考研考博-英語-中國計(jì)量大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國計(jì)量大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Althoughthetwoplayersare（

）inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriends.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.partners

B.rivals

C.enemies

D.companions

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)partner“同伴、合伙人”；B選項(xiàng)rival“對(duì)手、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者”；C選項(xiàng)enemy“敵人”；D選項(xiàng)companion“同伴、伙伴”，空格所在的句子為讓步狀語從句，句子意思為“盡管兩位選手在網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)上是對(duì)手”，可知空格部分單詞意思為“對(duì)手”，和主句中的“goodfriends好朋友”是正反義詞關(guān)系，句意為：盡管兩位選手在網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)上是對(duì)手，但是她們是很好的朋友。故正確答案選B。

2.單選題

Thebasiccausesareunknown,althoughcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identified

B.guaranteed

C.notified

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】identify確定，鑒定，識(shí)別；guarantee保證，擔(dān)保；notify通告，通知，公布；convey傳達(dá)，運(yùn)輸。句意：盡管可能導(dǎo)致癌癥的某些條件已經(jīng)確定，但基本原因還是未知數(shù)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

Storesandsupermarketshavebeen（）witheachothertoattractcustomers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.striving

B.vying

C.conquering

D.sprouting

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。striving“奮斗，力爭(zhēng)”；vying“使針鋒相對(duì)”；conquering“戰(zhàn)勝，征服”；sprouting“使發(fā)芽；使萌芽”。句意：商店和超市針鋒相對(duì)，都想要吸引顧客。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Theheadlightsoftheapproachingcarwereso（）thatthecyclisthadtostopriding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gleaning

B.staring

C.gleaming

D.dazzling

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。gleaning"拾遺";staring"目不轉(zhuǎn)睛的,凝視的";gleaming"閃爍的,閃閃發(fā)光的";dazzling"耀眼的,光彩奪目的"。句意：那輛駛來的汽車的前燈太耀眼，以致于騎自行車的人不得不停下來。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

5.單選題

Duringtheirfirstteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe___oflessons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.observation觀察；監(jiān)視B.investigation調(diào)查；調(diào)查研究

C.inspection視察；檢查D.examination考試；檢查

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意，教師實(shí)習(xí)的學(xué)生經(jīng)常去學(xué)校參加培訓(xùn)，培訓(xùn)的內(nèi)容是forthe____oflessons，由此可以推斷出進(jìn)行教師實(shí)習(xí)的學(xué)生是去本地的學(xué)校觀察上課。observation指一段時(shí)間內(nèi)仔細(xì)觀察某人/某事物的行為，尤指為了學(xué)習(xí)某事物。因此A.observation“觀察”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)investigation指對(duì)某一情況、犯罪等事實(shí)的官方審查，或者是對(duì)某一主題或問題的事實(shí)進(jìn)行的科學(xué)或?qū)W術(shù)檢查，而本句重點(diǎn)在于去觀察當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校的課程，不屬于犯罪等事實(shí)，也不屬于科學(xué)或?qū)W術(shù)檢查；

C選項(xiàng)inspection指對(duì)學(xué)校、工廠等的正式訪問，以檢查規(guī)章是否被遵守，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是否可接受，教師實(shí)習(xí)的學(xué)生并不是正式訪問，排除；

D選項(xiàng)examination指仔細(xì)檢查（某事物/某人），尤指檢查是否有問題或找出問題的原因，不符合句子語境。

【句意】在他們的第一個(gè)教師培訓(xùn)年，學(xué)生們經(jīng)常去當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校觀察課程。

6.單選題

Scientistsbelievethataconclusionwhichisdrawnreadilybeforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplatediscalled（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insincere

B.premature

C.premise

D.presumption

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。insincereadj.不誠懇的；premature不成熟的；premise前提，假定；presumption推測(cè)，放肆。句意：科學(xué)家認(rèn)為在所有相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)被收集、分析和計(jì)劃之前就容易得出來的結(jié)論稱之為（）。由句子內(nèi)容可知這種結(jié)論是一種推測(cè)。故D項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theleadersofthemythopoeticmen'smovementbelievethatmodernizationhasledtothefeminizationofmen.Mythopoetsbelievethattheriseoftheurbanindustrialsociety"trappedmenintostraitjacketsofrationality,thusbluntingthepowerfulemotionalcommunionandcollectivespiritualtranscendencethattheybelievemenintribalsocietiestypicallyenjoyed".Mostimportantly,themovementseekstorestorethe"deepmasculine"tomenwhohavelostitintheirmoremodernlifestyles.Othercausesforthelossofthe"deepmasculine"include:Mennolongerbeingcomradeswhocelebratedtheirmasculinitytogether.Rather,theyhadbecomecompetitorswithintheirworkplaces;Menspendingmoretimeintheirhouseswithwomenthantheydidwithmen(innon-competitivetermsoutsideofwork).Excessiveinteractionwithwomengenerallykeptmenfromrealizingtheirinternalmasculinity;Feminismisbringingattentiontothe“femininevoice.”Throughthis,themythopoeticmenfeltthattheirvoiceshadbeenmuted(thoughBlyandothersarecarefulinnotblamingfeminismforthis);Theseparationofmenfromtheirfatherskeptthemfrombeingtrulyinitiatedintomanhood,andwasasourceofemotionaldamage.Menweresufferingfurtheremotionaldamageduetofeministaccusationsaboutsexism.Menshouldcelebratetheirdifferencesfromwomen,ratherthanfeelingguiltyaboutthem.Menisbeingdiscouragedfromexpressingtheiremotions.Maleinexpressivityisanepidemicanddoesnotcorrespondtotheir"deepmasculine"natures.Groupsofprimarilywhite,middle-aged,heterosexualmenfromtheprofessionalclassretreatedfromtheirfemalelovedonesinordertojoininspiritualritualsthatemphasizedhomosociality,withthecentralgoalofreclaimingthepartsoftheirmasculinitythattheyhadlostcalledthe"deepmasculine."Becausemostmennolongerperformmasculinerituals,mythopoetsassertthatmenhavemutatedintodestructive,hypermasculinechauvinists,or,intheoppositedirection,havebecometoofeminized.Themythopoeticmenperformedritualsatthesegatherings,whichweremeanttoimitatethoseperformedbytribalsocietieswhenmeninitiatedboysintoadeeplyessentialnaturalmanhood.Themovementemphasizedtheimportanceofincludingmultiplegenerationsofmenintherituals,sothatthemencouldlearnaboutmasculinityfromthosewhowereolderandwiser.Characteristicoftheearlymythopoeticmovementwasatendencytoretellmyths,legendsandfolktales,andengageintheirexegesisasatoolforpersonalinsight.UsingfrequentreferencestoarchetypesasdrawnfromJungiananalyticalpsychology,themovementfocusedonissuesofgenderrole,genderidentityandwellnessforthemodernman(andwoman).Advocateswouldoftenengageinstorytellingwithmusic,theseactsbeingseenasamodernextensiontoaformof"newageshamanism"popularizedbyMichaelHarneratapproximatelythesametime.Themovementsoughttoempowermenbymeansofequatingarchetypalcharacterswiththeirownemotionsandabilities.Forinstance,MichaelMessnerdescribestheconceptof"Zeusenergy"asemphasizing"maleauthorityacceptedforthegoodofthecommunity".Beliefsabouttheemotionalsystembasedinarchetypesofgreatmen,mythopoetssoughttochannelthesecharactersinthemselves,sothattheycouldunleashtheir"animal-males".ThisgroupprimarilyanalyzedthearchetypesofKing,Warrior,Magician,LoverandWildman.

Asaself-helpmovementthemythopoeticmovementtendsnottotakeexplicitstancesonpoliticalissuessuchasfeminism,gayrightsorfamilylaw(suchastheissuesofdivorce,domesticviolenceorchildcustody),preferringinsteadtostayfocusedonemotionalandpsychologicalwell-being.Becauseofthisneutrality,themovementbecameasiteofsocialcriticismbyfeminists,andwasoftencharacterizedasanti-intellectualaswellasapolitical.MichaelMessneroncegaveaspeechatagathering,inwhichheaddressedthedangersofcelebratingthewarrior,asinstancesofrapearehigherincountriesthatglorifywar.Themythopoetsrespondedthattheywerenotinterestedinintellectualorpoliticalpursuits,butwereprimarilyconcernedwithconductingspiritualandemotionalwork.Additionalfeministcritiquerevolvedaroundthemovement'sabsenceofwomen'sperspectives,aswellastheessentialisminthemovement'steachings.

1.Themythopoeticmen'smovementcanbestbeunderstoodas（

）.

2.Themythopoeticmen'smovementconsistsofgroupsofmenwhoretreatedfromtheirfemalelovedonesinordertostrivefor

（

）.

3.Theideathatmodernizationhasledtothefeminizationofmenmeansthat

（

）.

4.Therootissueis

（

）.

5.Accordingtothetext,thecausesforrapemustbesoughtin（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amen'sliterarymovement

B.amen'sliberationmovement

C.amen'srightsmovement

D.asecond-wavefeministmovement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.gayrights

B.same-sexmarriage

C.masculinity

D.myths,legendsandfolktales

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mencannotbethemselves

B.mencannolongermakefriends

C.men’svoicehavechanged

D.mencannotexpressthemselves

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.feminism

B.masculinity

C.sex

D.gender

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecelebrationofthearchetypeofthewarrior

B.theunleashingofmen's“animal-males”

C.domesticviolence

D.thelossofmasculinerituals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.判斷推理題。題干問的是：男權(quán)的神話運(yùn)動(dòng)可以被看作是?第一段指出：themovementseekstorestorethe“deepmasculine”tomenwhohavelostitintheirmoremodernlifestyles（這一運(yùn)動(dòng)旨在恢復(fù)那些在現(xiàn)代生活方式中喪失了“真男兒氣概”的男人），以及Feminismisbringingattentiontothe“femininevoice.”Throughthis,themythopoeticmenfeltthattheirvoiceshadbeenmuted(thoughBlyandothersarecarefulinnotblamingfeminismforthis)（女權(quán)主義引起了人們對(duì)“女性聲音”的關(guān)注，也因?yàn)榇?，男?quán)的神話運(yùn)動(dòng)中的男人感到他們的聲音被壓制了（盡管布萊和其他人都很小心地不把這歸咎于女權(quán)主義），以及Themovementsoughttoempowermenbymeansofequatingarchetypalcharacterswiththeirownemotionsandabilities（該運(yùn)動(dòng)試圖通過將原型人物與他們自己的情感和能力匹配起來以賦予男性力量）。由此可以看出男權(quán)的神話運(yùn)動(dòng)呼吁男子氣概，男性力量和男性權(quán)利。故選C項(xiàng)“男子權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)”。

第2題:2.根據(jù)題干定位至第一段：Groupsofprimarilywhite,middle-aged,heterosexualmenfromtheprofessionalclassretreatedfromtheirfemalelovedonesinordertojoininspiritualritualsthatemphasizedhomosociality,withthecentralgoalofreclaimingthepartsoftheirmasculinitythattheyhadlostcalledthe“deepmasculine.”（活動(dòng)組成員主要是白人、中年男性和異性戀男性，他們暫離了愛人，為了參加強(qiáng)調(diào)同性交際，目標(biāo)是恢復(fù)他們失去的，被叫作“真男兒氣概”的男子氣概的活動(dòng)儀式。），因此C項(xiàng)“男子氣概”正確。

第3題:3.語義題。題干所在句的后面句子指出：Feminismisbringingattentiontothe“femininevoice.”Throughthis,themythopoeticmenfeltthattheirvoiceshadbeenmuted(thoughBlyandothersarecarefulinnotblamingfeminismforthis)（女權(quán)主義引起了人們對(duì)“女性聲音”的關(guān)注，也因?yàn)榇?，男?quán)的神話運(yùn)動(dòng)中的男人感到他們的聲音被壓制了（盡管布萊和其他人都很小心地不把這歸咎于女權(quán)主義）。而且文章說男權(quán)的神話運(yùn)動(dòng)目的是恢復(fù)男子氣概，倡導(dǎo)“男權(quán)”。因此男權(quán)的神話運(yùn)動(dòng)倡導(dǎo)者說：“現(xiàn)代化導(dǎo)致了男人的女性化”意思是“男性沒有發(fā)言權(quán)了”，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:4.判斷推理題。文章多次提到女權(quán)主義對(duì)男性女性化的影響。由此推斷最根本的問題在于女權(quán)主義。故選A。

第5題:5.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第二段：MichaelMessneroncegaveaspeechatagathering,inwhichheaddressedthedangersofcelebratingthewarrior,asinstancesofrapearehigherincountriesthatglorifywar（邁克爾梅斯納曾在一次集會(huì)上發(fā)表演講，他在會(huì)上談到了為戰(zhàn)士慶祝的危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樵谀切┬麚P(yáng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的國家，強(qiáng)奸的發(fā)生頻率更高）。由此可見強(qiáng)奸的發(fā)生歸因于為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)英雄慶祝。故選A。

8.單選題

Don’t______thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.release

B.relieve

C.relate

D.inform

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)release“釋放，發(fā)布”，B項(xiàng)relieve“解除，減輕”，C項(xiàng)relate“敘述，涉及”，D項(xiàng)inform“通知，告訴”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞news“新聞”和untilwegiveyouthego-ahead“直到我們同意”可知，與news搭配的詞應(yīng)該為“公布，發(fā)布”。句意：在我們同意之前，不要把這個(gè)計(jì)劃公之于眾。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thejoysoftravel,havinglong（）thedisabled,areopeninguptovirtuallyanyonewhohasthemeans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.omitted

B.missed

C.neglected

D.discarded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)omitted“遺漏，省略”；B選項(xiàng)missed“錯(cuò)過，投偏”；C選項(xiàng)neglected“忽視，疏忽”；D選項(xiàng)discarded“丟棄”。句意：長(zhǎng)期以來被忽視的殘疾人旅行的樂趣正在向任何有辦法的人開放。這里表示的是“之前殘疾人士的旅行樂趣被忽視了”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

NewYear’sdetoxproductsthatpurporttoridthebodyofharmfulchemicalsaccumulatedthroughseasonalover-indulgenceareawasteoftimeandmoney,leadingscientistssaidrecently.

Mostofthepills,juices,teasandoilsthataresoldfortheirdetoxifyingeffectsonthebodyhavenoscientificfoundationfortheirclaims,accordingtotoxicologistsanddieticians.

Theywillnotinfluencetherateatwhichthebodyridsitselfoftoxins,andanybeneficialeffectswouldbematchedatmuchlowercostbydrinkingplentyoftapwater,eatingfruitandvegetablesandgettingafewearlynights.

Theentiremarketfordetoxproducts,whichisworthtensofmillionsofpoundsayear,restsonmythsaboutthehumanbodythatarehittingconsumersinthewallet,theexperts’reporthasfound.

“Amongthesemythsistheideathatinsomewaythebodyaccumulatesnoxiouschemicalsduringeverydaylife,andthattheyneedtobeexpungedbysomemysteriousprocessofdetoxification,oftenonceayearafterChristmasexcess.Thedetoxfad--orfads,astherearemanymethods--isanexampleofthecapacityofpeopletobelievein(andpayfor)magicdespitethelackofanysoundevidence.”saidMartinWiseman,VisitingProfessorofHumanNutritionattheUniversityofSouthampton.

Thecriticismofthedetoxindustryhasemergedfromaninquiryintopublicperceptionsofchemicalsandtoxicitybyaworkingpartyof11scientists.Thefullreport,MakingSenseofChemicalStories,willbepublishedlaterthismonthbythecharitySenseAboutScience.

Itfoundthatpopularideasaboutdetoxarebasedonmisconceptionsabouthowthehumanbodyrespondstochemicalsinthediet.Theliverandkidneysarehighlyefficientorgansthathaveevolvedtobreakdownandremovetoxinsfromthebloodstream,andtheirfunctionisnothelpedbyproductssuchasGillianMcKeith’s￡19.99“24hourdetoxprogramme,”whichclaimsto“assistthenaturaldetoxificationprocessinyourbody.”

“Ourbodiesareverygoodateliminatingallthenastiesthatwemightdigestoverthefestiveseason,”saidJohnEmsley,oftheRoyalSocietyofChemistry.

SirColinBerry,ProfessorEmeritusofPathologyatQueenMary,UniversityofLondon,said:“Evenifyoudrinkanalmostlethaldoseofalcohol(whichIdon’trecommend)yourliverwillclearitin36hourswithoutassistancefromdetoxtablets.”

1.Itcanbeinferredthatpeopleusually（）.

2.Accordingtoscientists,whathelpsridthebodyoftoxinsincludes（）.

3.Theboldfacedword“expunged”(inPara.5)canbestbereplacedby（）.

4.Expertsconsideritamyththat（）.

5.Thecriticismofthedetoxindustrystarted（）.

6.JohnEmsleyandColinBerrysharetheideathat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeharmfulchemicals

B.consumedetoxproducts

C.haveabalanceddiet

D.wastemoneyonfood

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.goingtobedearly

B.drinkingherbaltea

C.takingcertainpills

D.doingmuchexercise

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tested

B.digested

C.eliminated

D.accumulated

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.detoxproductshavemarvelouseffects

B.noxiouschemicalsgatherinthebody

C.peoplegenerallyovereatatChristmas

D.people’scapacitytobelieveisunlimited

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ataconferenceheldattheUniversityofSouthhamton

B.fromareportentitled“MakingSenseofChemicalStories”

C.byacharityorganizationcalledSenseAboutScience

D.withastudyonpublicunderstandingofchemicals

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.toxinscanstayinthebodyaslongas36hours

B.drinkingexcessivealcoholleadstodeath

C.detoxtabletsfacilitatethenaturaldetoxification

D.thehumanbodyhasapowerfuldetoxsystem

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章第一段提到一些權(quán)威科學(xué)家表示，新年排毒產(chǎn)品聲稱可以清楚體內(nèi)因季節(jié)性過度放縱而積累起來的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)，但實(shí)際上是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢（awasteoftimeandmoney），由此可以推斷出人們經(jīng)常會(huì)購買這些排毒產(chǎn)品，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到多喝水、多吃水果以及早睡的排毒效果都可以與排毒產(chǎn)品相當(dāng)，并且成本更低（atmuchlowercostbydrinkingplentyoftapwater,eatingfruitandvegetablesandgettingafewearlynights），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.詞義題。文章第五段提到在這些謬論中，有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，人體在日常生活中以某種方式積累有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)(Amongthesemythsistheideathatinsomewaythebodyaccumulatesnoxiouschemicalsduringeverydaylife)，這些有害物質(zhì)需要通過一些神秘的排毒過程來被expunge，根據(jù)上下文可知排毒產(chǎn)品是用來清除有毒物質(zhì)，因此可以推斷出expunge這個(gè)詞的意思是”清除”，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第五段提到在這些謬論中，有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，人體在日常生活中以某種方式積累有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這些有害物質(zhì)需要通過某種神秘的解毒過程排出體外（Amongthesemythsistheideathatinsomewaythebodyaccumulatesnoxiouschemicalsduringeverydaylife,andthattheyneedtobeexpungedbysomemysteriousprocessofdetoxification,oftenonceayearafterChristmasexcess），通過上下文可知這個(gè)神秘的過程就是服用排毒產(chǎn)品，由此可推斷出很多人認(rèn)為排毒產(chǎn)品擁有神奇的效果，但是在專家看來這些都是無稽之談，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第六段提到了對(duì)排毒產(chǎn)品行業(yè)的批判，是開始于11位科學(xué)家對(duì)公眾對(duì)化學(xué)物質(zhì)和毒素的認(rèn)知調(diào)查（Thecriticismofthedetoxindustryhasemergedfromaninquiryintopublicperceptionsofchemicalsandtoxicitybyaworkingpartyof11scientists），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.判斷推理題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到JohnEmsley的觀點(diǎn)：我們的身體能夠消除節(jié)假日期間攝取到臟物（Ourbodiesareverygoodateliminatingallthenastiesthatwemightdigestoverthefestiveseason）；文章最后一段提到ColinBerry的觀點(diǎn)：即使你喝了幾乎致命劑量的酒，在沒有排毒產(chǎn)品的幫助下，你的肝臟會(huì)在36小時(shí)內(nèi)清除它（Evenifyoudrinkanalmostlethaldoseofalcohol(whichIdon’trecommend)yourliverwillclearitin36hourswithoutassistancefromdetoxtablets）。由此可知這兩位都認(rèn)為人體本身能夠排毒，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

An“obviousandstrikingfeatureofthelatetwentiethcenturyworld,”notesSallyPriceinherbookPrimitiveArtinCivilizedPlaces,istheaccessibilityofitsdiverseculturestothosewhoenjoymembershipinWesternsociety.”Westernerscantravelwithrelativeeasetoeventheremotestcomersofhumancivilizationorstayathomeandwatchexoticimagesofworlddiversityonthetelevisionandmoviescreen.Theworldmarketsystemassuresthosewhohavethefinancialresourcesthattheycanbuyjustaboutanythingfromanywhere.Heidegger,alsothinkingonthisphenomenon,says,“Yetthefranticabolitionofalldistancesbringsnonearness;fornearnessdoesnotconsistinshortnessofdistance.Whatisleastremotefromusinpointofdistance,byvirtueofitspictureonfilmoritssoundontheradio,canremainfarfromus.Whatisincalculablyfarfromusinpointofdistancecanbeneartous.”Westerntechnologyandthemarketeconomyareshrinkingtheworld,bringingtheWestclosertootherpeoples,andotherpreviouslyaccessibleregionsoftheearth.YetthisdramaticglobalchangehasnotopenedtheWesttodifference,eitherthenonhumandifferencesoftheearthortheculturaldifferencesofnonwesternpeoples.Onthecontrary,theexpansionoftheWestandtheresultant“smallworld”isstill,asincolonialdays,primarilyamovementofdomination.Itdependsontheexploitationofthelandandorganiclife,andtheexploitationofthelaborandlivesofthemajorityoftheearth’speoples.Becausetheoppressionsoftheearth,ofwomen,andofthosewhodonotbelongto“theabstractdominantnon-group”calledwhitesareintimatelyrelatedandreinforceoneanother,caringforwomenandfortheearthcannotbeseparatedfromcaringfordiversehumancommunities.

Westerneconomicdevelopment,VandanaShivaexplains,issupposedtobeamodelofprogressfortheso-calledThirdWorldthatwouldimproveproductivityandgrowth.However,westerndevelopment,ascapitalaccumulationandcommercializationoftheeconomyforthegenerationofsurplusandvariousandasnaturalresourceutilization,emergedinthecontextofcolonization,industrialization,andcapitalistgrowth.Thisnotionofeconomicdevelopmenthasbeenfalselyuniversalizedandapplied,withdisastrousresults,totheentirelydifferentcontexttoattemptingtosatisfybasicneedsofnewlyindependentworldpeoples.Westernso-calleddevelopmentinThirdWorldcountrieshasgeneratedprofitofvariousmultinationalcorporations,createdinternalcolonialism,underminedsustainablelifestyles,destroyedlocalecologiesandhas,asaresult,createdtruematerialproperty.

Fromawesternperspective,ifapeopledonotanticipateinthemarketeconomyanddonotconsumewestern-stylecommoditiesproducedforanddistributedthroughthemarket,theyareregardedaslivinginpoverty.Because,moreover,fromawesternperspective,productionanddevelopmenttakeplaceonlywhenmediatedbytechnologiesforcommodityproductionandprofit,suchpeoplesareconsideredunderdevelopedandunproductive.However,formostindigenouspeoples,forexample,maintaininganecologicallybalancedconnectiontotheirlandismuchmoreessentialtotheirbeingandculturethantheland’smonetaryvalueanditssocallednaturalresources.

1.What’sHeidegger’scommenton“nearness”inpassage1?

2.Theattitudeofwesternerstoculturaloruncultureddifferenceinotherpeoplesisthatof.

3.WhatisVandanaShiva’sviewaboutwesterneconomicdevelopment?

4.Theunderlinedword“indigenous”inthelastparagraphmeans（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisdistance-oriented.

B.Itisvisualoratleastauditory.

C.Itisaphenomenonofglobalization.

D.Itisnotageographicalconcept.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.rejection

B.open-mindedness

C.detest

D.appreciation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itshouldbeamodelofprogressforallthedevelopedcountries.

B.It.wouldbebalancingprofitandproductioninanecologicalway.

C.ItmaynotbeadaptabletotheThirdWorldcountries.

D.Itcouldbeadisasterforpeopleinthemarketeconomy.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.intelligent

B.local

C.diligent

D.bewildered

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段Heidegger的描述:瘋狂地消除一切距離并不能帶來接近;因?yàn)榻咏⒉坏扔诰嚯x近。就距離而言,最不遙遠(yuǎn)的東西,憑借它在膠片上的影像或在收音機(jī)里的聲音,可以離我們很遠(yuǎn);距離我們遠(yuǎn)得無法計(jì)算的東西,可能就在我們身邊。也就是說,接近它不是一個(gè)地理概念,無法用距離衡量。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段“YetthisdramaticglobalchangehasnotopenedtheWesttodifference,eitherthenonhumandifferencesoftheearthortheculturaldifferencesofnonwesternpeoples.”這一激動(dòng)人心的全球變化并沒有讓西方世界接受這一差異,無論是地球上的非人類差異,還是非西方民族的文化差異。也就是說,西方人的態(tài)度是拒絕的。選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Thisnotionofeconomicdevelopmenthasbeenfalselyuniversalizedandapplied,withdisastrousresults,totheentirelydifferentcontexttoattemptingtosatisfybasicneedsofnewlyindependentworldpeoples.”這種經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的概念被錯(cuò)誤地普及和運(yùn)用到完全不同的環(huán)境中,試圖滿足獨(dú)立世界人民的基本需要,以致于造成了災(zāi)難性的后果。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)上文連續(xù)提及兩次“fromawesternperspective”以及轉(zhuǎn)折詞“However”可知,前面均是西方人的看法,再根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可推測(cè)“indigenouspeoples”指的是當(dāng)?shù)氐娜?土著人。選項(xiàng)B正確。

12.單選題

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby"drugs”thataren'treallydrugsatall（

）sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.butrather

B.orratherthan

C.orrather

D.butratherthan

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。no...butrather...“不是……而是”固定搭配。句意：有時(shí)候能幫助緩解病人劇痛的不是真正意義上的藥物，而是不含任何化學(xué)成分的糖衣片。答案A

13.單選題

Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan（）tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resort

B.grant

C.afford

D.entitle

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他的論據(jù)未標(biāo)明，人類在這些資源的使用上能浪費(fèi)得起。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。resort常去，求助，訴諸，resortto依靠，求助于；;grant授予，允許，承認(rèn)，grantto同意給予，準(zhǔn)予；afford給予，提供，承擔(dān)得起;affordto（有條件）做，承擔(dān)得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起；entitle給……稱號(hào)，使……有權(quán)利。因此C符合句意。

14.單選題

Hetoldastoryabouthissisterwhowasinasad（）whenshewasillandhadnomoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.plight

B.polarization

C.plague

D.pigment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plight“困境，境況”；B選項(xiàng)polarization“極化，偏振”；C選項(xiàng)plague“瘟疫，鼠疫”；D選項(xiàng)pigment“色素，顏料”。句意：他講了一個(gè)關(guān)于他妹妹的故事，她生病了，沒有錢，（）非常悲慘。本句意為“妹妹的處境非常悲慘”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

Businessandgovernmentmanagersoftenpromote“cleandesk”politiestoavoiddisorganizedofficesandmessydesks，______boostingworkefficiencyandproductivity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forthepurposeof

B.forgoodof

C.forpurposeof

D.forthefunof

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。forthepurposeof“為了……目的”；B和C選項(xiàng)形式不正確；forthefunof“為了享受”。句意：企業(yè)和政府管理者經(jīng)常推行“整潔的辦公室”政策，以避免混亂的辦公室和凌亂的桌子，……提高工作效率和生產(chǎn)力。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

16.單選題

Ifyoucannotattendthemeeting,pleasefindsomeoneto____foryou.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.replace

B.substitute

C.displace

D.misplace

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.replace取代B.substitute代替

C.displace取代；替代D.misplace隨意擱置；亂放

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】substitutefor意為“代替；取代”。由句意“如果你不能參加會(huì)議，請(qǐng)找人……你。”可知該搭配符合句意，意為“如果你不能參加會(huì)議，請(qǐng)找人代替你?！币虼诉xA。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)replace“取代”，replacefor意為“將……取代成……”，不符合語境；

C選項(xiàng)displace“取代；替代”，不與for搭配；

D選項(xiàng)misplace“隨意擱置；亂放”不符合語境。

【句意】如果你不能參加會(huì)議，請(qǐng)找人代替你。

17.單選題

Thelittlegirlcouldnot（）hercuriositytoseewhatwasinthebox.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abstain

B.refrain

C.restrain

D.prevent

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abstain“棄權(quán)；避免”；B選項(xiàng)refrain“節(jié)制；避免；制止”；C選項(xiàng)restrain“抑制；約束；制止”；D選項(xiàng)prevent“預(yù)防；阻止”。句意：小女孩……不住她的好奇心，想看看盒子里有什么。與“好奇心”搭配時(shí)選用C選項(xiàng)“抑制”更合適。

18.單選題

Consequently,thisyoungwomanwouldhave（）curiositybecauseshewaswelldressedandthoughnolongeragirl,shewasnotwearingblack.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.risen

B.aroused

C.caused

D.woken

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)risen“上升；提高”，B選項(xiàng)aroused“喚起”，C選項(xiàng)caused“引起；使遭受”，D選項(xiàng)woken“醒來；喚醒”，“引發(fā)了某人的好奇心”是：ariseone’scuriosity，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意為：因此，這個(gè)年輕的女人一定會(huì)引起人們的好奇心，因?yàn)樗┲皿w，雖然不再是女孩，但也沒有穿黑衣服。

19.單選題

ThenewdesignsoftheChristmasstampsarealwayswaitedforwithkeen

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.irritation

B.prediction

C.reception

D.anticipation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。irritation“刺激，激怒”；prediction“預(yù)報(bào)，預(yù)言”；reception“接待，接收”；anticipation“預(yù)料，預(yù)期”。句意：人們總是熱切地期待著新設(shè)計(jì)的圣誕郵票。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.單選題

Despitehisdisappointingrecordthisyear,I（）feelheisthebestmaninourteam.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.therefore

C.nonetheless

D.otherwise

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)however表示“然而，可是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折，后面必須用逗號(hào)隔開；B選項(xiàng)therefore表示“所以，因此”；C選項(xiàng)nonetheless表示“盡管如此，但是”；D選項(xiàng)otherwise表示“否則”。由Despite“盡管”可知，空缺處應(yīng)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此只有C符合句意。A項(xiàng)however雖然也表示轉(zhuǎn)折，但后面必須用逗號(hào)隔開；【句意】雖然他今年的成績(jī)差強(qiáng)人意，但我仍然覺得他是我們隊(duì)最好的球員。

21.單選題

Wehadn’tenoughmoneytopayourbusfare,andin（）wehadtowalk.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.particular

B.consequence

C.possession

D.succession

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。particular特別的，特色；consequence結(jié)果，因此；possession擁有，所有；succession

接連，避承權(quán)。句意：我們沒有足夠的錢賣車票，所以只能步行。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

22.單選題

Thereisnothingsecretaboutwhatwe’redoing;it’sallperfectly（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outofsight

B.ontheair

C.onthehorizon

D.aboveboard

【答案】D

【解析】考察固定搭配?！皁utofsight”看不見；“ontheair”在播送；“onthehorizon”在地平線上，即將來臨的；“aboveboard”誠實(shí)的，光明正大的。句意：我們所做的事沒有任何秘密，完全都是光明正大的。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

23.單選題

Ifsomethingverysubstantialisnotdonenextmonth,hecannot（）hisoffice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obtain

B.secure

C.have

D.retain

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。obtain“獲得”；secure“保護(hù)”；have“擁有”；retain“保留”。句意：如果下個(gè)月沒有做一些實(shí)質(zhì)性的工作，他將保不住他的職位。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

24.單選題

Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto（）theproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relate

B.tackle

C.file

D.attach

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)relate“關(guān)聯(lián)”；B選項(xiàng)tackle“處理”；C選項(xiàng)file“提出”；D選項(xiàng)attach“附加”。句意：盡管許多專家一致認(rèn)為有更多的兒童超重，但是對(duì)于解決這個(gè)問題的最佳方法還存在爭(zhēng)議。本句表示解決兒童超重問題的方法，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

Nooneknowswhowasthefirsttoinventthediceasweknowthem.Whatisremarkableisthattheyhaveremainedvirtuallyintactacrossnationalboundariesandallthroughtheage——smallcubesmarkedbydotsfrom1to6,soplacedthatthesumofthedotsonoppositesidesequals7.DicemuchlikethoseusedtodaywerefoundinChinainunearthedculturalrelicsdatingfrom600BCandinancientEgyptiantombsdatingfrom2000BC,aswellasintheruinsofBabylon.TheplayingofdicewaspopularinGreeceandevenmoresoinRome,anddicewereusedthroughouttheMiddleAges.Inthesimplestplaywithdiceeachplayerthrows,orshoots,forthehighestsum.InChinaandintheUnitedStatesthemostpopulardicegameisplayedwithtwodice.

Thenumberofrandomnumbersthatcanbeexpressedbytwodiceisverylimited;thenumberare:2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10.11and12,allelevenofthem.Themostprobablethrowis7.Theprobabilityof7issixtimesthatof12.Thereforeitwouldbeidealifanewkindofdicecouldbeinventedwithanequaldistributionofchancesforeachnumber.Well,suchdicehavealreadybeeninventedbyaBritishamateurastronomerbythenameAires.Thenewversion.

whichtheinventorcalls“heartbreakdice”，alsoconsistsoftwodice.Butthenumberofrandomnumbersthatcanbeexpressedbythenewdiceismorethanthreetimesthatofthetraditionalones,andthechancesforeachnumberarestrictlyequal.

1.Accordingtopassageone,theChinesehadplayeddice（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiceinChinaistrue?

3.Inregardtothenewkindofdice,wecantellthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morethan2500yearsbefore.

B.3400yearsearlierthanEgyptianshaddoneso

C.intheMiddleAges

D.justalittleearlierthanChristwasborn

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.DiceinancientChinawerequitedifferentfromdicetoday

B.DiceinChinaareverydifferentfromtheonesusedinothercountries

C.InChina,peopleneverplaydicegameswithonlyonedice

D.TheaimofplayingdicegamesinChinaisthesameastheonesinothercountries——to