考研考博-英語-北京吉利學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京吉利學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wherethepreponderanceoftheBlackpopulationhadbee8nlocated,andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatthemajorityofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapseofthecottonindustryfollowingthebollweevilinfestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants’subsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.

ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeenrigorouslyinvestigated.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentanexodusfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforce,reportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits,”thefederalcensuscategoryencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbeenticedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.

Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslaveryblacksmiths,masons,carpenterswhichhadhadamonopolyofcertaintrades,buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,andobsolescence.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustriestobacco,lumber,coalandironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Afterthebollweevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialfobs.Thus,amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundcomesintoquestion.

1.Theauthorindicatesexplicitlythatwhichofthefollowingrecordshasbeenasourceofinformationinherinvestigation?

2.Inthepassage,theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowingasapossibleobjectiontoherargument?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910?

4.TheauthorciteseachofthefollowingaspossibleinfluencesinaBlackworker’sdecisiontomigratenorthintheGreatMigrationEXCEPT（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthe“easyconclusion”mentionedinline16ofthelastparagraphisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

6.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

7.Accordingtoinformationinthepassage,whichofthefollowingisacorrectsequenceofgroupsofworkers,fromhighestpaidtolowestpaid,intheperiodbetween1910and1930?

8.Thematerialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.UnitedStatesImmigrationServicereportsfrom1914to1930.

B.Payrollsofsouthernmanufacturingfirmsbetween1910and1930.

C.Thevolumeofcottonexportsbetween1898and1910.

D.Thefederalcensusof1910.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ItisuncertainhowmanypeopleactuallymigratedduringtheGreatMigration.

B.TheeventualeconomicstatusoftheGreatMigrationmigrantshasnotbeenadequatelytraced.

C.Itisnotlikelythatpeoplewithsteadjobswouldhavereasontomovetoanotherareaofthecountry.

D.Itisnottruethattheterm“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”actuallyencompassestheentireindustrialsector.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedcompetition.

B.Theyhadbeguntorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralworkers.

C.Theyhadincreasedforskilledworkersbutdecreasedforunskilledworkers.

D.Theyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesbutdecreasedinsmallsoutherncities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wagelevelsinnortherncities

B.laborrecruiters

C.competitionfromruralworkers

D.votingrightsinnorthernstates

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomicreasons.

B.Mostpeoplewholeaveruralareastotakejobsincitiesreturntoruralareasassoonasitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodoso.

C.Peoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthanthosewithurbanbackgrounds.

D.Mostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasunskilledworkers.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Supportanalternativetoanacceptedmethodology

B.Presentevidencethatresolvesacontradiction

C.Introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformation

D.Challengeawidelyacceptedexplanation

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.ArtisansintheNorth;artisansintheSouth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;unskilledworkersinthesouth.

B.ArtisansintheNorthandSouth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheSouth.

C.ArtisansintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;artisansintheSouth.

D.ArtisansintheNorthandSouth;unskilledurbanworkersintheNorth;unskilledruralworkersintheSouth.

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.ThereasonsforthesubsequenteconomicdifficultiesofthosewhoparticipatedintheGreatMigration.

B.TheeffectofmigrationontheregionaleconomiesoftheUnitedStatesfollowingtheFirstWorldWar.

C.ThetransitionfromaruraltoanurbanexistenceforthosewhomigratedintheGreatMigration.

D.ThetransformationoftheagriculturalSouthfollowingthebollweevilinfestation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文中第二段“In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforce,reportedthemselvestobeengagedin‘manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits,’thefederalcensuscategoryencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.1910年，超過60萬名黑人工人(占黑人勞動(dòng)力的10%)自稱從事“制造業(yè)和機(jī)械制造業(yè)”，這是聯(lián)邦人口普查涵蓋整個(gè)工業(yè)部門的數(shù)據(jù)。”確定聯(lián)邦政府在1910年做了一次人口普查。D選項(xiàng)正確。其他三項(xiàng)均未在文中提到。

2.推理判斷題。文章第二段末尾提到南方惡劣的務(wù)工條件致使很多有工作的人遷徙到北方。C選項(xiàng)‘擁有穩(wěn)定工作的人不太可能有理由搬到美國的另一個(gè)地區(qū)’與之相矛盾。所以C選項(xiàng)符合題意。在文章第二段開頭作者提到，人們從來沒有真正調(diào)查過究竟是些什么人遷徙出了南方，也沒有人知道在“大移民”之前的移民潮中是否也有人遷徙到北方一些城市。因此，A、B排除。很顯然，制造業(yè)和機(jī)械業(yè)不能包含整個(gè)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。所以D項(xiàng)排除。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文中最后一段“Afterthebollweevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialfobs在棉鈴象鼻蟲泛濫之后，城市黑人工人面臨著來自持續(xù)涌入的黑人和白人農(nóng)村工人的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，他們被迫降低了以前為工廠工人支付的工資”。確定A選項(xiàng)‘由于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加劇，它們的工資被壓低了‘符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題目的意思是‘作者引用了以下盡可能在北方黑人工人決定遷移的影響在大遷移除外…….‘，D選項(xiàng)‘選舉權(quán)’并未在文章中提到，符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目意思是‘從文章中可以推斷，最后一段第16行提到的“easyconclusion”是基于以下哪一個(gè)假設(shè)?’題目中“easyconclusion”指黑人遷徙到北方之后引起的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題和他們的農(nóng)村出身有關(guān)。文章第一段最后提到來自農(nóng)村的工人對(duì)城市生活不習(xí)慣和缺乏必要的技能可能會(huì)對(duì)北方的經(jīng)濟(jì)流動(dòng)性產(chǎn)生影響。最后一段末尾作者指出“amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed向北搬遷將被視為對(duì)一個(gè)已經(jīng)城市化、就業(yè)穩(wěn)定的群體有利”。結(jié)合這兩處，可以得出C選項(xiàng)‘與城市背景的人相比，農(nóng)村背景的人在城市獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)成功的可能性更小?！项}意。

6.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本文第一段對(duì)“大移民”進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的描述，并引出了為眾人所接受的結(jié)論，即黑人遷徙到北方之后引起的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題和他們的農(nóng)村出身有關(guān)。接下來作者開始反駁。第二段指出究竟是些什么人以及在大移民之前是否有人已經(jīng)遷徙到北方都無人考究。最后一段指出移居到北方的黑人中，有35%的人是技能型工人，而另外的65%的人從事于新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，他們都已經(jīng)變得更加城市化。最后總結(jié)對(duì)于一些已經(jīng)適應(yīng)城市生活和能容易找到工作的人來說，他們遷徙到北方將是有利的，并提出黑人遷徙到北方之后引起的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題和他們的農(nóng)村出身有關(guān)是有待考究的。本文的寫作目的是D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)廣為接受的結(jié)論提出挑戰(zhàn)”。

7.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段“theycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.即使是北方的非技術(shù)工人，他們也能比南方的工匠掙得更多”。因此可以得知工資最高的應(yīng)該是ArtisansintheNorth,其次是unskilledworkersintheNorth,然后是artisansintheSouth,最后是unskilledworkersintheNorth.所以C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.主旨大意題。本文主要是反駁黑人遷徙到北方之后引起的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題和他們的農(nóng)村出身有關(guān)這樣一個(gè)結(jié)論。大篇幅闡述了大移民運(yùn)動(dòng)后北方經(jīng)濟(jì)問題產(chǎn)生的原因。因此A選項(xiàng)‘參與大遷移的人后來經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的原因’符合題意。

2.翻譯題

E-mailisnowonethefastestwaystogainorlosepotentialcustomersbecauseoftheabilitytodeliverinformationfasttoanenormousamountofpeople.Aftersendingasmallyouarenolongerincontroloftheeffectsofthemessageandcanonlywaitinsuspense.

Anemployeeofyourcompanystartedoffhis/herdayinabadmood.Apotentialcustomeremailsthemwithatrivialquestionandtheyreplywithabrash（無禮的）tone.Doyouthinktherecipientwilluseyourcompany?OntheInternetwordtravelsfast.Ittakesme3minutestosendemailto50-100people.Thereforeyourcompanycanlose100currentorpotentialcustomerswiththebrashemailsentoutbyyouremployee.Thiscanhappeninamatterofminutes.SpeakingfrompersonalexperienceIsentoutwhatIconsideredahelpfulmessageconcerningaversiontheInternet.Onepersonthoughtitwasquiteannoyingbecausetheyknewthatsomeofthesemessagesaremerelyhoaxes（惡作?。?ThemessageIreceived,withoutadoubt,shotlightningballisticme.WhatdidIdo?Iapologized.Ivisitedtheirsitetoseewhatkindofbusinesstheywereinall.Iknewthatifsomeonehadeveraskedmetogivetheminformationaboutproductsrelatingtowhattheysold,Iwouldmostlikelysay,donotuse“thiscompany”.

Ifindthatitismosthelpfultosearchnewsgroupsformycompanynametoseeifgoodorbadthingsarebeingsaidaboutme.TrysearchingforMicrosoftorNetscapeandseewhatresultsarepresentedtoyou.RemembernewsgroupsaresimplymeetingplacesontheInternetwherepeopleexchangeinformation.Mostpeopleknowthatthebestbusinesscomesfromwordofmouthor“wordofemail.”

Backtothestory.AfterIsentmyapologyIreceivedareplythenextdaystatingthattheyweresorryforwhattheyhadsaid.Problemsolved.Inowdonothaveaproblemrecommendingthatcompanytoafriend.Onsomeoccasionabrashanswerisrespondedtowithablushreply.Thosearetheluckyones.Becareful,therearemanyvindictive(報(bào)復(fù)性的)peoplewillreplytobrashnessbybreakingintoyourentiresiteanddemonstratinghowangrytheyarewithyou.Icannotandwillnottrytobreakintosomeone’swebsitebutpeoplewhoaremoreknowledgeablecananddo.

【答案】由于電子郵件可以迅速將信息發(fā)送給很多人，它也就成為了人們獲得或失去潛在顧客最快捷的方式。在發(fā)送完信息后，你就無法再控制信息可能產(chǎn)生的效果，而只能在不安中等待。

你公司員工在情緒低落中開始了一天的工作。一個(gè)潛在的客戶因?yàn)橐恍┈嵤掳l(fā)了一封郵件給他們，而他們給予了無禮的回復(fù)。你認(rèn)為收件者會(huì)選擇你們公司嗎？網(wǎng)絡(luò)中消息傳播很快。我需要三分鐘的時(shí)間將郵件發(fā)給50-100個(gè)人。于是，因?yàn)槟愎蛦T一封無禮的郵件，你的公司可能在短短幾分鐘之類損失了100個(gè)現(xiàn)有或者潛在的客戶。談到我個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷，我就曾在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上發(fā)送過一條關(guān)于電腦病毒的有益信息。有人認(rèn)為這很討厭，因?yàn)樗麄冎滥承┻@類信息純粹是惡作劇。毫無疑問，我收到的回信令我非常惱火。我怎么做的？我向他們道歉了。我訪問他們的網(wǎng)站去了解他們從事的生意。我心里想如果有人向我了解他們所生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品信息，我會(huì)說：“別用這家公司?！?/p>

我發(fā)現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的新聞組中搜索我公司的名字來查看關(guān)于我的好話和壞話是最有效的方法。嘗試去搜索微軟或者網(wǎng)景，看看搜到的結(jié)果。記住新聞組織是人們交換信息的平臺(tái)。大多數(shù)人都知道最好的商家產(chǎn)生于人們的口碑和“郵件”。

回到剛才的故事。在收到我致歉的郵件后，第二天我收到了回信，稱他們對(duì)他們所說的話感到抱歉。問題解決。我現(xiàn)在會(huì)把這家公司介紹給朋友。有時(shí)候，無禮的應(yīng)答會(huì)得到愧疚的回復(fù)。那些人是很幸運(yùn)的。但是要當(dāng)心，有許多具有報(bào)復(fù)心的人會(huì)通過入侵你的整個(gè)網(wǎng)站來回應(yīng)你的無禮并表達(dá)他們的憤怒。我不能，也不會(huì)去侵入他人的網(wǎng)站，但是那些懂得怎么侵入網(wǎng)站的人會(huì)這么做。

3.單選題

Idon’treallyknowhowto（

）theproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.draw

B.deal

C.cope

D.tackle

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知這里指處理問題，選項(xiàng)A不符合句意；選項(xiàng)B和C后面都需要接介詞with，所以只有選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.單選題

Hadelectroniccomputersnotbeeninvented,manyproblemsofspaceflight（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.couldnothavebeensolved

B.couldbesolved

C.cannotbesolved

D.couldnothavesolved

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣,從句為過去完成時(shí),主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),首先排除選項(xiàng)B和C。problem和solve之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.單選題

Therateatwhichsoilcanabsorbwater（

）withcontinuouswetting,sothelongera（

）lasts,orthegreatertherateofprecipitation,thehigherthepercentageofwaterthatwillflowacrossthegroundasrunoffandenterstreamchannels.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rises...deluge

B.diminishes...drought

C.increases...shower

D.decreases...rainstorm

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和名詞詞義辨析。rise“提升，增加”；deluge“洪水，暴雨”；diminish“使減少，使變小”；drought“干旱，缺乏”；increase“增加，增長(zhǎng)”；shower“淋浴，陣雨”；decrease“減少，減小”；rainstorm“暴風(fēng)雨，大暴雨”。句意：土壤吸收水分的速度隨著濕度加大而降低，所以暴雨持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，降水率越大，地面徑流和匯入河流的水就越多。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Theyoungwoman’sheartrevoltedagainstso（）acharge,andwhenshesawthatshecouldattempttodonothingtosaveherprotector,sheweptbitterly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blessed

B.monstrous

C.heinous

D.grievous

【答案】C

【解析】句意:年輕的夫人堅(jiān)決地抗議這種污蔑。當(dāng)她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無力拯救保護(hù)人吋，便痛苦地哭泣起來。

考查形容詞辨析。blessed幸福的，受祝福的，神圣的;monstrous巨大的，怪異的；heinous極惡毒的，道德敗壞的，可恨的；grievous痛苦的，劇烈的。因此C符合句意。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnessescannowbecuredbymoderndrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdisease.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbefore,everydaywewitnesstheincredibleslaughterofmen,womenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusthemotor-car!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledorhorriblykilledeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen.

Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheel,hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotor-caroftenbringsoutaman’sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebehindasteeringwheel.Theyswear,theyareill-manneredandaggressive,willfulastwo-year-oldandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrations,disappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving.

Thesurprisingthingisthatthesocietysmilessogentlyonthemotoristandseemstoforgivehisbehavior.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistic,tobeconvenientlyforgotten.

Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodriving,thelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefardifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleare,allowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstrictannualtestsforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson’sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglaws(wheretheyexist)shouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.Governmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationformanufacturers,ashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbeconsideredastoosevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afterall,theworldisforhumanbeings,notformotor-cars.

1.Themainideaofthispassageis_______.

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsocietytowardmotorists?

3.Whydoestheauthorsay:“hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality?”

4.WhichofthefollowingsisNOTmentionedasawayagainsttrafficaccidents?

5.Theattitudeoftheauthoris_____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trafficaccidentsaremainlycausedbymotorists

B.thousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledeachyear

C.thelawsofsomecountriesaboutdrivingaretoolax

D.onlystrictertrafficlawscanpreventaccidents

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Societysmilesonthemotorists.

B.Hugecarparksarebuiltinthecitiesandtowns.

C.Victimsofaccidentsarenothing.

D.Societycondonestheirrudedriving.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Drivingcanshowhisrealself.

B.Drivingcanshowtheotherpartofhispersonality.

C.Drivingcanbringouthischaracter.

D.Hiscarembodieshistemper.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Buildmorehighways.

B.Stricterdrivingtests.

C.Testdriverseverythreeyears.

D.Raiseagelimitandlaydownsafetyspecifications.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ironical

B.critical

C.appealing

D.militant

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Themainideaofthispassageis____.

這篇文章的主要觀點(diǎn)是____。

A.TrafficaccidentsaremainlycausedbymotoristsA.交通事故主要是由開車的人引起的

B.ThousandsofpeopletheworldoverarekilledeachyearB.全世界每年有成千上萬的人被殺

C.ThelawsofsomecountriesaboutdrivingaretoolaxC.有些國家有關(guān)駕駛的法律太寬松了

D.OnlystrictertrafficlawscanpreventaccidentsD.只有更嚴(yán)格的交通法規(guī)才能防止事故發(fā)生

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】全文主要講當(dāng)今社會(huì)交通事故發(fā)生率提高。第一段首先指出問題：全世界每年都有成千上萬的人被殺害或慘死；第二段講到：汽車常常顯露出一個(gè)人最壞的品質(zhì)；第三段講述因?yàn)槠嚦霈F(xiàn)許多問題；第四段提出作者的中心觀點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候制定一套世界準(zhǔn)則來減少這種無謂的生命浪費(fèi)了。作者提出一些舉措來防止事故的發(fā)生。綜合全文，文章先是提出因?yàn)榻煌▽?dǎo)致的許多問題，最后提出應(yīng)該要增加交通措施防止事故發(fā)生。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“交通事故主要是由開車的人引起的”，文中沒有提及交通事故的發(fā)生主要是由開車的人引起的，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“全世界每年有成千上萬的人被殺”，文中提到“全世界每年都有成千上萬的人被殺害或慘死，而我們卻袖手旁觀”但是這不是文章的主旨，文章主要說交通事故，該選項(xiàng)以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“有些國家有關(guān)駕駛的法律太寬松了”，文中提到了有些國家法律太松，但是這是為了引出文章中的主旨——要采取手段防止事故的發(fā)生，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsocietytowardmotorists?作者是如何看待社會(huì)對(duì)待司機(jī)的？

A.Societysmilesonthemotorists.A.社會(huì)對(duì)司機(jī)笑容可掬。

B.Hugecarparksarebuiltinthecitiesandtowns.B.在城市和城鎮(zhèn)建造了巨大的停車場(chǎng)。

C.Victimsofaccidentsarenothing.C.事故的受害者不算什么。

D.Societycondonestheirrudedriving.D.社會(huì)容忍他們粗野的駕駛行為。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.3第一句，該處講到“令人驚訝的是，社會(huì)對(duì)司機(jī)笑容可掬，似乎原諒了他的行為”，又因?yàn)樯衔恼f到“他們所有隱藏的沮喪、失望和嫉妒似乎都在開車的過程中顯露出來”綜合理解，作者認(rèn)為社會(huì)寬容了司機(jī)的行為。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)對(duì)司機(jī)笑容可掬”，這是作者對(duì)社會(huì)存在的一個(gè)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行的比喻，并不是作者的態(tài)度，屬于過度推斷；

B選項(xiàng)“在城市和城鎮(zhèn)建造了巨大的停車場(chǎng)”，雖然可以在文中定位到該選項(xiàng)，但是該選項(xiàng)不是作者是如何看待社會(huì)看待司機(jī)的，而是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“事故的受害者不算什么”，文中雖然可以推測(cè)出該選項(xiàng)，但是該選項(xiàng)也是對(duì)客觀現(xiàn)象的描述，并不是作者認(rèn)為的，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whydoestheauthorsay:“hiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality?”

為什么作者說:“他的車成為了他個(gè)性的延伸?”

A.Drivingcanshowhisrealself.A.駕駛可以展示他真實(shí)的自我。

B.Drivingcanshowtheotherpartofhispersonality.B.駕駛可以顯示他性格的另一部分。

C.Drivingcanbringouthischaracter.C.駕駛能顯示出他的性格。

D.Hiscarembodieshistemper.D.他的汽車體現(xiàn)了他的脾氣。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.2第一句，該處講到“他的汽車就成了他個(gè)性的延伸”，后面的句子講到“毫無疑問，汽車常常顯露出一個(gè)人最壞的品質(zhì)（worstqualities）?！边€講到“他們所有隱藏的沮喪、失望和嫉妒似乎都在開車的過程中顯露出來”。換言之，駕駛能展示一個(gè)人真正的自我，由此可以說是個(gè)性的延伸。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“駕駛可以顯示他性格的另一部分”，屬于展現(xiàn)真正自我中的一部分，該選項(xiàng)以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“駕駛能顯示出他的性格”，屬于展現(xiàn)真正自我的一部分，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“他的汽車體現(xiàn)了他的脾氣”，屬于展現(xiàn)真正自我的一部分，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhichofthefollowingsisNOTmentionedasawayagainsttrafficaccidents?

下面哪一項(xiàng)沒有被提到作為一種預(yù)防交通事故的方法?

A.Buildmorehighways.A.修建更多的公路。

B.Stricterdrivingtests.B.更嚴(yán)格的駕駛考試。

C.Testdriverseverythreeyears.C.每三年對(duì)司機(jī)進(jìn)行一次測(cè)試。

D.Raiseagelimitandlaydownsafetyspecifications.D.提高年齡限制，制定安全規(guī)范。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞awayagainsttrafficaccidents可定位到Para.4第五句，該處講到“駕駛考試應(yīng)該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，難度要比現(xiàn)在高得多”，即更嚴(yán)格的駕駛考試；還講到“所有的司機(jī)應(yīng)該每三年左右參加一次考試”；和“年輕人可以駕駛?cè)魏诬囕v的年齡應(yīng)該提高到至少21歲”。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B、C、D都提到了，A沒有提到。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“更嚴(yán)格的駕駛考試”、C選項(xiàng)“每三年對(duì)司機(jī)進(jìn)行一次測(cè)試”以及D選項(xiàng)“提高年齡限制，制定安全規(guī)范”通過解題思路可知都是文章中被提到作為一種預(yù)防交通事故的方法，和題干相悖，屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theattitudeoftheauthoris_____.作者的態(tài)度是_____。

A.ironicalA.諷刺的

B.criticalB.批評(píng)的

C.appealingC.懇求的

D.militantD.好戰(zhàn)的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】文中先是指出交通事故的產(chǎn)生越來越多，然后指出交通事故的原因，最后對(duì)各國寬松的交通法律進(jìn)行批評(píng)。綜合來看，作者的態(tài)度是批評(píng)的。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“諷刺的”，C選項(xiàng)“懇求的”，D選項(xiàng)“好戰(zhàn)的”都屬于無中生有。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Whenyouchooseafreezer,rememberit’sprobablygoingtobewithyouforalongtime.Nosinglestyleorsizeisbest,soit’simportanttoknowwhichfreezerisrightforyourneeds.

First,decideifyouwantanuprightorchestmodel.Uprightsaremoreconvenient.Theirstoragespaceismoreaccessibleandtheytakeuplessfloorarea.However,chestmodelsaremoreenergy-efficientbecauselesscoldairescapeswhentheyareopen.

Ifyou’rebuyinganupright,you’llhavetochoosebetweenfrostlessormanualdefrost.Chestfreezersarealwaysmanual.Frostlessfreezersautomaticallydefrostatpresetintervalsandremovethewater.Manualmodelsmustbedefrostedbyhandeveryfewmonthsorwheneverfrostaccumulatestoaboutaquarterofaninch.

Tohelpyourfreezerreacharipeoldage,trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts.Draftsandheatwillraisethefreezer’scabinettemperatureandmakeitworkhardertokeepcool.Thatmeanswastedenergyandashortenedcompressorlife.

Dryairisimportantbecausehighhumiditycancausethefreezertorustoutsideandfrostupinside.Withpropercare,afreezercanserveyoufor15yearsormore.

Frostlessmodelsrequirelesscarethanmanualdefrostfreezers.Theinteriorofafrostlessunitshouldbewashedperiodicallywithwarmwaterandbakingsodaoramildsoap,rinsed,anddried.

Togetthemostfromyourfreezer,checkregularlytomakesureit’sprovidingatruezero-degreetemperature.

Keepthefreezeratleastthree-quartersfull.Theemptieritgets,themoreenergyiswaswasted.Ifmorethanthreepoundsoffoodpercubicfootofstoragespaceisaddedevery24hours,theresultinghighorlowtemperaturescandamagethefood.

1.WhichisNOTthedifferencebetweenuprightmodelfreezerandchestmodelfreezer?

2.Theunderlinedword“manual”inthethirdparagraphmeans（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,choosingthebestplaceforyourfreezermeans（

）.

4.WhichisNOTmentionedaboutthefactorswhichcaninfluencethelifespanoffreezers?

5.Whichstatementbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Anuprightmodeltakeslessroomontheground.

B.Anuprightfreezeriseasierforpeopletoputinandtakeoutfood.

C.Achestfreezerismoreeffectivethananuprightone.

D.Achestmodelneedmanualdefrostwhileanuprightoneneedn’t.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.man-made

B.automatic

C.usinghands

D.everlasting

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.puttingitinanunheatedgarageifpossible

B.tryingtokeepitawayfromheat,drafts,andhumidity

C.locatingitnearasinkifitisamanual-defrostmodel

D.locatingitascloseaspossibletothekitchendoor

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Humidity

B.Propercare

C.Theamountofstorage

D.Surroundingtemperature

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itdiscussestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoffreezers.

B.Ittellsthemosteconomicalwaystouseafreezer.

C.Itexplainshowtodefrostamanual-defrostfreezer.

D.Itoffersadviceaboutchoosingandcaringforafreezer.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：立式冰柜和箱式冰柜的區(qū)別是什么？A選項(xiàng)“立式冰柜占的空間更小?！保籅選項(xiàng)“直立式冰箱更便于人們放入和取出食物?！?；C選項(xiàng)“箱式冰箱比立式冰箱更有效?！保籇選項(xiàng)“箱式冰柜需要人工除霜，而立式冰柜則不需要?！?。第二段第二句話：Uprightsaremoreconvenient.Theirstoragespaceismoreaccessibleandtheytakeuplessfloorarea.However,chestmodelsaremoreenergy-efficient…（立式冰箱比較方便。它們的存儲(chǔ)空間更方便，占用的面積更少。然而，箱式冰柜更節(jié)能……），由此可以看出A、B、C正確；雖然前面半句正確但是文章沒有提到立式冰柜不需要除霜，所以答案選D。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A“人造的”；B選項(xiàng)“自動(dòng)的”；C選項(xiàng)“使用手的”；D選項(xiàng)“永恒的”。定位到文章第三段第一句Ifyou’rebuyinganupright,you’llhavetochoosebetweenfrostlessormanualdefrost（如果你要買直筒式的，你必須在無霜和（）除霜之間做出選擇。）這里根據(jù)句意是說有兩種冰箱做選擇，有些冰箱是無霜冰箱，既然是做選擇也就是另一些是有霜的，這些有霜冰箱不能自動(dòng)除霜就需要手動(dòng)來除霜。所以這里答案選C，其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)文章，為你的冰箱選擇最好的地方意味著……A選項(xiàng)“如果可能的話，把它放在沒有暖氣的車庫里”；B選項(xiàng)“盡量讓它遠(yuǎn)離熱量，氣流和濕度”；C選項(xiàng)“如果它是手動(dòng)除霜型，就把它放在水槽附近”；D選項(xiàng)“把它放在離廚房門越近越好”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第一句話…trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts（……找一個(gè)涼爽、干燥、遠(yuǎn)離穿堂風(fēng)的地方），B選項(xiàng)是這句話的同意替換，所以答案選B選項(xiàng)。文章沒有建議把冰箱放在某個(gè)具體的地方，所以答案A、C、D都不能選。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：影響冰箱壽命的因素有哪些沒有提到？A選項(xiàng)“濕度”；B選項(xiàng)“適當(dāng)?shù)木S護(hù)”；C選項(xiàng)“存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)量”；D選項(xiàng)“周圍的溫度”。定位到文章第四段第一句…trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts（……找一個(gè)涼爽、干燥、遠(yuǎn)離穿堂風(fēng)的地方）這里講了溫度和濕度，所以答案A、D排除；定位到第五段第二句話Withpropercare,afreezercanserveyoufor15yearsormore.（如果使用得當(dāng)，冰箱可以為你服務(wù)15年甚至更久）這里講的是維護(hù)和保養(yǎng)，所以B選項(xiàng)排除；答案選C選項(xiàng)。

第5題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“它討論了冰箱的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)“它告訴了最經(jīng)濟(jì)的使用冰箱的方法”；C選項(xiàng)“它解釋了如何解凍一個(gè)手動(dòng)解凍冰柜”；D選項(xiàng)“它提供了選擇和照顧冰箱的建議”。定位到文章第一段第一句話Whenyouchooseafreezer…（當(dāng)你選冰箱的時(shí)候……）；第二段第一句話First,decideifyouwantanuprightorchestmodel.（首先，決定你是想要一個(gè)直立的還是箱型的）；第四段第一句話Tohelpyourfreezerreacharipeoldage…（為了讓你的冰箱壽命更長(zhǎng)……）從這些可以看出這篇文章是關(guān)于冰箱的選擇和保養(yǎng)的文章，所以答案選D。

9.單選題

ToliveintheUnitedStatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf’sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.

Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobyldrivehomethehumanqualityoftechnology;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlywenthaywire(變得混亂)andtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactofthetechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.

Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatoncepeoplecoulddo.Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthesamecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.YetwhenweaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasrevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.

Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheIndustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmenttosupplementandreplacesomeas