

B.called

C.deserved

D.earned

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】（1）考查前后邏輯。neither…nor…“既不······也不······”，兩個(gè)詞接后面接類(lèi)似的詞，neither后面接的是powerful，所以nor后面應(yīng)該接四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里的strong。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。match“使匹配，使相稱(chēng)”；compare“比較”；rival“與······競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”；equal“等于，比得上”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄儽炔簧瞎沸?，狗熊的力量、速度和爪子都能夠提供很好的武器。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（3）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。become“成為”；equip“裝備；配備”；pose“擺姿勢(shì)”；provide“提供”。空格處所在句子的句意參考第32題，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（4）考查介詞詞義辨析?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄兩踔敛荒芟耨R和斑馬那樣通過(guò)奔跑來(lái)保護(hù)自己。by“通過(guò)”，符合題意。

（5）考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。bedrivento“沉浸于”；bedoomedtosth.“注定”；beforcedto“被迫”；leadto“導(dǎo)致”。空格處所在句子的句意是：如果一個(gè)類(lèi)人猿試圖在野外與其他動(dòng)物搏斗，他們注定失敗并且滅絕。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（6）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。bestow“贈(zèng)給”，常與on或upon搭配；give“給”，常與to搭配；present“贈(zèng)予”，常與with搭配；endow“天生具有，賦予”，一般用被動(dòng)式與with搭配?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄兲焐鷵碛衅渌魏胃?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手所不具有的某種巨大的隱蔽的優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（7）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。manage“成功做”；possess“占有”；pose“擺姿勢(shì)”；oppose“反對(duì)”。空格處所在句子的句意參考第36題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（8）考查固定搭配。inthesearchof是固定搭配，“在尋找······的過(guò)程中”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（9）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。generate“生成，產(chǎn)生”；progress“進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步”；develop“形成，獲得”；advance“前進(jìn)，發(fā)展”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐窃谏娓?jìng)爭(zhēng)中類(lèi)人猿逐步形成了有效的、草地動(dòng)物不具有的立體視覺(jué)和顏色辨色能力。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（10）考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是efficientstereoscopicvisionandasenseofcolor，先行詞有兩個(gè)，所以只能用that。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（11）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。urge“催促”；permit“允許”；ban“禁止”；cause“引起”?？崭裉幥懊鎡heabilitytoseeclearlyatcloserange“能夠近距離看到目標(biāo)的能力”這個(gè)能力為它們研究實(shí)際問(wèn)題提供條件，即“允許”它們?nèi)パ芯繉?shí)際問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（12）考查固定搭配。beyondthereachof“在······范圍之外”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（13）考查副詞詞義辨析。quite是程度副詞，可以用在限定詞another前面，而另外三個(gè)副詞則不可以。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（14）考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。本句是由so引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)從句，句子缺少一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，該引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)theyhadtodo的賓語(yǔ)，all符合題意。

（15）考查形容詞詞義辨析。available“可得到的；可用的”；enough“足夠的”；sufficient“充足的”；convenient意為“方便的”?？崭裉幘渥铀诘木湟馐牵喝欢?，在空曠的野外，這種方法是行不通的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（16）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。choose“選擇，挑選”；adopt“采用；采納”；accept“接受”；take“實(shí)施；采取”。空格處所在句子的句意是：類(lèi)人猿采用了唯一可行的方法。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（17）考查形容詞詞義辨析。valuable“有價(jià)值的”；acceptable“可接受的，合意的”；possible“可能的”；able“能夠的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核鼈兊暮笾M可能高地抬起，開(kāi)始直立行走。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（18）考查前后邏輯。however“然而”；therefore“因此”；meanwhile“同時(shí)”；subsequently“隨后”?？崭裉幩诰渥优c前面的句子提到直立行走使得類(lèi)人猿站不穩(wěn)，并且跟其他動(dòng)物相比本來(lái)速度就慢了，現(xiàn)在變得更慢了（Itwasextremelyunstableanditmeantthatthealreadyslowape-manbecameslowerstill）?？崭裉幒竺嫣岬筋?lèi)人猿繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持并且使得骨頭結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)始逐漸變化，可以看出前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以however符合題意。

（19）考查形容詞詞義辨析。besuitedtosth.“適合······的”；beaccustomedto“習(xí)慣于”；befamiliarizedwith“與······相熟”；adapttosth.“適應(yīng)”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核鼈兊墓趋罎u漸適應(yīng)了這種新的行走方式。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（20）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。obtain“獲得”；call“叫”；deserve“值得”；earn“賺得，贏(yíng)得”?？崭裉幩诰渥犹岬接捎陬?lèi)人猿的骨骼逐漸適應(yīng)了直立行走，因此贏(yíng)得了“直立人”的稱(chēng)號(hào)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Ahumanbeingisquitea______creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorherfearsandinsecurityisthinandofteneasilybreached.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ludicrous

B.logical

C.frail

D.valiant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)ludicrous“滑稽的，荒唐的”，B項(xiàng)logical“邏輯的”，C項(xiàng)frail“脆弱的，虛弱的”，D項(xiàng)valiant“英勇的，勇敢的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thin“薄的，瘦的”和easilybreached“很容易被打破”，可知填入C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：人類(lèi)是一種非常脆弱的生物，因?yàn)檠谏w恐懼和不安全感的理性外表很薄弱，而且經(jīng)常很容易被打破。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Manynovelsthatattempttothemirrortheworldarereally（

）oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reflection“反映”；demonstration“示范”；illumination“照明”；reproduction“繁殖”。句意：許多試圖向世界反映現(xiàn)實(shí)的小說(shuō)，都反映了他們所代表的現(xiàn)實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialassistance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.integrity

B.instinct

C.intensity

D.insanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)integrity“完整；正直；誠(chéng)實(shí)；廉正”；B選項(xiàng)instinct“本能；直覺(jué)；天性”；C選項(xiàng)intensity“強(qiáng)度；強(qiáng)烈”；D選項(xiàng)insanity“瘋狂；精神錯(cuò)亂；愚頑”。句意：這位市長(zhǎng)是一位非常正直的女性，因此值得我們的政治和財(cái)政援助。根據(jù)句意，A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】詞匯題。

disclosure披露,

揭發(fā)；exhibition展覽,

顯示；contact接觸,

聯(lián)系；exposure暴露,

曝光。句意：過(guò)度暴露在x射線(xiàn)下會(huì)導(dǎo)致皮膚灼傷、癌癥或?qū)ι眢w造成其他傷害。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

We’ll____youforanydamagedonetoyourhousewhileweareinit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compensate

B.remedy

C.supplement

D.retrieve

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.compensate給（某人）賠償（或賠款）B.remedy改正；糾正

C.supplement增補(bǔ)；補(bǔ)充D.retrieve取回；索回

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：我們?cè)谀惴孔永锏臅r(shí)候，如果給你房子造成任何損壞，我們會(huì)……。根據(jù)邏輯，住在別人的房子里時(shí)，如果造成損壞應(yīng)該對(duì)房子的主人進(jìn)行賠償。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】我們?cè)谀惴孔永锏臅r(shí)候，如果給你房子造成任何損壞，我們會(huì)賠償?shù)摹?/p>

11.翻譯題

世界上一些國(guó)家發(fā)生問(wèn)題，從根本上來(lái)說(shuō)，都是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)上不去，沒(méi)有飯吃，沒(méi)有衣穿，沒(méi)有房住，工資增長(zhǎng)被通貨膨脹抵消。

【答案】

Basically,problemsinsomecountriesarecausedbypooreconomy,nofoodandnoclothingandnoshelter.Meanwhile,wagegrowthisoffsetbyinflation,whichalsoresultsintheseproblems.

12.單選題

HewaslookingadmiringlyatthephotographpublishedbyCollinsin（）withtheImperialMuseum.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.combination

B.collaboration

C.connection

D.collection

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他在羨慕地看著由柯林斯與帝國(guó)博物館合作出版的照片。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。incombinationwith與…結(jié)合，聯(lián)合；incollaborationwith與…合作；寫(xiě)作；inconnectionwith與…有關(guān)。沒(méi)有incollectionwith的搭配。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaU.S.laboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AU.Sexecutivetellshisstallhe’sgoingtotreatthemfairlyandcreatesdissension.AJapanesemanageispromotebyhisBritishPresident,butwithinsixmonthsasksforatransfer.

Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployees,butwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement.

“Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture,”saysCliffordClarke,founderandpresidentoftheCaliforniabasedIRIInternationalinc,oneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofconsultingfirmsthatspecializeinteachingbusinesspeoplefromdifferentcultureshowtocommunicateandworkwitheachother.

“NevershowtheshoetoanArad,neverarriveontimeforapartyinBrazil,andinJapan,don’tthink‘yes’means‘yes’,adviseU.S.consultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggs,whohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial“dos”and“don’ts’'isnottheanswer,accordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatterns,theypointout,canbedisastrous.

Forexample,theAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewarded,butwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanothers,therewerecomplaints.“Youtoldusyou'dbefair,andyouliedtous,”accusedonesalesman.“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”

TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation,“hewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan,”saidhisU.S.Manager,“butinourcompany,we’reallexpectedtobeself-starters,whothriveonworkingalone.Forhim,itwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnow,buthe’dbehumiliatedif1toldyouhisname,that’sanotherculturedifference.”

TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors.“Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney,”saysEugeneJ.Flath,presidentofIntelJapanLtd,asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker.“Now,Icanseeitisarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice.”

“That’swhyIntel,withthehelpofconsultantClarke,begananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericanandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.Fromthecontext,theword“baloney”iscloseinmeaningto

（

）.

3.WhydidtheJapanesestaffcomplaintotheAmericanmanager?

4.Theculturalcommunicationproblemsarebecomingespeciallyurgentfor

（

）.

5.WhydidthepromotedJapanesemanageraskfortransfer?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.BuildingBridgesOvertheCulturalRivets

B.MultinationalTrainingforBusinessman

C.LearningDifferentThinkingPatterns

D.CommunicationProblemsandComplaints

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.balcony

B.feat

C.nonsense

D.simplicity

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheAmericanmanagerhadliedtothem.

B.Thesalaryincreaseswereinsufficient.

C.Moststaffhadnotreceivedsalaryincreased.

D.Therewasamisunderstandingoftheword“fair”.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Americanmanagers

B.multinationalcompanies

C.Japaneseemployees

D.consultingfirms

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasnotcompetentforthehigherposition.

B.Hewasnotaccustomedtoworkingbyhimself.

C.Hecouldnotmaketheadjustmenttohisnewjob.

D.Helackedadequatecommunicationwithhissuperiors.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“本文最佳標(biāo)題是……”。文章首先是通過(guò)一些實(shí)例來(lái)引出不同文化間的交流障礙這個(gè)話(huà)題，比如一位亞洲工程師被派到美國(guó)實(shí)驗(yàn)室后幾乎精神奔潰；隨后提到跨國(guó)公司開(kāi)始重視這個(gè)問(wèn)題并且采取了一些措施來(lái)解決這些問(wèn)題，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選項(xiàng)A包含了其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，最適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“從文章中可知，baloney與哪個(gè)單詞意思最接近”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到（Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney）與（Icanseeitisarealproblem），把之前的觀(guān)點(diǎn)與現(xiàn)在的觀(guān)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，前后發(fā)生了變化，由此可知baloney的意思與“arealproblem”是相反的，即“胡說(shuō)八道”的意思。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“為什么日本員工向他們美國(guó)經(jīng)理抱怨”。文章第五段提到“這位美國(guó)經(jīng)理說(shuō)他花費(fèi)了一年半的時(shí)間來(lái)明白日本員工認(rèn)為的公平是被平等對(duì)待”（“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”），由此可以看出是因?yàn)閷?duì)fair這個(gè)單詞的誤解，使得日本員工對(duì)此抱怨。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“對(duì)于……來(lái)說(shuō)，文化交流問(wèn)題正變得特別重要”。文章第三段提到跨國(guó)公司開(kāi)始重視文化（Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“被提升的日本籍經(jīng)理為什么要求換工作”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“不能適應(yīng)職位提升的日本經(jīng)理不能用更直接的語(yǔ)言與自己在英國(guó)的上司進(jìn)行溝通從而提出了調(diào)換工作的要求”（TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors），選項(xiàng)C“他不能適應(yīng)新工作”符合題意。

14.單選題

Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.Whathasbeensaidaboutmarketforcesandmanagementwasnecessarilyoversimplified.Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.Tobesure,thereismanagement,andtherearemarketforcesatwork,buttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.

Inmodernindustrialsocietiesgovernmentsplayalargerole.Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostandreducingtheirprofits.Lowerprofits,inturn,reducetheamountofthemoneywhichisknownasworkingcapitalthatacompanycanuseforexpansion.Autoemissionstandards,forinstance,havehadasignificantimpactonthemanufactureandpricingofautomobiles.Othergovernmentmoneyisavailableforpeopletospendongoodsandservices.

Internationalcrisesandotherconditionsalsoaffecttheworkingofaneconomy.AseverefrostinBrazilcanruinacoffeecropandraisethepriceofthatcommodity.Warcancutoffthesupplyofsuchresourcesaspetroleum,chromium,orcopper.IntheUnitedStatesenvironmentalprotestshaveslowedthedevelopmentofnuclearenergycapacityandtheminingofvasttractsofprotectedland.Weatheraffectsagriculture:ahot,drysummercandamagethewheatcrop;floodscandestroythousandsofacresofcropssuddenly;andinsectpestscandevastatecroplandwitharapidonslaught.

People’sattitudesalsohaveanimpactonthemarketingofgoods.Health-consciousindividuals,forexample,maystopsmoking,curtailtheirintakeofalcohol,andeatlessofcertainkindsoffood.Advertisingaffectswhatpeoplebuy,anditcancreateamarketwherenoneexisted.Styleandfashionaresignificantformanyconsumers.

Thereareothereconomicproblemsthataremoredifficulttounderstand.Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.Althoughperiodsofprosperitycanbeexplainedrathereasily,thereasonforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature.SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionof1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertain,theremediesareequallyuncertain.Inthelate20centuryallindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizedeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment.Noneoftheremedieshasworkedtotheextentthatwashope.Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepoperatingefficientlyarethetaskofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.

66.Thechiefpurposeofthepassageis______.

67.The“machine”inthefirstsentenceofparagraph1iscomparablehereto______.

68.Theexampleofautoemissionstandardsishereusedtomakeitclearthat______.

69.Whyisitdifficulttoexplaintheonsetofeconomicdecline?

70.Theauthorbelievesthat,tofindefficientwaysofkeepingeconomygoing,economistshaveto______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toreviewthefactorsthataffecteconomicoperation

B.toexplorethecausesofperiodiceconomicdecline

C.todiscusstherolegovernmentsplayinmodernindustrializedsocieties

D.toproposeremediesforcorrectingeconomicrecessions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepoliticalsystemofanation

B.theeconomyofanation

C.themarketforce

D.thegovernmentofanation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisharmfulforagovernmenttointerferewitheconomicmatters

B.statepoliciestendtolowerprofitsanddiscourageinvestment

C.regulationmayaffectbusinessoperationbyincreasingthecost

D.mostregulationsarenotmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausenoeconomistknowseverything.

B.Becauseitalwaysfollowsaperiodofprosperity.

C.Becausetherearetoomanyreasonsbehindit.

D.Becauseitishardtopredictwhenitwillbecoming.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.findtheexactcausesforeconomicdecline

B.findwaystofightunemployment

C.workoutallthefactorsthatleadtoeconomicprosperity

D.cooperatewithbusinessmenandpoliticians

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】66.推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章的主要目的是……”。由第一段最后一句Tobesure,thereismanagement,andtherearemarketforcesatwork,buttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.（可以肯定的是，有管理，有發(fā)揮作用的市場(chǎng)力量，但也有許多其他因素幫助或阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)功能）和文章最后一段第五句Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertain,theremediesareequallyuncertain.（由于衰退的原因不確定，因此補(bǔ)救措施也同樣不確定）可知，文章的主要目的是探索經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的原因，故B項(xiàng)“探討周期性經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的原因”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“考察影響經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的因素”、C項(xiàng)“討論政府在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化社會(huì)中扮演的角色”和D項(xiàng)“提出糾正經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的補(bǔ)救措施”都只是部分提及，不足以概括全文主旨。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

67.推理判斷題。題干意思是“第1段第一句的‘機(jī)器’在這里相當(dāng)于……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一句Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.（機(jī)器越大，零件越多，故障的可能性就越大，維修費(fèi)用也就越昂貴），第一段后面有提到Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.（現(xiàn)代工業(yè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)龐大而復(fù)雜），由此可知，這里machine相當(dāng)于theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnations，即一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)，故B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)”正確。A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家的政治制度”、C項(xiàng)“市場(chǎng)的力量”和D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家的政府”都不正確。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

68.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“這里用汽車(chē)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明……”。第二段第三句提及Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostandreducingtheirprofits.（所有的法規(guī)都會(huì)影響企業(yè)的運(yùn)作方式，通常會(huì)增加成本，減少利潤(rùn)），接著就引用了汽車(chē)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的例子，這是用來(lái)說(shuō)明規(guī)章制度