考研考博-英語-南京理工大學(xué)紫金學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京理工大學(xué)紫金學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Khalida’sfathersaysshe’s9ormaybe10.AsmuchasSayedShahloveshis10children,thefunctionallyilliterateAfghanfarmercan’tkeeptrackofalltheirbirthdates.Khalidahuddledathisside,tryingtohidebeneathherchadorandheadscarf.Theybothknowthefamilycan’tkeephermuchlonger.Khalida’sfatherhasspentmuchofhisliferaisingopium,asmenlikehimhavebeendoingfordecadesinthestonyhillsidesofeasternAfghanistanandonthedustysouthernplains.It’stheonlyreliablecashcropmostofthosefarmerseverhad.Evenso,Shahandhisfamilybarelygoby:traffickersmayprosper,butpoorfarmerslikehimonlysubsist.Nowhe’slosingfarmorethanmoney.“IneverimaginedI’dhavetopayforgrowingopiumbygivingupmydaughter,”saysShah.

Thefamily’sheartbreakbeganwhenShahborrowed$2000fromalocaltrafficker,promisingtorepaytheloanwith24kilosofopiumatharvesttime.Latelastspring,justbeforeharvest,agovernmentcrop-eradicationteamappearedatthefamily’slittleplotoflandinLaghmanprovinceanddestroyedShah’sentiretwoandhalfacresofpoppies.Unabletomeethisdebt,ShahfledwithhisfamilytoJalalabad,thecapitalofneighboringNangarharprovince.Thetraffickerfoundthemanywayanddemandedhisopium.SoShahtookhiscasebeforeatribalcouncilinLaghmanandbeggedforleniency.Instead,theeldersunanimouslyruledthatShahwouldhavetoreimbursethetraffickersbygivingKhalidatohiminmarriage.Nowthefamilycanonlywaitforthe45-year-olddrugrunnertocomebackforhisprize.Khalidawantedtobeateachersomeday,butthathasbecomeimpossible.“It’smyfate”thechildsays.

Afghansdisparagingly(貶低的)callthem“l(fā)oanbrides”—daughtersgiveninmarriagebyfatherswhohavenootherwayoutofdebt.Thepracticebeganwiththedowryabridegroom’sfamilytraditionallypaystothebride’sfatherintribalPashtunsociety.Thesedaystheamountrangesfrom$3,000orsoinpoorerplaceslikeLaghmanandNangarharto$8,000ormoreinHelmand,Afghanistan’sNo1opium-growingprovince.Foradesperatefarmer,thatbridepricecanbesalvation—butatacruelcost.AmongthePashtun,debtmarriageputsalastingstainonthehonorofthebrideandherfamily.Itbringsshameonthecountry,too.PresidentHamidKarzairecentlytoldthenation:“Icallonthepeople(notto)givetheirdaughtersformoney;theyshouldn’tgivethemtooldmen,andtheyshouldn’tgivetheminforcedmarriage.

Allthesame,localfarmerssayamancangetkilledforfailingtorepayaloan.NooneknowshowmanydebtweddingstakeplaceinAfghanistan,where93percentoftheworld’sheroinandotheropiatesoriginate.ButAfghanssaythenumberofloanbrideskeepsrisingaspoppy-eradicationeffortspushfarmersintodefault.“Thiswillbeourdarkestyearsince2000,”saysBazMohammad,65,awhite-beardedformeropiumfarmerinNangarhar.“Evenmoredaughterswillbesoldthisyear.”Theoldmanliveswiththeanguishofsellinghisown13-year-olddaughterin2000,afterTalibanleaderMullahMohammedOmarbannedpoppygrowing.“Lendersnevershowanymercy,”theoldmansays.Localfarmerssaymorethanonedebtorhasbeenboundhandandfoot,thenlockedintoasmallwindowlessroomwithasmolderingfire,slowlychokingtodeath.

Effortstopromoteothercropshavefailed.Wheatorcornbrings$250anacreatbest,whilepoppygrowerscanexpect10timesthatmuch.Besides,poppiesaremoredependable:hardierthaneitherwheatorcornandmoretolerantofdroughtandextremeheatandcold.Andinacountrywithpracticallynogovernment-fundedcreditforsmallfarmers,opiumgrowerscaneasilygetadvancesontheircrops.Theborrowermerelyagreestorepaythecashwithsomanykilos,ofopiumatapricestipulatedbythelender—often40percentormorebelowmarketvalue.Islamforbidscharginginterestonaloan,butmoneylendersinpoppycountryeludethebanbypackagingthedealasacrop-futuretransaction—andnevermindthattherateofreturnistantamount(相當(dāng)于)tousury.

1.Therelationshipbetweenthefirstandsecondparagraphisthat____.

2.ThefarmerliketogrowpoppiesintheircountriesNOTbecause____.

3.Inthelastparagraph,thestatement“...opiumgrowerscaneasilygetadvancesontheircrops”,means____.

4.Theauthoradoptsa(n)____attitudetowardsAfghansociety.

5.Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bothpresentstheactionstakenbytheAfghangovernment

B.thesecondisthelogicalresultofthefirst

C.thesecondoffersthemainreasonofthefirst

D.eachliststheproblemsthatthefamilynowarefacing

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.poppiesaremorereliableandsuitabletogrowinthisplace

B.traffickerscanmakegreatmoneyfromthepoppies

C.nogovernmentfundedcreditwasofferedforsmallfarmers

D.growingpoppiescanearnmoremoneythanothercrops

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theopiumgrowercaneasilygetmoneyinadvancefortheircrops

B.theopiumgrowercaneasilygetadvancedtechnologyforgrowingtheircrops

C.theopiumgrowercaneasilyborrowmoneyforgrowingtheircropsfornointerest

D.theopiumgrowercaneasilysellthecropsinfuturetransactions

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.merciful

B.disapproving

C.scornful

D.ambiguous

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Afghanfarmers.

B.Afghanheroinproduction.

C.PovertyinAfghanistan.

D.LoanmarriageinAfghanistan.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Therelationshipbetweenthefirstandsecondparagraphisthat____.第一段與第二段的關(guān)系是____。

A.bothpresentstheactionstakenbytheAfghangovernmentA.兩者都是阿富汗政府采取的行動(dòng)

B.thesecondisthelogicalresultofthefirstB.第二段是第一段的邏輯結(jié)果

C.thesecondoffersthemainreasonofthefirstC.第二段是第一段的主要原因

D.eachliststheproblemsthatthefamilynowarefacing.D.每一段都列出了阿富汗家庭面臨的問題

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干可知，本題詢問的是原文第一、二兩段的關(guān)系。第一段主要內(nèi)容：卡麗達(dá)（Khalida）的父親沙阿（Shah）為了種植唯一可靠的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物罌粟而不得不放棄自己的女兒；第二段主要內(nèi)容：沙阿向當(dāng)?shù)氐囊幻矩溄枇?000美元，并承諾在收獲季節(jié)用24公斤鴉片償還貸款，但是政府工作小組摧毀了沙阿整個(gè)2.5英畝的罌粟，沙阿無力償還貸款，長(zhǎng)老們一致裁定沙阿必須補(bǔ)償毒販，把卡利達(dá)嫁給他。由此可知，第二段是在解釋第一段“沙阿不得不放棄自己女兒”的原因。C選項(xiàng)“第二段是第一段的主要原因”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“兩者都是阿富汗政府采取的行動(dòng)”，第一段并沒有提及阿富汗政府的行動(dòng)，而第二段提到的阿富汗政府的行動(dòng)也不是主要內(nèi)容，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“第二段是第一段的邏輯結(jié)果”，根據(jù)原文邏輯，第二段應(yīng)該是原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于因果倒置；

D選項(xiàng)“每一段都列出了阿富汗家庭面臨的問題”，原文第一、二兩段都是在介紹沙阿一家的遭遇，該選項(xiàng)將其擴(kuò)大到“阿富汗家庭”，屬于過度泛化；并且對(duì)于一、二段關(guān)系的描述不夠具體。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThefarmerliketogrowpoppiesintheircountriesNOTbecause____.農(nóng)民喜歡在他們的地里種植罌粟，不是因?yàn)開___。

A.poppiesaremorereliableandsuitabletogrowinthisplaceA.罌粟更可靠、更適合在這個(gè)地方生長(zhǎng)

B.traffickerscanmakegreatmoneyfromthepoppiesB.販毒者可以從罌粟中賺很多錢

C.nogovernmentfundedcreditwasofferedforsmallfarmersC.沒有為小農(nóng)戶提供政府資助的信貸

D.growingpoppiescanearnmoremoneythanothercropsD.種植罌粟可以比其他作物賺更多的錢

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞growpoppies定位到原文第五段。本題詢問的是“哪一項(xiàng)不是農(nóng)民喜歡種植罌粟的原因”。B選項(xiàng)“販毒者可以從罌粟中賺很多錢”在原文中并未提及，符合題意。另外，本題詢問的是關(guān)于“農(nóng)民”的內(nèi)容，而該選項(xiàng)回答的是“販毒者”的情況，兩者在邏輯上，也是說不通的。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“罌粟更可靠、更適合在這個(gè)地方生長(zhǎng)”，可定位到本段第三句，該句提到“罌粟更可靠（poppiesaremoredependable）：比小麥或玉米更耐旱，更耐高溫，更耐寒”，由此可知，該選項(xiàng)是原因之一，不符合題意，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“沒有為小農(nóng)戶提供政府資助的信貸”，可定位到本段第四句，該句提到“在一個(gè)小農(nóng)戶幾乎沒有政府資助信貸（nogovernment-fundedcreditforsmallfarmers）的國(guó)家，鴉片種植者可以很容易地獲得作物預(yù)付款。”，由此可知，該選項(xiàng)是原因之一，不符合題意，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“種植罌粟可以比其他作物賺更多的錢”，可定位到本段第二句，該句提到“小麥或玉米每英畝最多能賣到250美元，而罌粟種植者的預(yù)期是這一數(shù)字的10倍（poppygrowerscanexpect10timesthatmuch）”，由此可知，該選項(xiàng)是原因之一，不符合題意，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthelastparagraph,thestatement“...opiumgrowerscaneasilygetadvancesontheircrops”,means____.在最后一段，“……鴉片種植者可以很容易地獲得作物預(yù)付款”這句話的意思是____。

A.theopiumgrowercaneasilygetmoneyinadvancefortheircropsA.鴉片種植者可以很容易地提前獲得資金來種植作物

B.theopiumgrowercaneasilygetadvancedtechnologyforgrowingtheircropsB.鴉片種植者可以很容易地得到先進(jìn)的技術(shù)來種植他們的作物

C.theopiumgrowercaneasilyborrowmoneyforgrowingtheircropsfornointerestC.鴉片種植者可以很容易地借到錢來種植他們的作物，并且沒有利息

D.theopiumgrowercaneasilysellthecropsinfuturetransactionsD.鴉片種植者可以很容易地在未來的交易中出售這些作物

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thelastparagraph定位到原文最后一段，題干引用句為本段第四句“在一個(gè)小農(nóng)戶幾乎沒有政府資助信貸的國(guó)家，鴉片種植者可以很容易地獲得作物預(yù)付款?！痹摼浜笪奶岬健敖杩罘絻H僅同意（merelyagreestorepaythecashwith）按照借款方規(guī)定的價(jià)格——通常是低于市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的40%或更多——用這么多公斤的鴉片償還現(xiàn)金”，由此可知，農(nóng)戶只需要答應(yīng)償還價(jià)值遠(yuǎn)高于借款現(xiàn)金金額的鴉片，就可以獲得借款，因此，A選項(xiàng)“鴉片種植者可以很容易地提前獲得資金來種植作物”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“鴉片種植者可以很容易地得到先進(jìn)的技術(shù)來種植他們的作物”，原文講的是借錢，而不是“先進(jìn)的技術(shù)”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“鴉片種植者可以很容易地借到錢來種植他們的作物，并且沒有利息”，原文提到需要償還的鴉片的價(jià)值是遠(yuǎn)高于借入的現(xiàn)金價(jià)值的，并且原文最后一句提到“利率相當(dāng)于高利貸（usury）”，因此，這種借款不僅有利息，而且很高，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“鴉片種植者可以很容易地在未來的交易中出售這些作物”，原文指的是農(nóng)民用作物來抵扣借款，并沒有提及是否很容易出售，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthoradoptsa(n)____attitudetowardsAfghansociety.作者對(duì)阿富汗社會(huì)持____的態(tài)度。

A.mercifulA.仁慈的

B.disapprovingB.不贊成的

C.scornfulC.輕蔑的；嘲笑的

D.ambiguousD.模棱兩可的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

【解題思路】本文主要介紹的是阿富汗社會(huì)中存在的“貸款婚姻”問題，從作者的用詞disparagingly“貶低的”（第三段第一句）、alastingstain“永久的污點(diǎn)”（第三段第五句）、shame“恥辱”（第三段第六句）可以看出，作者是不支持這種婚姻的。另外，本文第四段第一句提到“盡管如此，當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民說，一個(gè)人可能會(huì)因?yàn)椴荒軆斶€貸款而被殺（getkilledforfailingtorepayaloan）?！钡谖宥蔚谝痪涮岬健巴茝V其他作物的努力也失?。╢ailed）了?！本C上所述，B選項(xiàng)“不贊成的”最符合作者的態(tài)度。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“仁慈的”，不符合原文感情基調(diào)，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“鄙視的”，作者雖然不支持，但是還沒有表現(xiàn)出鄙視這個(gè)社會(huì)的程度，該選項(xiàng)屬于推理過度；

D選項(xiàng)“模棱兩可的”，原文作者是有明確的態(tài)度的，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?文章主要討論了什么？

A.Afghanfarmers.A.阿富汗農(nóng)民。

B.Afghanheroinproduction.B.阿富汗海洛因生產(chǎn)。

C.PovertyinAfghanistan.C.阿富汗的貧困。

D.LoanmarriageinAfghanistan.D.阿富汗的借貸婚姻。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題

【解題思路】分析文章行為結(jié)構(gòu)，本文的行為結(jié)構(gòu)主要為“引出問題—分析問題”：原文通過第一、二段卡麗達(dá)被迫嫁給毒販以償還父親種植鴉片的貸款的故事，引出原文第三段點(diǎn)明的“貸款新娘”這一話題；第三到五段進(jìn)一步展開分析問題：第三段提到了“貸款婚姻”給新娘、她的家庭以及社會(huì)都帶來了恥辱；第四段提到“貸款婚姻”以及“貸款新娘”的增加以及償還不了貸款的巨大代價(jià)；最后一段提到“導(dǎo)致貸款婚姻存在的貸款形式存在的原因”。綜上所述，本文主要討論的是“貸款婚姻”，D選項(xiàng)“阿富汗的借貸婚姻”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“阿富汗農(nóng)民”，本文主要講的是阿富汗農(nóng)民中存在的“貸款婚姻”問題，該選項(xiàng)表述不夠精確，屬于過度泛化；

B選項(xiàng)“阿富汗海洛因生產(chǎn)”，原文雖然提到了海洛因生產(chǎn)，但主要是為了介紹“貸款婚姻”這件事，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“阿富汗的貧困”，本文主要討論的是貧困問題中存在的貸款婚姻這個(gè)問題，該選項(xiàng)表述不夠精確，屬于過度泛化。

2.單選題

TheOlympicGames（

）in776B.C.inOlympia,asmalltowninGreece.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.originated

B.stemmed

C.derived

D.descended

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)起源于公元前776年希臘一個(gè)叫奧林匹亞的小鎮(zhèn)。

originatedin起源于，通常后面接地點(diǎn);steemed一般與介詞from連用表示“源于”;derivedfrom由…衍生而來;descendfrom由…傳下來，通常后面接某人。

3.單選題

Managementoperatesthroughvarious（）,oftenclassifiedasplanning,organleading/motivatingandcontrolling.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.foundations

B.functions

C.roles

D.relations

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意:管理部門通過各種職能運(yùn)作，通常分為規(guī)劃、機(jī)構(gòu)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)/激勵(lì)和控制。只有選項(xiàng)B有職能的意思，所以本題選B。

4.翻譯題

(1)Culturalnormssocompletelysurroundpeople,sopermeatethoughtandactionthatweneverrecognizetheassumptionscmwhichtheirlivesandtheirsanityrest.Asoneobserverputit,ifbirdsweresuddenlyendowedwithscientificcuriositytheymightexaminemanythings,buttheskyitselfwouldbeoverlookedasasuitablesubject:iffishweretobecomecuriousabouttheworld,itwouldneveroccurtothemtobeginbyinvestigatingwater.(2)Forbirdsandfishwouldtaketheskyandseaforgranted,unawareoftheirprofoundinfluencebecausetheycomprisethemediumforeveryfact.Humanbeings,inasimilarlyway,occupyasymbolicuniversegovernedbycodesthatareunconsciouslyacquiredandautomaticallyemployed.Somuchsothattheyrarelynoticethatthewaystheyinterpretandtalkabouteventsaredistinctivelydifferentfromthewayspeopleconducttheiraffairsinothercultures.

Aslongaspeopleremainblindtothesourcesoftheirmeanings,theyareimprisonedwithinthem.Theseculturalframesofreferencearenolessconfiningsimplybecausetheycannotbeseenortouched.(3)Whetheritisanindividualneurosisthatkeepsanindividualoutofcontactwithhisneighbors,oracollectiveneurosisthatseparatesneighborsofdifferentcultures,bothareformsofblindnessthatlimitwhatcanbeexperiencedandwhatcanbelearnedfromothers.

Itwouldseemthateverywherepeoplewoulddesiretobreakoutoftheboundariesoftheirownexperientialworlds.Theirabilitytoreactsensitivelytoawiderspectrumofeventsandpeoplesrequiresanovercomingofsuchculturalparochialism.But,infact,fewattainthisbroadervision.(4)Some,ofcourse,havelittleopportunityforwiderculturalexperience,thoughthisconditionshouldchangeasthemovementofaccelerates.Othersdonottrytowidentheirexperiencebecausetheyprefertheoldandfamiliar,seekfromtheiraffairsonlyfurtherconfirmationofthecorrectnessoftheirownvalues.Stillothersrecoilfromsuchexperiencesbecausetheyfeelitdangeroustoprobetoodeeplyintothepersonalorculturalunconscious.(5)Exposuremayrevealhowtenuousandarbitrarymanyculturalnormsare;suchexposuremightforcepeopletoacquirenewbasesforinterpretingevents.Andevenforthemanywhodoseekactivelytoenlargethevarietyofhumanbeingswithwhomtheyarecapableofcommunicatingtherearestilldifficulties.

Culturalmyopiapersistsnotmerelybecauseofinertiaandhabit,butchieflybecauseitissodifficulttoovercome.Oneacquiresapersonalityandacultureinchildhood,longbeforeheiscapableofcomprehendingeitherofthem.Tosurvive,eachpersonmasterstheperceptualorientations,cognitivebiases,andcommunicativehabitsofhisownculture.Butoncemastered,objectiveassessmentofthesesameprocessesisawkwardsincethesamemechanismsthatarebeingevaluatedmustbeusedinmakingtheevaluations.

【答案】（1）文化規(guī)范完全圍繞在人們的周圍，滲透在人們的思想和行為中，以至于我們從來沒有意識(shí)到他們生活和精神正常所依賴的那些假設(shè)。

（2）因?yàn)轼B和魚會(huì)認(rèn)為天空和大海是理所當(dāng)然的，他們沒有意識(shí)到它們的深遠(yuǎn)影響，因?yàn)樗鼈儤?gòu)成了每一個(gè)事實(shí)的媒介。

（3）無論是使一個(gè)人與他的鄰居失去聯(lián)系的個(gè)體神經(jīng)癥，還是將不同文化的鄰居分開的集體神經(jīng)癥，都是一種限制了人們可以體驗(yàn)和從他人那里學(xué)到什么的失明形式。

（4）當(dāng)然，有些人幾乎沒有機(jī)會(huì)獲得更廣泛的文化體驗(yàn)，不過這種情況應(yīng)該隨著移民運(yùn)動(dòng)的加速而改變。

（5）暴露可能揭示出許多文化規(guī)范是多么脆弱和武斷；這種接觸可能會(huì)迫使人們獲得解釋事件的新基礎(chǔ)。

5.填空題

Myparentshavebeen（1）meto（2）marriedforthelasttwoyears,butIstillhaven’tmadeupmy（3）.

句意:在過去的兩年里，我的父母一直讓我結(jié)婚，但是我仍舊沒有做好決定。

【答案】1.asking

2.get

3.mind

【解析】1.固定搭配。Asksb.todo要求某人做某事。此處表示“一直”,用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),所以填asking。

2.固定搭配。Getmarried結(jié)婚。

3.固定搭配。Makeupone’smind下決心。

6.單選題

Themagicianpickedseveralpersons（）fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelpwiththeperformance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.byaccident

B.atrandom

C.onoccasion

D.onaverage

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)byaccident“偶爾、意外地”；B選項(xiàng)atrandom“隨意地、隨機(jī)的”；C選項(xiàng)onoccasion“有時(shí)、不時(shí)地”；D選項(xiàng)onaverage“平均”，句意為：魔術(shù)師從觀眾中挑選了幾個(gè)人，請(qǐng)他們幫忙表演。挑選觀眾是隨機(jī)地，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Theeditorspenthours（）everysinglepageofthatthicknovel,lookingfortheslightesterror.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decorating

B.remedying

C.scrutinizing

D.shattering

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。decorate“裝飾；布置”；remedy“補(bǔ)救；糾正”；scrutinize“詳細(xì)檢查”；shatter“粉碎”。根據(jù)everysinglepage(每一頁)，以及l(fā)ookingfortheslightesterror（尋找最細(xì)微的錯(cuò)誤），可知是對(duì)整部小說進(jìn)行仔細(xì)檢查，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

（

）amongyoungpeopleisdifficulttoexpectorachieve.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Assurance

B.Probability

C.Reliance

D.Conformity

【答案】D

【解析】assurance保證,擔(dān)保；probability可能性,機(jī)率；reliance信賴；conformity一致,符合。句意:很難指望或?qū)崿F(xiàn)年輕人的服從。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Toyoutheseproblemsmightnotbeveryserious,butforyoungpeopletheycan______large.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reel

B.reveal

C.alter

D.loom

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)reel“震驚，（因突然受挫）暈眩，（尤指醉酒）走路踉蹌”，B項(xiàng)reveal“顯示，透露，揭露”，C項(xiàng)alter“改變，更改”，D項(xiàng)loom“可怕地出現(xiàn)，顯得突出，（不祥之事）似將發(fā)生”。由but可知，前后語義為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)前一句Toyoutheseproblemsmightnotbeveryserious“對(duì)你來說，這些問題可能不是很嚴(yán)重”可推，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)和notserious相對(duì)的詞語，而loomlarge固定搭配，表示“顯得突出”。句意：對(duì)你來說，這些問題可能不是很嚴(yán)重，但對(duì)年輕人來說，它們可能顯得很突出。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately,thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall．Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize．Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape．Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier．Youmaycutoutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausingwounds．Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingthebranchesthatarelockingupthecenterandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwouldisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordiseases,butitisawoundthatwillheal．Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,orthatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk．Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducetheriskasfaraspossible．Itisessentialtomaketheareawhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness．Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose．Pruningisusuallydoneinwinter,forthenyoucanseetheshapeofthetreeclearlywithouttheinterferencefromtheleavesanditis,too,veryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed．Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

1.Pruningisprobablyusuallydoneto（）.

2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makethesmallbranchesthicker.

B.getridofthesmallbranches.

C.improvetheshapeofthetree.

D.makethetreegrowtaller.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches.

B.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly.

C.doesnotprotectthemfromthewind.

D.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tohelpawoundtodry.

B.Tocoveraroughsurface.

C.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.

D.Tomakeawoundsmooth.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.regularlyeverywinter.

B.occasionallywhennecessary.

C.asquicklyaspossible.

D.atintervalsthroughouttheyear.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

B.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdisease.

C.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.

D.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段第一句指出：First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize(首先，修剪可以確保樹有一個(gè)理想的形狀或大小)。由此可知，修剪通常是為了“改善樹的形狀”，故選C。

2.判斷推理題。第二段最后一句指出：Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingthebranchesthatarelockingupthecenterandsopreventingthefreemovementofair(修剪掉擋在中間而阻止了空氣自由流通的樹枝，可以讓樹更健康)。由此可知，如果園丁讓太多的樹枝在中間生長(zhǎng)，樹就會(huì)不健康。D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。最后一段第一句指出：Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwouldisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordiseases,butitisawoundthatwillheal(修剪的一個(gè)后果是樹上留下一個(gè)缺口，這為疾病提供了一個(gè)容易的入口，但這是一個(gè)可以愈合的傷口)。因此樹被涂上一種特殊材料終究是為了“防止疾病通過修剪口侵入”。B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都是干擾項(xiàng)，雖然后面提到：Itisessentialtomaketheareawhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness(修剪過的區(qū)域必須光滑干凈，因?yàn)榇植跁?huì)減緩愈合速度)。但它們并不是最終原因。因此本題選C。

4.判斷推理題。第一段指出：Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand…(只有在有充分和明確的理由時(shí)才應(yīng)該修剪樹木)。由此推斷，B項(xiàng)“必要時(shí)偶爾修剪”正確。

5.主旨大意題。本文開頭講了修剪的原因，方法，后面講了修剪的后果極其處理方法，因此C項(xiàng)“概述修剪”比較能概括本文主旨。

11.單選題

Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof（

）istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetoliveinandyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elitism

B.eloquence

C.eminence

D.etiquette

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:在無數(shù)的規(guī)則下，雄辯最根本的目的是為了讓這個(gè)世界成為更美好的地方，你成為更好相處的人。

elitism精英主義；杰出人物統(tǒng)治論。eloquence口才；雄辯；雄辯術(shù)；修辭。eminence顯赫；卓越；高處。etiquette顯赫；卓越；尚處。

12.單選題

Manypeopletakeforgrantedthatallartshouldbebeautiful.Wemayaswellfacethequestionsquarelysinceitisbasictoourwholeattitudetowardart.Whyaretheresomany“ugly”worksofart?Thereareseveralpossibleanswers.Wemightreplythat“beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder”.Inotherwords,beautysubjective,andyourpersonaltasteleadsyoutorejectthingsthatmightbebeautifultoothers.Both“beautiful”and“ugly”implyaestheticvaluejudgments.

Thispossibilitydependsontheassumptionthattheartist’sproperaimisthecreationofbeauty.Butthereisanotherpossibility.Perhapstheworksaresuccessesbyartistswhoweresincerelyaimingatsomethingotherthanconventional,physicalbeauty.Wouldanartistintentionallymakesomethingugly?Andwhat,actually,dowemeanbythewords“ugly”and“beautiful”?

Overthecenturiesnumerouswritershavegrappledwiththeconceptofbeautyandtriedtounderstandit.Oneofthemostentertainingwasthe18th-centuryBritishstatesmanEdmundBurke,whowroteanessaycalled“TheSublimeandtheBeautiful”.IntheessayBurkedefinedbeautyasapositiveandstrikingqualitythatproducespleasurebybeingsmall,smooth,graduallyorgentlyvaried,delicate,softlyandvariablecolored.Itissubmissiveandmayarouselove.Beautyisnotrelatedtoproportion,saidBurke,nottofunctionalfitness,noreventoperfection.Allthesethingsarefoundapartfrombeauty.

Thesublime,bycontrast,isvasteventoinfinity,difficult,magnificent,darkandrugged.AccordingtoBurke,itwill“fillthemindwiththatsortofdelightfulhorror,whichisthemostgenuineeffectandearliesttestofthesublime”.Athingmaybeuglyandyetsublimeifitis“unitedwithsuchqualitiesasexciteastrongterror”.Burkemadeitclearthatgreatnessliesonthesideofsublime,notofthebeautiful.

Thisisquiteausefulidea.Let’skeepitinmindwhilewelookatIvanAlbright’spaintingIda.Albright’sworkisnotsmooth,delicate,orsoft,anditisnotlikelytoarouselove.Formostpeople,though,itwouldevokedelightfulhorror.Whatistheartistaimingat?Acommonreactionistosaythattheartistisshowingusapersonwhoisphysicallyandmentally—evenspiritually-exhausted.Accordingtothisinterpretation,Albrightteachesusaboutspiritualdecay.Everybulge,everywrinkle,everywartstandsforanastyblowthat.

1.Wecanseefromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat().

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightBurkehaveagreewith?

3.WhichofthefollowingcanbesaidofAlbright’spainting?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat().

5.Theauthorwrotethisarticleto().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beautyanduglinessaretwoconceptsembodiedindifferentforms

B.neitherbeautynoruglinesscanbedefinitelydefined

C.beautyanduglinessareoppositeartisticexpressions

D.beautyissubjectivewhileuglinessisobjective

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thesublimemightnotbebeautifulbutthebeautifulmustbethesublime.

B.Delightfulhorrorderivesfromthesublime.

C.Thebeautifulisofapositivequalitywhilethesublimeisofanegativeone.

D.Theuglymaynotnecessarilybethesublime.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itdestroyspeople’shopesinlife.

B.Itisinmostviewers’eyes,abeautifulpieceofart.

C.ItpresentssomethingsublimeinBurke’sview.

D.Itdefinesanyinterpretation.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorisastrongsupporterofBurke’saesthetictheory

B.theauthorisworriedaboutthesomanyuglyworksofartproducedtoday

C.Albright’spaintinghasarousedcontroversy

D.beautydoesn’tlieinworksofartthemselves

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.differentiatethebeautifulandtheugly

B.describetousAlbright’spainting.

C.introducetousBurke’saesthetictheory

D.teachustherightwaytoevaluateworksofart

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)一二段的內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為美是主觀的,“美”與“丑”都蘊(yùn)涵著審美價(jià)值判斷。這可能取決于藝術(shù)家旨在創(chuàng)造美或者追求的不是傳統(tǒng)的外在美。所以可以推斷,美和丑沒有絕對(duì)的定義,選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Burke定位到第三段和第四段,Burke認(rèn)為美麗是積極的,而崇高是廣闊的甚至是黑暗的。崇高可以使人充滿愉悅的恐懼感,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。美麗是積極的,但不代表崇高就是消極的,因?yàn)閭ゴ笤谟诔绺?而非美麗。所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；

3.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Albright定位到最后一段,“Albright’sworkisnotsmooth,delicate,orsoft,anditisnotlikelytoarouselove.Formostpeople,though,itwouldevokedelightfulhorror.”奧爾布賴特的作品既不流暢,也不細(xì)膩,也不柔軟,不太可能引起愛。然而,對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說,它會(huì)引起愉快的恐懼。上文提到的令人產(chǎn)生愉快的恐懼的指的是崇高,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)原文,作者首先提出“美”與“丑”都蘊(yùn)涵著審美價(jià)值判斷,然后用Burke的言論和Albright的畫講述了崇高和美麗之間的關(guān)系,說明作者認(rèn)為美不在于藝術(shù)品本身,而在于藝術(shù)家想要表達(dá)或傳遞的情感。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.作者寫這篇文章的目的在于教我們正確評(píng)價(jià)藝術(shù)作品的方法。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

13.單選題

Thereisalready（）cleartoshowthatplantsandanimalsarebeingaffectedbyclimatechange.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.witness

B.certification

C.identity

D.evidence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)witness“證人”；B選項(xiàng)certification“證明”；C選項(xiàng)identity“身份”；D選項(xiàng)evidence“證據(jù)”。句意：已經(jīng)有明確的證據(jù)表明，動(dòng)植物正受到氣候變化的影響。本句表示明確的證據(jù)，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Ifnoonetakesthe（

）andplansforthetrip,wewillneverleavehome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.initial

B.initiative

C.original

D.beginning

【答案】B

【解析】taketheinitiative為固定搭配,意為“帶頭,采取主動(dòng)”。句意:如果沒有人帶頭和計(jì)劃這次旅行,我們是不會(huì)離開家的。選項(xiàng)B正確。

15.單選題

Theofficermurmuredhisconsent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stuttered

B.nodded

C.mumbled

D.uttered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。murmur意為“低語，喃喃細(xì)語”；stutter意為“口吃，結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地說”；nod意為“點(diǎn)頭”；mumble意為“嘟噥，低聲說”；utter意為“說，出聲”。

句意：警官低聲表示同意。

16.單選題

Ascientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtaindatabothontheresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthattendtoencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.

Ifaneconomistwereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost—peoplewithrisingincomes,stableincomes,ordecliningincomes—hewouldprobablyanswer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actually,intheyears1947-1950,theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedtheleast.Thisshowsusthattraditionalassumptionsaboutearningandspendingarenotalwaysreliable.Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogoup,theywillhastentobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodown,theywillpostponebuying.Butresearchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalwaystrue.Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.Onetypicalattitudewasexpressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewasatimeofrisingprices.“Inafewmonths,”shesaid,“we’llhavetopaymoreformeatandmilk;we’llhavelesstospendonotherthings.”Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.Furthermore,theriseinpricesthathasalreadytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.Thisisshownbythefollowingtypicalcomment:“Ijustdon’tpaytheseprices;theyaretoohigh.”

Traditionalassumptionsshouldbeinvestigatedcarefully,andfactorsoftimeandplaceshouldbeconsidered.TheinvestigationsmentionedabovewerecarriedoutinAmerica.InvestigationsconductedatthesametimeinGreatBritain,however,yieldedresultsthatweremoreinagreementwithtraditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostconductivetospendingappearstobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeoplehavebecomeaccustomedtoconsiderthem“right”andexpectthemtoremainstable,theyarelikelytobuy.Thus,itappearsthatthecommonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstablepriceswithoccasionalsalesordiscountsisbasedonacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology.