考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海電影藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海電影藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Hewasfilledwithapprehensionaboutthefuture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fear

B.hesitation

C.excitement

D.eagerness

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，apprehension意為恐懼。fear害怕，恐懼；hesitation猶豫；excitement刺激，興奮；eagerness渴望，熱心。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。

2.單選題

LikemostotherAmericancompanieswitharigid（）,workersandmanagershavestrictlydefinedduties.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vitality

B.jurisdiction

C.hierarchy

D.bureaucracy

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。vitality生機(jī)，活力；jurisdiction司法權(quán)，管轄權(quán)；hierarchy層次，層級(jí)，等級(jí)制度；bureaucracy官僚主義。句意：和大多數(shù)等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的美國(guó)公司一樣，工人和經(jīng)理們也有嚴(yán)格定義的職責(zé)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.翻譯題

很多情況下人們談話時(shí)，總是爭(zhēng)著表現(xiàn)自己，這類交談對(duì)雙方鮮有裨益。當(dāng)人們談話時(shí)，不要花時(shí)間思考你接著要說(shuō)什么，而要設(shè)法搞懂他們說(shuō)的是什么，什么樣的經(jīng)歷才使他們說(shuō)了那些話，你從那些話中能學(xué)到什么，你對(duì)說(shuō)那些話的人又能了解到什么等等。長(zhǎng)輩們成長(zhǎng)的世界和你成長(zhǎng)的世界迥然不同，那個(gè)世界也許你不大了解。他們和來(lái)自我國(guó)其他地區(qū)及其他國(guó)家的人們都有重要的觀察事物的方法，它們可以豐富你的生活。

【答案】Inmanycases,peopleinaconversationoftenstrivetorevealoneself,suchconversationwillhavefewbenefitstoeachother.Duringaconversation,don’tspendthetimethinkingaboutwhatyou’regoingtosaynext,insteadtrytounderstandwhatthey’resaying,whatexperienceisbehindtheirremarks,whatyoucanlearnfromthem,etc.Olderpeoplegrowupinaworldwhichisverydifferentfromyours,youmaynotknowverywellaboutthatworld.Boththemandpeoplefromotherpartsofourcountryaswellasfromothernations,haveimportantwaysoflookingatthingswhichcanenrichyourlife.

4.單選題

Thereissomediscrepancybetweenhisexplanationofthetheoryandyours.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distinction

B.discredit

C.disparity

D.disjunction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinction“區(qū)別”；B選項(xiàng)discredit“懷疑”；C選項(xiàng)disparity“不一致”；D選項(xiàng)disjunction“分離”。句意：他對(duì)這個(gè)理論的解釋和你的不一致。劃線部分discrepancy是不一致的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Iamfeelingtootiredtodriveanymore,willyou____?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnover

B.takeover

C.handover

D.goover

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)B.takeover接替

C.handover（把某事）交給……負(fù)責(zé)D.goover仔細(xì)檢查

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】句意：我累得不能再開(kāi)車(chē)了，你可以……嗎？根據(jù)句意，可知他已經(jīng)很累了，不想繼續(xù)開(kāi)車(chē)，希望另一個(gè)人接替他開(kāi)車(chē)。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

C選項(xiàng)handover“（把某事）交給……負(fù)責(zé)”指如果把某物移交給某人，就是把處理特定情況或問(wèn)題的責(zé)任交給他們。該選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境；

A、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】我覺(jué)得太累了，不能再開(kāi)車(chē)了，你能代替我嗎？

6.單選題

Hisstomachbeganto（）becauseofthebadfoodhehadeaten.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pain

B.harm

C.behurt

D.ache

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)pain“疼痛，痛苦”；B選項(xiàng)harm“傷害，損害”；C選項(xiàng)behurt“受傷”；D選項(xiàng)ache“（身體某個(gè)部位）疼痛”。句意：因?yàn)槌粤俗冑|(zhì)的食物，他的胃開(kāi)始疼了。表示身體某個(gè)部分疼痛用ache，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

7.單選題

Whenyouareinexcellenthealth,deathis（

）unimaginable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nothingbut

B.afterall

C.aboveall

D.allbut

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)搭配。nothingbut“只不過(guò)，只有”；afterall“畢竟”；aboveall“總之”；allbut“幾乎”。句意：當(dāng)你身體健康的時(shí)候，死亡幾乎是不可想象的。

8.單選題

Thenewcurriculumintendstostrengthenchildren’spracticeofbasicsocial___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.manners

B.politeness

C.rules

D.regulations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)manners“方式；習(xí)慣；種類；規(guī)矩；風(fēng)俗”；B選項(xiàng)politeness“有禮貌；優(yōu)雅”；C選項(xiàng)rules“規(guī)則（在特定情況下或玩游戲時(shí)可以做什么、必須做什么或不能做什么的陳述）；建議；統(tǒng)治；習(xí)慣；定律；法治；尺子；破折號(hào)”；D選項(xiàng)regulations“管理；規(guī)則（政府或其它權(quán)威制定的官方規(guī)定）；校準(zhǔn)”。句意：新課程旨在加強(qiáng)兒童的基本社交___實(shí)踐。本句表達(dá)“基本社交禮儀”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.寫(xiě)作題

MeaningandCharacteristicsoftheItalianRenaissanceThewordRenaissancemeans"rebirth."AnumberofpeoplewholivedinItalybetween1350and1550believedthattheyhadwitnessedarebirthofantiquityorGreco-Romancivilization,markinganewage.Tothem,thethousandorsoyearsbetweentheendoftheRomanEmpireandtheirownerawasamiddleperiod(hencethe"MiddleAges"),characterizedbydarknessbecauseofitslackofclassicalculture.HistoriansofthenineteenthcenturylaterusedsimilarterminologytodescribethisperiodinItaly.TheSwisshistorianandartcriticJacobBurckhardtcreatedthemodernconceptoftheRenaissanceinhiscelebratedCivilizationoftheRenaissancein-publishedin1860.HeportrayedItalyinthefourteenthandfifteenthcenturiesasthebirthplaceofthemodernworld(theItalianswere"thefirstbornamongthesonsofmodernEurope")andsawtherevivalofantiquity,theperfectingoftheindividual,"andsecularismasitsdistinguishingfeatures.BurckhardtexaggeratedtheindividualityandsecularismoftheRenaissanceandfailedtorecognizethedepthsofitsreligioussentiment;nevertheless,heestablishedtheframeworkforallmoderninterpretationsoftheRenaissance.AlthoughcontemporaryscholarsdonotbelievethattheRenaissancerepresentsasuddenordramaticculturalbreakwiththeMiddleAges,asBurckhardtargued—therewas.afterall,muchcontinuityineconomic,political,andsociallifebetweenthetwoperiods—theRenaissancecanstillbeviewedasadistinctperiodofEuropeanhistorythatmanifesteditselffirstinItalyandthenspreadtotherestofEurope.

RenaissanceItalywaslargelyanurbansociety.Asaresultofitscommercialpreeminenceandpoliticalevolution,northernItalybythemid-fourteenthcenturywasmostlyalandofindependentcitiesthatdominatedthecountrydistrictsaroundthem.Thesecity-statesbecamethecentersofItalianpolitical,economic,andsociallife.Withinthisnewurbansociety,asecularspiritemergedasincreasingwealthcreatednewpossibilitiesfortheenjoymentofworldlythings.

Aboveall,theRenaissance,asanageofrecoveryfromthe"calamitousfourteenthcentury."ItalyandEuropebeganaslowprocessofrecuperationfromtheeffectsoftheBlackDeath,politicaldisorder,andeconomicrecession.Thisrecoverywasaccompaniedbyarebirthofthecultureofclassicalantiquity.Increasinglyawareoftheirownhistoricalpast,ItalianintellectualsbecameintenselyinterestedintheGreco-RomancultureoftheancientMediterraneanworld.Thisnewrevivalofclassicalantiquity(theMiddleAgeshadinfactpreservedmuchofancientLatinculture)affectedactivitiesasdiverseaspoliticsandartandledtonewattemptstoreconcilethepaganphilosophyoftheGreco-RomanworldwithChristianthought,aswellasnewwaysofviewinghumanbeings.

ArevivedemphasisonindividualabilitybecamecharacteristicoftheItalianRenaissance.Asthefifteenth-centuryFlorentinearchitectLeonBattistaAlbertiexpressedit:"Mancandoallthingsiftheywill."Ahighregardforhumandignityandworthandarealizationofindividualpotentialitycreatedanewsocialidealofthewell-roundedpersonalityoruniversalpersonwhowascapableofachievementsinmanyareasoflife.

ThesegeneralfeaturesoftheItalianRenaissancewerenotcharacteristicofallItaliansbutwereprimarilythepreserveofthewealthyupperclasses,whoconstitutedasmallpercentageofthetotalpopulation.TheachievementsoftheItalianRenaissanceweretheproductofanelite,ratherthanamass,movement.Nevertheless,indirectlyitdidhavesomeimpactonordinarypeople,especiallyinthecities,wheresomanyoftheintellectualandartisticaccomplishmentsoftheperiodweremostvisible.

【答案】TheRenaissancecanbeviewedasadistinctperiodofEuropeanhistory.TherearemanymeaningsandcharacteristicsoftheItalianRenaissance.

TheRenaissanceinItalymarkedthearrivalofanewera.Andcharacterizedbydarknessbecauseofitslackofclassicalculture.TheSwisshistorianandartcriticJacobBurckhardtcreatedthemodernconceptoftheRenaissance.Hesawtherevivalofantiquity,theperfectingoftheindividual,andsecularismasitsdistinguishingfeatures.

TheRenaissance,asanageofrecoveryfromthe"calamitousfourteenthcentury."Thisrecoverywasaccompaniedbyarebirthofthecultureofclassicalantiquity.ArevivedemphasisonindividualabilitybecamecharacteristicoftheItalianRenaissance.Ahighregardforhumandignityandworthandarealizationofindividualpotentialitycreatedanewsocialidealofthewell-roundedpersonalityoruniversalperson.

TheachievementsoftheItalianRenaissanceweretheproductofanelite,ratherthanamass,movement.Nevertheless,indirectlyitdidhavesomeimpactonordinarypeople.

10.單選題

Onecommon-sensereason（）childrenlearntospeakisthattheyimitatethosearoundthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.what

C.that

D.ofwhich

【答案】D

【解析】reason做先行詞,后面一般接why引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句,選項(xiàng)中的ofwhich=why,表示孩子們學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)話的原因。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

11.問(wèn)答題

Heiswarm-hearted,butthisdoesn’tmeanthatheisbright.(follow)

【答案】Heiswarm-hearted,whichisnotusuallyfollowedbybrightness.

12.單選題

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat（）wehadtostopforrefreshments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlarge

B.atease

C.atrandom

D.atintervals

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。atlarge“詳盡的；整個(gè)的”；atease“安逸”；atrandom“任意的”；atintervals“不時(shí)”，根據(jù)句子意思可知此處應(yīng)該選一個(gè)詞組來(lái)形容我們停下來(lái)提神的頻率，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有atintervals符合，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。句意：這場(chǎng)討論無(wú)比冗長(zhǎng)又使人疲累，以至于我們必須……的停下來(lái)提神。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepanofEasternEurope_______Europeintoagreatwar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pitched

B.imposed

C.inserted

D.plunged

【答案】D

【解析】pitched傾斜;投擲;imposed強(qiáng)加的;inserted插入;plunged投入,陷入。句意：1914年,東歐一個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)發(fā)生的一件顯然無(wú)關(guān)緊要的事件使歐洲陷入了一場(chǎng)大戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

14.單選題

Anefficientreaderhaslearnedfromexperiencethatamissedwordorideacanoftenbe（）fromwhatfollows.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.signified

B.denoted

C.designated

D.deduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析A:signified“表示……的意思；意味；預(yù)示”；B:denoted“指代；預(yù)示；代表”；C:designated“指派；指定”；D:deduced“推論；推斷”。句意：有效率的讀者從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)到：漏掉的單詞或觀點(diǎn)通常能從下面的內(nèi)容中獲得。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，D為正確答案。

15.單選題

Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tradition

B.transportation

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析題。tradition“慣例，傳統(tǒng)”；transportation“運(yùn)輸”；transmission“傳遞，傳送”；transformation“轉(zhuǎn)換，改革”。

句意：20世紀(jì)見(jiàn)證了全世界巨大的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的變革。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

16.單選題

Hundredsoflocalresidentssigneda（）againstclosingtheswimming-pool.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.petition

B.perceive

C.partition

D.participation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：數(shù)百名當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈炇鹆艘环莘磳?duì)關(guān)閉游泳池的請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū)。因此選A。

17.單選題

Ahealthylifeisfrequentlythoughttobe（）withtheopencountrysideandhomegrownfood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tied

B.bound

C.involved

D.associated

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)tied“系”；B選項(xiàng)bound“彈回；限制”；C選項(xiàng)involved“涉及；包括”；D選項(xiàng)associated“聯(lián)系”。句意：健康的生活往往被認(rèn)為與空曠的野外和自家的食物有……。Ahealthylife“健康的生活”與theopencountrysideandhomegrownfood“空曠的野外和自家的食物”是有關(guān)聯(lián)的。A，B，C選項(xiàng)均不與with搭配使用，可排除。betiedto“束縛于；捆綁于”；beboundto“必定會(huì)”；beinvolvedin“涉及；陷入”；beassociatedwith“與……有關(guān)聯(lián)”；因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

NorthKoreahas（）tieswithSouthKorea,excepttheKaesongZone,ajointventurebetweenthetwoKoreas,readyingitselfforastateofthewar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.savored

B.severed

C.segmented

D.segregated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)savored“盡情享受；欣賞”；B選項(xiàng)severed“斷絕；分離”；C選項(xiàng)segmented“分割；分裂”；D選項(xiàng)segregated“使隔離；使分離”。句意：除了開(kāi)城工業(yè)區(qū)這個(gè)兩國(guó)的合資企業(yè)，北朝鮮已經(jīng)……與南韓的聯(lián)系，準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)。B，C，D選項(xiàng)都有分離的意思，由后面的名詞ties“紐帶；聯(lián)系”，可知句中是指斷開(kāi)兩國(guó)之間的聯(lián)系。severed就有斷絕關(guān)系或者斷開(kāi)聯(lián)系的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Thenews,thoughnotwhollybad,wasso______thatIcouldnolongerconcentrateonmywork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disturbing

B.disastrous

C.anxious

D.regretful

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.disturbing令人不安的，煩擾的B.disastrous災(zāi)難性的，損失慘重的

C.anxious焦慮的，擔(dān)憂的D.regretful后悔的，遺憾的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的意思“無(wú)法再專心工作”可知，這個(gè)news是令人煩擾的，故A項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句子意思。

【句意】這消息雖然不全是壞消息，但卻使我心煩意亂，無(wú)法再專心工作。

20.單選題

Hewas（）fromthecompetitionbecausehehadnotcompliedwiththerules.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forbidden

B.barred

C.disqualified

D.excused

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:forbid“禁止，指禁止某人進(jìn)入某地、或禁止某人用某物或做某事”；B:bar“禁止，指用障礙物阻止或禁止”；C:disqualify“取消……的資格”；D:excuse“原諒”。句意：他被禁止參加比賽，因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有遵守比賽規(guī)則。結(jié)合句意，故C為正確答案。

21.填空題

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetoaddaword,crossoutaword,orchangeaword.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10%)

e.g.,1.Themeetingbegun2hoursago.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:begun—began

e.g.,2.Scarcelytheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainswentup.CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:(Scarcely)had(they)

e.g.,3.Neverwill1notdoitagain.

CorrectionintheANSWERSHEET:not×

StephenWilliamHawking,oneofthegreatesttheoreticalphysicistsintheworld,suffersfromarareslow-progressingformofamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS),alsoknownasmotorneurondisease.21.AsALShasmadeStephenWilliamHawkingavirtualprisonerinhisownbody,22.ithaslefthiscourageandhumorintact,hisintellectfreelytoroam.23.Androamitdoes,fromtheinfinitesimaltotheinfinite,fromthesubatomicrealmtothefarreachesofauniverse.Inthecourseofthesementalexpeditions,24.HawkinghasconceivedstartlingnewtheoriesaboutblackholesandthedisorderlyeventsthatimmediatelyfollowedtheBigBanginwhichtheuniversesprang.

25.WithouthiswifeJane,Hawkinghasalwaysemphasized,hiscareermighteverhavesoared.26.ShemarriedhimshortlyafterhediagnosedwithALS,fullyawareofthedreadful,progressivenatureofthedisease,givinghimhopeandthewilltocarryonwithhisstudies.

Theyhadthreechildrenintheearlystagesoftheirmarriage,andlater,27.ashebecameincreasinglydisabled,shedevotedherselftocareforhiseveryneed.28.Afteryearsofapparentlyharmoniousmarriage,therefore,seriousdisagreementsbeganappearing.AsawardspouredinforStephen,Jane—competentandintelligentherself—begantoresentlivinginhisshadow.Deeplyreligious,shewasalsooffendedbyhisdisbeliefoftheexistenceoftheGod.29.Particularlyannoyedtoherwashisconceptthattheuniversemightbecompletelyself-contained,havingnoboundaryoredge,nobeginningorend.Ifthatweretrue,heaskedchallengingly,“Whatplace,then,foracreator?”30.Still,friendswereshockedin1990whenHawkingabruptlyendedtheir25-yearmarriage,movinginwithoneofhisnurse.

【答案】21.As—While/Although

22.freely—free

23.a—the

24.in—from

25.ever—never

26.(he)was(diagnosed)

27.care—caring

28.therefore—however

29.annoyed—annoying

30.nurse—nurses

【解析】21.

as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)主句需要部分倒裝，而句子是陳述語(yǔ)氣所以需要把a(bǔ)s換成although或者while。

22.

intellect是名詞，但是freely是副詞，副詞一般修飾動(dòng)詞不修飾名詞，所以應(yīng)該把freely改為其形容詞形式。

23.

universe是專屬名詞，表示的是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物，所以不能用不定冠詞修飾，所以應(yīng)該把不定冠詞改為定冠詞。

24.

定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞前的介詞主要是根據(jù)后面的動(dòng)詞或者形容詞的搭配來(lái)確定的，從句中的動(dòng)詞只有sprang（spring的過(guò)去分詞），這里從句句意是“宇宙起源于（大爆炸）”，由此這里的介詞應(yīng)該是from，和spring組成固定搭配springfrom“起源于”。

25.

這里根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是“霍金總是強(qiáng)調(diào)，沒(méi)有他的氣質(zhì)，他的事業(yè)不會(huì)起飛”，所以這里的ever應(yīng)該改為否定詞never。

26.

這里霍金應(yīng)該是被診斷出患上漸凍癥，所以應(yīng)該加上助動(dòng)詞。

27.

這里根據(jù)固定搭配devoteoneselftodoing/n.所以應(yīng)該把care改為caring。

28.

在多年表面和諧的婚姻之后，兩人之間劇烈的分歧開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了。兩個(gè)分句之間不存在因果或者順承關(guān)系，應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該把therefore改為however。

29.

annoyed“感到生氣的”，一般用來(lái)形容人Sheishurtandannoyedthattheauthoritieshavebannedherfromworkingwithchildren.“她因當(dāng)局禁止她做兒童工作而傷心惱怒”，因?yàn)檎蛔屗龔氖聝和ぷ?，所以她感到惱怒，這時(shí)annoyed是用來(lái)形容人，生氣的人。

annoying“令人生氣的”，一般用來(lái)形容物，Hermostannoyinghabitwaseatingwithhermouthopen“她最讓人討厭的習(xí)慣就是張著嘴吃東西”，她張嘴吃飯這個(gè)習(xí)慣令人很討厭，這里annoying是形容習(xí)慣，讓人生氣的習(xí)慣。

根據(jù)句意來(lái)說(shuō)是他對(duì)宇宙的猜想讓她感到生氣，這里形容詞應(yīng)該是形容概念，所以應(yīng)該把a(bǔ)nnoyed改為annoying。

30.

oneof后面需要加名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以nurse后面應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句意也可以理解雖然霍金只能跟一個(gè)人結(jié)婚，但是他的護(hù)士絕對(duì)不止一個(gè)。

22.單選題

Youcannotbe（

）carefulwhenyoudriveacar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.very

B.so

C.too

D.enough

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。cannottoo…“再...也不為過(guò)”。句意：開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)你再怎么小心也不為過(guò)。答案C

23.單選題

Thetestofanydemocraticsocietyliesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossible（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.altitude

B.latitude

C.longitude

D.multitude

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)altitude“高地；高度；海拔”；B選項(xiàng)latitude“緯度；行動(dòng)自由”；C選項(xiàng)longitude“經(jīng)度；經(jīng)線”；D選項(xiàng)multitude“群眾；多數(shù)”。句意：對(duì)任何一個(gè)民主社會(huì)的考驗(yàn)不在于它能夠多有效地控制各種意見(jiàn)的表達(dá)，而在于這個(gè)社會(huì)是否給予思考和表達(dá)的盡可能廣泛的自由。由題干中“freedomofthoughtandexpression思想和表達(dá)自由”的提示可知“行動(dòng)自由”符合語(yǔ)境，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Contagiousyawningisthoughttobeanevolvedmechanismforkeepinggroupsalertsotheyremainvigilantagainstdanger.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.watchful

B.incontinent

C.stifled

D.vigorous

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.watchful注意的；警惕的B.incontinent（大小便）失禁的

C.stifled壓制D.vigorous充滿活力的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，for和so都是表示原因，那么推知forkeepinggroupsalert與sotheyremainvigilantagainstdanger是相近的意思，alert在這表示“警覺(jué)，警惕”，同樣vigilant也表示“警惕”，所以A項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)詞義不符合句中所選詞匯。

【句意】傳染性打哈欠被認(rèn)為是一種進(jìn)化的機(jī)制，以保持群體的警惕，從而保持對(duì)危險(xiǎn)的警惕。

25.單選題

Eveninthe1700s,duringtheearlyUSsettlements,（

）religiousgroupswhoopposedslavery,andlaterformedthebackboneoftheAbolitionistMovement.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.therehave

B.thereare

C.therewere

D.havetherebeen

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法（倒裝）題目?？崭袂耙痪洹癊veninthe1700s,duringtheearlyUSsettlements”是整個(gè)句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，主句部分需要使用部分倒裝，D選項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

Abalanceofinternationalpaymentreferstothenetresultofthebusinesswhichanation（

）withothernationsinagivenperiod.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transact

B.tempts

C.thrives

D.transforms

【答案】A

【解析】句意:國(guó)際收支平衡是指在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)一個(gè)國(guó)家與其他國(guó)家貿(mào)易的凈收益。

固定搭配。transactbusinesswith與…交易。

27.單選題

Earlyresearchonattitudesassumedthattheywerecasuallyrelatedtobehavior;thatis,theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.Commonsense,too,suggestsarelationship.Isn’titlogicalthatpeoplewatchtelevisionprogramstheylike,orthatemployeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistasteful?

However,inthelate1960s,thisassumedeffectofattitudesonbehaviorwaschallengedbyareviewoftheresearch.Oneresearcher—LeonFestinger—arguedthatattitudesfollowbehavior.Didyouevernoticehowpeoplechangewhattheysay.soitdoesn’tcontradictwhattheydo?PerhapsafriendofyourshasconsistentlyarguedthatthequalityofUScarsisn’tuptothatofimportsandthathe’dneverownanythingbutaJapaneseorGermancar.Buthisdadgiveshimalate-modelFordMustang,andsuddenlyUScarsaren'tsobad.Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.Festingerarguedthatanyformofinconsistencyisuncomfortableandthatindividualswillattempttoreducethedissonanceand,hence,thediscomfort.Theywillseekastablestate,inwhichthereisaminimumofdissonance.

Researchhasgenerallyconcludedthatpeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehavior.Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.Tobaccoexecutivesprovideanexample.Howyoumightwonderdothesepeoplecopewiththeongoingbarrageofdatalinkingcigarettesmokingandnegativehealthoutcomes?Theycandenythatanyclearcausationbetweensmokingandcancer,forinstance,hasbeenestablished.Theycanbrainwashthemselvesbycontinuallyarticulatingthebenefitsoftobacco.Theycanacknowledgethenegativeconsequencesofsmoking,butrationalizethatpeoplearegoingtosmokeandthattobaccocompaniesmerelypromotefreedomofchoice.Theycanaccepttheresearchevidenceandbeginactivelyworkingtomakelessdangerouscigarettesoratleastreducetheiravailabilitytomorevulnerablegroups,suchasteenagers.Ortheycanquittheirjobbecausethedissonanceistoogreat.

Noindividual,ofcourse,cancompletelyavoiddissonance.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong,butyou“fudge”thenumbersabiteveryyearandhopeyou’renotaudited.Oryoutellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.Sohowdopeoplecope?Festingerwouldproposethatthedesiretoreducedissonancedependsontheimportanceoftheelementscreatingitandthedegreeofinfluencetheindividualbelieveshehasovertheelements;individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.Athirdfactoristherewardsofdissonance;highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonancebecausetheyallowustoeasilyrationalizeit.

1.ThepurposeofmentioningtheTVprogramspeoplewatchinthefirstparagraphistoshow（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingcasescanillustrate“dissonance”？

3.PeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehaviorbydoingmanythingsEXCEPTby（）.

4.Theauthorwantstotellus（）bygivingtheexampleoftobaccoexecutives.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatpeopleholddifferentattitudestowarddifferentTVprograms

B.thatpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehaviors

C.thatpeople’sbehaviorsdeterminetheirattitudes

D.thatthereexistsareversiblerelationshipbetweenpeople’sattitudesandtheirbehaviors

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Employeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistastefi.il.

B.AyoungmanlikeJapanesecars,buthisfatherbuyshimaUScar.

C.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong.

D.Youtellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.alteringtheirattitudes

B.alteringtheirbehavior

C.developingtherationaldiscrepancy

D.rationalizingthediscrepancy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.whysomanypeoplequittheirjobs

B.howpeoplereducethedissonance

C.howpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehavior

D.whypeople’sattitudesareinconsistentwiththeirbehavior

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Highrewardsdecreasepeople’sdesiretoreducethedissonance.

B.Highrewardspromptpeopletoreducethedissonance.

C.Ifpeoplebelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol,thedissonancecanbeavoided.

D.Peoplearelikelytogethigherrewards,iftheycanrationalizetheirbehavior

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.”，可知作者的提出的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是人們的態(tài)度決定了他們的行為。所以可推斷接下來(lái)的例子都是用來(lái)進(jìn)一步證明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.”，可知認(rèn)知失調(diào)是指?jìng)€(gè)體在兩種或兩種以上的態(tài)度之間或行為與態(tài)度之間所感知到的任何不一致。可推斷dissonance涉及到不一致的問(wèn)題。所以告訴孩子用牙線但自己卻不用，就體現(xiàn)了這種認(rèn)知的不一致。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句，“Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.”，可知他們會(huì)通過(guò)改變態(tài)度，或者改變行為，或者為這種差異找合理的解釋來(lái)解決不一致的問(wèn)題。所以C項(xiàng)“發(fā)展合理化的不一致”文章沒(méi)有提及。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推斷題。文章第三段首先提到了人們解決不一致性問(wèn)題的方法，下文舉出了煙草公司高管的例子，可推斷作者用實(shí)例來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明人們減少不一致性的具體方法。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonance”，可知高回報(bào)伴隨著高失調(diào)，減少不一致的內(nèi)在張力。所以高回報(bào)是可以降低人們減少不一致的欲望。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。同時(shí)可排除B選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.”，可知當(dāng)態(tài)度或行為很重要，或者當(dāng)他們認(rèn)為這種不一致是由他們能夠控制的事情造成時(shí)，個(gè)人會(huì)更有動(dòng)力去減少這種不協(xié)調(diào)?？膳懦鼵選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)提到如果人們能使自己的行為合理化，他們就有可能獲得更高的回報(bào)，在文中并未提及。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

28.單選題

Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandmorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants（被告）.Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswerethoughtashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatoftheattractiveovernightsuccesses.

Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisthoughttobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthemasculinequalitiesrequired.

Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.

Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.

1.Theword"liability"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness（）.

3.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness（）.

4.Thepassageimpliesthatpeople'sviewsonbeautyareoften（）.

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.misfortune

B.instability

C.disadvantage

D.burden

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequired

B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable

C.isofprimaryimportancetowomen

D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomen

B.affectsmenandwomenalike

C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen

D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.practical

B.prejudiced

C.old-fashioned

D.radical

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.todiscussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive

B.togiveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive

C.todemandequalrightsforwomen

D.toemphasizetheimportanceofappearance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.語(yǔ)義推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句“Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.但在高管圈子里，美貌可能成為一種?！眀ut在這里表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前面的內(nèi)容都是在講美貌所帶來(lái)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此可以推斷，liability指的是不利條件。A選項(xiàng)misfortune“不幸，災(zāi)禍”；B選項(xiàng)instability“不穩(wěn)定”；C選項(xiàng)disadvantage“不利條件”；D選項(xiàng)burden“負(fù)擔(dān)，責(zé)任”。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近，所以正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe‘masculine’qualitiesrequired.因此，一個(gè)有吸引力的女性在傳統(tǒng)的女性工作中具有優(yōu)勢(shì)，但一個(gè)有吸引力的女性在傳統(tǒng)的男性工作上似乎缺乏所需的“男性”特征?！庇纱丝梢酝茢啵瑐鹘y(tǒng)的女性工作需要女性具有吸引力，因?yàn)槲υ鰪?qiáng)了女性所需要的特質(zhì)，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容“結(jié)果顯示,有吸引力的男性完全擊敗了沒(méi)有吸引力的男性，但最具有吸引力的女性總是得到最少的選票。”由此可知，當(dāng)涉及政治時(shí)，吸引力對(duì)女性來(lái)說(shuō)并不是一件好事，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)practical“實(shí)際的”；B選項(xiàng)prejudiced“懷有偏見(jiàn)的”；C選項(xiàng)old-fashioned“過(guò)時(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)radical“激進(jìn)的”。文章內(nèi)容首先介紹了人們對(duì)美的傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)知，然后介紹了人們認(rèn)為具有吸引力的女性高管的成功大多來(lái)自運(yùn)氣，而不是能力；當(dāng)涉及政治時(shí)，具有吸引力的女性得票最低。因此可知人們對(duì)于美的看法通常是帶有偏見(jiàn)的，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.作者意圖題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章第一段最后句就講到了美貌可能會(huì)成為一個(gè)不利因素，接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容也主要是圍繞這一話題展開(kāi)，所以作者寫(xiě)本文的目的主要是討論吸引力帶來(lái)的負(fù)面