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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東營職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thenumber30onaroadsign(

)thatthespeedlimitis30milesanhour.

問題1選項

A.forecasts

B.signifies

C.illuminates

D.characterize

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。forecast預(yù)測,預(yù)示;signify;表示,意味著;illuminate闡明;.characterize具有...的特征。句意:路牌上的數(shù)字30表示限速30英里每小時。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Thisnewroundoflayoffoccurringinmajorindustrialcitieswillonlyreduceprofitsand(

)aneconomiccrisis.

問題1選項

A.rectify

B.precipitate

C.offend

D.alternate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項rectify“改正,校正”;B選項precipitate“使……突然降臨;加速(壞事的發(fā)生),使突然陷入(某種狀態(tài))”;C選項offend“得罪,冒犯,犯罪”;D選項alternate“交替,輪流”。由reduceprofitsand_____aneconomiccrisis(減少利潤和_____經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī))可知B選項符合語境。句意:主要工業(yè)城市新一輪的停產(chǎn)只會降低利潤并陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。

3.單選題

Duringthe19thcenturyfurtheradvancesweremade,notablyBessemer’sprocessfor()ironintosteel,whichmadethematerialmorecommerciallyviable.

問題1選項

A.altering

B.varying

C.converting

D.transforming

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項altering“變更”;B選項varying“相異,(根據(jù)情況)變化”;C選項converting“使改變,皈依”;D選項transforming“轉(zhuǎn)化,發(fā)生巨變,發(fā)生巨大變化”。句意:在19世紀(jì)取得了進(jìn)一步的進(jìn)展,特別是將鐵_____為鋼的貝西麥工藝,使這種材料更具有商業(yè)可行性。這里表達(dá)的意思是“將鐵轉(zhuǎn)化為鋼”,因此D選項符合題意。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

有時候?qū)σ粋€人來說需要終生的時間才能懂得活著就是為了奉獻(xiàn)。

文化是一切。文化是我們著裝的方式,是我們走路的方式,是我們系領(lǐng)帶的方式。

時間是個多才多藝的表演者。它能展翅飛翔,能闊步前進(jìn),也能治愈創(chuàng)傷。

音樂是你自身的體驗,你的思想,你的智慧。

國家的發(fā)展取決于年輕一代的素質(zhì),這是么人皆知的事實。

【答案】Sometimes,itwilltakealifetimetounderstandthatlivingisfordevotion.

Cultureiseverything.Itisthewaywedress,walkandtieourties.

Timeisaversatileperformer.Itcanspreaditswingstofly,strideforwardlyandcureanywounds.

Musicisyourpersonalexperience,yourthoughtandyourwisdom.

Itiswidelyknownthatthedevelopmentofacountrydependsonthequalityofyoungergeneration.

5.單選題

______referstothatwhichisdeserted,laidwaste,solitary,forsaken.

問題1選項

A.Isolation

B.Consolation

C.Desolation

D.Dislocation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項isolation“隔離”,B項consolation“安慰,慰問”,C項desolation“孤寂”,D項dislocation“轉(zhuǎn)位,混亂”。根據(jù)空格后面的句子意思“……指的是那些被遺棄,荒廢,孤獨,被遺棄的”可知,空格部分填入desolation符合語境。句意:荒涼是指被拋棄,荒廢,孤獨,被遺棄。因此,該題選擇C項正確。

6.單選題

Assoonastheboywasabletoearnhisownlivinghe()hisparents'strictrules.

問題1選項

A.defied

B.refuted

C.excluded

D.vetoed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。defy“藐視,不服從”;refute“反駁,駁斥”;exclude“排除,排斥”;veto“否決,禁止”。句意:這個男孩能夠自己謀生之后就不服從他父母的那些嚴(yán)厲的規(guī)則了。A項符合題意。

7.單選題

Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened(

)asuddenloudnoise.

問題1選項

A.therewas

B.therehavingbeen

C.beingthere

D.shouldtherebe

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如有突然的巨響,那么這些動物確實有可能受驚。

語法題??疾樘摂M語氣。該句屬于與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣,主句部分為could+動詞原形,從句部分應(yīng)該為should+動詞原形或wereto+動詞原形,當(dāng)省略引導(dǎo)詞if后需采用倒裝,將should提前。

8.單選題

Notonly(

)todeterminethedepthoftheoceanfloor,butitisalsousedtolocateoil.

問題1選項

A.touseseismology

B.isseismologyused

C.tohavestarted

D.usingseismology

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒裝。notonly位于句首時,句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),即將系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞提前,放在主語前。

句意:地震學(xué)不僅用來確定海底的深度,而且還被用來定位石油。

9.單選題

SomeofthewordsemployedbyShakespeareinhisworkshavebecome____andarenolongerusedinthepresentdays.

問題1選項

A.obsolete

B.obscene

C.obvious

D.oblique

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.obsolete廢棄的B.obscene淫穢下流的;令人憎惡的

C.obvious明顯的D.oblique隱晦的

【考查點】句間邏輯

【解題思路】根據(jù)and可知空格處所填詞與后文“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再使用了(nolongerused)”為并列關(guān)系,前后語義一致,因此,A選項obsolete“廢棄的”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合原文語義邏輯,沒有依據(jù)。

【句意】莎士比亞作品中使用的一些單詞已經(jīng)廢棄了,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再使用了。

10.單選題

Ifyouwanttobuythishouse,thepaymentmaybemadeinfive().

問題1選項

A.installments

B.pieces

C.shares

D.parts

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項installments“分期付款”;B選項pieces“塊,文章”;C選項shares“股份”;D選項parts“部分”。句意:如果你想買這棟房子,可以_____。這句話表示是“可以分五期付款”,因此A選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Don’trepeatwhathesaid;pleasegivemethehighlights:That’smyconcern.

問題1選項

A.summaries

B.details

C.gist

D.opinions

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.summaries總結(jié)B.details細(xì)節(jié)

C.gist主旨;要點D.opinions觀點

【答案】C

【考查點】名詞辨析

【解題思路】原句語義為“請告訴我____”,前文提到“不要重復(fù)他說過的話”,原詞highlights“重點;要點”,側(cè)重于指最精彩、最重要的部分,C選項gist“主旨;要點”最符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項summaries“總結(jié)”側(cè)重于指對內(nèi)容的概括,沒有C選項符合原句語義;

B選項details“細(xì)節(jié)”,不符合原句語義;

D選項opinions“觀點”,不符合原句語義。

【句意】不要重復(fù)他說過的話;請告訴我重點:這是我關(guān)心的問題。

12.單選題

Hurricanesarekillerwinds,andtheir()powerliesinthephysicaldamagetheycando.

問題1選項

A.prevalent

B.turbulent

C.destructive

D.cumulative

【答案】C

【解析】句意:颶風(fēng)是具有殺傷力的風(fēng),其破壞性的力量在于其能夠造成的物質(zhì)損壞。

考查形容詞辨析。Prevalent普遍的;流行的;turbulent動亂的;猛烈的;destructive毀滅性的;摧毀性的;cumulative累積的;漸增的。因此C項符合句意。

13.填空題

Adebatehaseruptedwithinmedicineoverhowtoensurethatphysiciansmaintaintheirclinicalskillsthroughouttheircareers.TheAmericanBoardofInternalMedicine(ABIM)haslongrequiredinterniststopassMaintenanceofCertificationexamsevery10yearstokeeptheirboard-certifiedstatus.(71)Inresponse,theABIMannounceditwouldofferanewassessmentoptionstartinginJanuary2018,allowingdoctorstoberecertifiedthroughshorter,butmorefrequent,assessments.(72)Infact,itraisesacoupleofimportantquestions:Areassessmentseventhemosteffectivewaytoincentivizedoctorstokeepupwiththelatestmedicalknowledgeandnewtechnologies?Whydon’twedirectlymeasurephysicians’qualityofcareandpatientoutcomesastheygrowolder?

Whilethereissomeevidencethatphysicians’clinicalknowledge,adherencewithup-to-datestandardsofcare,andperformanceonprocessmeasuresmaywaneastheygetolder,littleisknownaboutwhetherandhowageimpactsphysicians’practiceandtheirpatientoutcomes.(73)Ontheotherhand,scientificknowledge,technology,andclinicalguidelineschangesoregularlythatkeepingupwiththemandincorporatingthemintoclinicalpracticecanbeoverwhelming.

AsthephysicianworkforceintheU.S.ages(approximatelyone-fifthofU.S.physiciansareover65yearsold,andthesizeofthegrouphasincreased27%since2005),itbecomesevenmoreimportanttounderstandhowphysicianagemightrelatetopatientoutcomes.(74)

Therelationshipbetweenphysicianageandpatientoutcomeshasnotbeenempiricallystudiedatalargescale.(75)Inourstudy,whichwasrecentlypublishedinTheBMJ,wefoundthatU.S.Medicarepatientstreatedbyolderphysiciansweremorelikelytodiewithin30daysofhospitalization,comparedwithpatientstreatedbyyoungerphysicians—unlesstheolderphysicianswereusedtotreatinglargenumbersofpatientseachyear.

A.Wefoundthatpatientstreatedbyolderphysiciansexperiencedstatisticallysignificantlyhighermortalityratesthanpatientscaredforbyyoungerphysicians.

B.Thiswouldhelpinformneweffortstoeducateolderphysiciansandimproveclinicaloutcomes.

C.However,thispolicyhasrecentlycomeunderscrutinyduetoitshighburdentodoctorsandthelackofsoundevidencethatrecertificationprocessesimprovedoctors’qualityofcare.

D.Ononehand,skillsandknowledgeareaccumulatedthroughexperienceandcanimprovequalityofcare.

E.Butit’snotclearthatthiswillmakemuchdifference.

F.Therefore,wedecidedtoinvestigatethisissuebyanalyzingtheoutcomesofhospitalizedMedicarepatientsandtheageoftheirtreatingphysicians.

【答案】71.C

72.E

73.D

74.B

75.F

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Wefoundthatpatientstreatedbyolderphysiciansexperiencedstatisticallysignificantlyhighermortalityratesthanpatientscaredforbyyoungerphysicians.A.我們發(fā)現(xiàn),由年長的醫(yī)生治療的病人的死亡率在統(tǒng)計學(xué)上明顯高于由年輕醫(yī)生照顧的病人。

B.Thiswouldhelpinformneweffortstoeducateolderphysiciansandimproveclinicaloutcomes.B.這將有助于為教育年長醫(yī)生和改善臨床預(yù)后的新嘗試提供信息。

C.However,thispolicyhasrecentlycomeunderscrutinyduetoitshighburdentodoctorsandthelackofsoundevidencethatrecertificationprocessesimprovedoctors’qualityofcare.C.然而,這一政策最近受到了審查,因為它給醫(yī)生帶來了很高的負(fù)擔(dān),而且缺乏合理的證據(jù)證明重新認(rèn)證過程可以改善醫(yī)生的護(hù)理質(zhì)量。

D.Ononehand,skillsandknowledgeareaccumulatedthroughexperienceandcanimprovequalityofcare.D.一方面,技能和知識是通過經(jīng)驗積累的,可以提高護(hù)理質(zhì)量。

E.Butit’snotclearthatthiswillmakemuchdifference.E.但目前還不清楚這是否會帶來很大的變化。

F.Therefore,wedecidedtoinvestigatethisissuebyanalyzingtheoutcomesofhospitalizedMedicarepatientsandtheageoftheirtreatingphysicians.F.因此,我們決定通過分析住院的醫(yī)療保險病人的結(jié)果和他們主治醫(yī)生的年齡來調(diào)查這個問題。

71.【考查點】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】文章開頭介紹了美國內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)委員會要求內(nèi)科醫(yī)生每10年通過認(rèn)證維護(hù)考試(MaintenanceofCertificationexams)這一政策,下文說到“將提供一種新的評估選項(newassessmentoption)”,由此可知空格處包含了一個轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系,說明原來的政策存在問題。C選項中的“However(然而)”表示轉(zhuǎn)折,并且介紹了這一政策的問題在于“給醫(yī)生帶來了很高的負(fù)擔(dān)(itshighburdentodoctors),而且缺乏合理的證據(jù)(thelackofsoundevidence)”。因此C選項“然而,這一政策最近受到了審查,因為它給醫(yī)生帶來了很高的負(fù)擔(dān),而且缺乏合理的證據(jù)證明重新認(rèn)證過程可以改善醫(yī)生的護(hù)理質(zhì)量?!闭_。

72.【考查點】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】上文說到“將提供一種新的評估選項(newassessmentoption)”,下文又針對這種評估方法提出了幾個重要的問題,由此可知空格處包含了一個轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系,說明新評估方法能否發(fā)揮作用還不確定,E選項中的“But(但是)”表示轉(zhuǎn)折,同時“this(這個)”指代的是上文的“newassessment(新評估方法)”。因此E選項“但目前還不清楚這是否會帶來很大的變化?!闭_。

73.【考查點】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】下文說到“另一方面(Ontheotherhand),科學(xué)知識、技術(shù)和臨床指導(dǎo)方針變化如此頻繁”,由此可知空格處講的應(yīng)該是其他的方面,D選項中的“Ononehand(一方面)”和下文的“Ontheotherhand(另一方面)”相對應(yīng)。因此D選項“一方面,技能和知識是通過經(jīng)驗積累的,可以提高護(hù)理質(zhì)量?!闭_。

74.【考查點】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】上文說到“了解醫(yī)生的年齡(physicianage)與患者預(yù)后(patientoutcomes)之間的關(guān)系變得更加重要。”,由此可知空格處應(yīng)該是介紹這一點的作用,B選項中的“This(這個)”指代的是上文的“了解醫(yī)生的年齡(physicianage)與患者預(yù)后(patientoutcomes)之間的關(guān)系”,其作用是“為教育年長醫(yī)生(olderphysicians)和改善臨床預(yù)后(clinicaloutcomes)的新嘗試提供信息”。因此B選項“這將有助于為教育年長醫(yī)生和改善臨床預(yù)后的新嘗試提供信息?!闭_。

75.【考查點】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】上文說到“醫(yī)生年齡和病人預(yù)后之間的關(guān)系尚未進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的實證研究(hasnotbeenempiricallystudiedatalargescale)?!?,指出了前人研究的不足之處,由此可知接下來應(yīng)該是提出自己目前研究的目的或假設(shè)。因此F選項“因此,我們決定通過分析住院的醫(yī)療保險病人的預(yù)后和他們主治醫(yī)生的年齡來調(diào)查這個問題?!闭_。

14.單選題

Consumersarebeingconfusedandmisledbythehodge-podge(大雜燴)ofenvironmentalclaimsinhalebyhouseholdproducts,accordingtoa“greenlabeling”studypublishedbyConsumersInternationalFriday.

Amongthereport'smoreoutrageous(令人無法容忍的)findings-aGermanfertilizerdescribeditselfas“earthwormfriendly”abrandoffloursaiditwas“non-polluting”andaBritishtoiletpaperclaimedtobe“environmentallyfriendlier”.

ThestudywaswrittenandresearchedbyBritain’sNationalConsumerCouncil(NCC)forlobbygroupConsumerInternational.ItwasfundedbytheGermanandDutchgovernmentsandtheEuropeanCommission.

“Whilemanygoodandusefulclaimsarebeingmade,itisclearthereisalongwaytogoinensuringshoppersareadequatelyinformedabouttheenvironmentalimpactofproductstheybuy,”saidConsumersInternationaldirectorAnnaFielder.

The10-countrystudysurveyedproductpackaginginBritain,WesternEurope,ScandinaviaandtheUnitedStates.ItfoundthatproductssoldinGermanyandtheUnitedKingdommadethemostenvironmentalclaimsonaverage.

Thereportfocusedonclaimsmadebyspecificproductssuchasdetergentinsectspraysandbysomegardenproducts.Itdidnottesttheclaims,butcomparedthemtolabelingguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO)inSeptember,1999.

Researchersdocumentedclaimsofenvironmentalfriendlinessmadebyabout2,000productsandfoundmanytoovagueortoomisleadingtomeetISOstandards.

“Manyproductshadspecially-designedlabelstomakethemseemenvironmentallyfriendly,butinfactmanyofthesesymbolsmeannothing,”saidreportresearcherPhilipPage.

“Laundrydetergentsmadethemostnumberofclaimswith158.Householdcleanersweresecondwith145separateclaims,whilepaintswerethirdonourlistwith73.Thehighnumbersshowhowveryconfusingitmustbeforconsumerstosortthetruefromthemisleading.’’hesaid.

TheISOlabelingstandardscanvagueormisleadingclaimsonproductpackaging,becausetermssuchas“environmentallyfriendly”and“non-polluting”cannotbeverified.“WhatwearenowpushingforistohavemultinationalcorporationsmeetthestandardssetbytheISO”,saidpage.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theNCCfounditoutrageousthat(

).

2.Asindicatedinthispassage,withsomanygoodclaims,theconsumers

).

3.AstudywascarriedoutbyBritain’sNCCto

).

4.Whatisoneoftheconsequencescausedbythemanyclaimsofhouseholdproducts?

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthelobbygroupConsumerInternationalwantsto(

).

問題1選項

A.alltheproductssurveyedclaimtomeetISOstandards

B.consumerswouldbelievemanyofthemanufactures’claim

C.theclaimsmadebyproductsareoftenunclearordeceiving

D.fewproductsactuallyprovetobeenvironmentfriendly

問題2選項

A.arebecomingmorecautiousabouttheproductstheyaregoingtobuy

B.arestillnotwillingtopaymoreforproductswithgreenlabeling

C.arebecomingmoreawareoftheeffectsdifferentproductshaveontheenvironment

D.stilldonotknowtheexactimpactofdifferentproductsontheenvironment

問題3選項

A.examineclaimsmadebyproductsagainstISOstandards

B.informtheconsumersoftheenvironmentalimpactoftheproductstheybuy

C.findouthowmanyclaimsmadebyproductsfailtomeetenvironmentalstandards

D.revisetheguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization

問題4選項

A.Theyarelikelytoleadtoseriousenvironmentalproblems

B.Consumersfinditdifficulttotellthetruefromthefalse

C.Theycouldarousewidespreadangeramongconsumer

D.Consumerswillbetemptedtobuyproductstheydon'tneed

問題5選項

A.warnconsumersofthedangerofso-calledgreenproducts

B.seeallhouseholdproductsmeetenvironmentalstandards

C.makeproductlabelingsatisfyISOrequirements

D.verifytheeffortsofnon-pollutingproducts

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“NCC最不能忍受的是什么?”文章第二段提到“報道中不能讓人忍受的是——德國‘蚯蚓之友’化肥,‘無污染’面粉,還有英國的‘環(huán)境友好’廁紙”(Amongthereport'smoreoutrageous(令人無法容忍的)findings-aGermanfertilizerdescribeditselfas“earthwormfriendly”abrandoffloursaiditwas“non-polluting”),即不能忍受這些宣傳,原因在第七段:近2000種產(chǎn)品并沒有像他們標(biāo)榜的那樣對環(huán)境無害,很多都不符合ISO的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(Researchersdocumentedclaimsofenvironmentalfriendlinessmadebyabout2,000productsandfoundmanytoovagueortoomisleadingtomeetISOstandards),由此可知,上面的那些宣傳在虛假夸大,選項C“產(chǎn)品的宣傳經(jīng)常很模糊或者帶有欺騙性”符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是消費者的反映。文章第四段提到“盡管現(xiàn)在很多產(chǎn)品的宣傳都很美好,但是需要清楚的是消費者仍然無法知道他們買的產(chǎn)品對于環(huán)境的影響有多大”(Whilemanygoodandusefulclaimsarebeingmade,itisclearthereisalongwaytogoinensuringshoppersareadequatelyinformedabouttheenvironmentalimpactofproductstheybuy),選項D“仍然不知道不同產(chǎn)品對環(huán)境的影響”符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第六段提到了NCC做這個調(diào)查的目的:用ISO的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來檢測一些特定的產(chǎn)品,比如殺蟲劑,探究這些產(chǎn)品的說明是否符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(Thereportfocusedonclaimsmadebyspecificproductssuchasdetergentinsectspraysandbysomegardenproducts.Itdidnottesttheclaims,butcomparedthemtolabelingguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO)inSeptember,1999),選項A符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話提到“如此高的數(shù)字表明消費者很難從這些誤導(dǎo)人的產(chǎn)品中分辨出正確的產(chǎn)品”(Thehighnumbersshowhowveryconfusingitmustbeforconsumerstosortthetruefromthemisleading),選項B“消費者很難分清真?zhèn)巍狈项}意。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章最后一段最后一句提到“我們現(xiàn)在正在推動讓跨國公司達(dá)到ISO的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”(WhatwearenowpushingforistohavemultinationalcorporationsmeetthestandardssetbytheISO),選項C“讓產(chǎn)品標(biāo)簽符合ISO的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合題意。

15.單選題

Itrainedheavily,and()afloodcamedestroyingeverythinginthevalley.

問題1選項

A.consequently

B.yet

C.subsequently

D.thus

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。consequently“因此,結(jié)果”;yet“但是”;subsequently“隨后,后來”;thus“因此,從而”。句意:雨下得很大,______洪水摧毀了山谷中的一切??崭裉幒笫谴笥暝斐傻慕Y(jié)果,因此選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

Takingapowerwalkorwatchingacomedyontelevisionaretwowaystofreeoneselffromthesullengripsofamelancholymood.

問題1選項

A.dilettantish

B.depressive

C.egalitarian

D.insurgent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。題干melancholy“憂郁的;傷悲的”。A項“業(yè)余愛好的;一知半解的”,B項“抑郁的”,C項“主張人人平等的;平等主義的”,D項“起義的,叛亂的”。因此選B。句意:散步或看電視上的喜劇是使自己擺脫憂郁情緒的兩種方式。

17.填空題

Englishasanofficiallanguagehasgainedmomentumasproponentskeepgoingtotheballotboxwithmeasuresthatdiscouragebilingualballots,noticesanddocuments.Thirtystalesnowhave(1)specifyingthatofficialgovernmentcommunicationsbeinEnglish,saysU.S.English,agroup(2)promotesthelaws.Thisyearsuchbillsareunder(3)in19legislatures."It'smultiplyingtremendously,"saysMauroMujica,aChileanimmigrantandchairmanandCEOofU.S.English."We'vemade(4)progress."

Criticsdonotseeprogress.Somesaytheincreaseinthemeasuresnationwidesendsahostile(5)tonewcomers."Itjustpoisonstheatmosphereinlocalcommunities,"saysJohnTrasvina,(6)andgeneralcounseloftheMexicanAmericanLegalDefenseandEducationalFund.Typicallytheproposedlaws(7)thatdocuments,ballotsandothercommunicationsbepublishedinEnglish.Exemptionsarecommunicationstoprotect(8)healthandsafetyoreffortstopromotetourism.

AdvocatessaytheyarenotsuggestingthatEnglishbetheonlylanguage(9)butthatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment.Mujica,whospeaksSpanishinhishome,saysrequiringEnglishforofficialbusinessencourages,(10)tolearnEnglish.Thatwillhelpthemtoassimilate(11)U.S.societyandprosperinitseconomy,hesays."We'remakingittooeasyforpeopletofunctioninotherlanguages,"hecomplains.

Buttheeffectivenessofthemovementisinquestionsincefederalsometimestrumpsastate'sofficialEnglishlaw.For(12),theVotingRightsActrequirescertainlocalitiestopublishbilingualballots.“They'veraisedthelevelofanger(13)languagesotherthanEnglish,(but)haven'treallychangedthegovernment'sorbusinesses'wayofdoing(14),”

Trasvinasaid.RobToonkel,spokesmanforU.S.English,saysthatisnottrue.Hesaysthelawsdonotcovereverything(15)ensurethatthingslikedriver'slicenses,zoningformsandtheday-to-dayactivitiesareoverwhelminglyinEnglish.

【答案】1.laws

2.that

3.consideration

4.huge

5.message

6.president

7.require

8.public

9.spoken

10.immigrants

11.into

12.instance

13.against

14.business

15.but

【解析】1.通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),此處應(yīng)填入名詞。結(jié)合本句翻譯:目前三十個州……規(guī)定英語為政府官方語言。因此推斷出所填入的名詞是laws,標(biāo)示……法律規(guī)定……

2.通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知:“agroup

promotesthelaws”這部分為U.S.English的同位語,其中“

promotesthelaws”為定語從句修飾agroup,故此處需填入引導(dǎo)詞that。

3.固定搭配。underconsideration“在考慮之中的”。

4.聯(lián)系上文含義。上文中“It'smultiplyingtremendously”的中文含義為:其正以驚人的速度成倍增加。推斷出所填入的詞為huge。

5.固定搭配。sendamessageto…“向……傳遞信息”。

6.通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知26andgeneralcounseloftheMexicanAmericanLegalDefenseandEducationalFund為JohnTrasvina的同位語。generalcounsel意為總顧問,由此可以推斷出此處也應(yīng)填入表示職位的名詞。因此答案為president。

7.分析句子Typicallytheproposedlaws__thatdocuments,ballotsandothercommunicationsbepublishedinEnglish.得出這里是虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的應(yīng)用:“bepublishedinEnglish”在此處省略了should。由此可以推斷所填入的詞是一個表示“命令、要求、建議等語氣”的動詞,因此答案為require。

8.固定搭配。publichealthandsafety意為公共衛(wèi)生安全。

9.分析句子...thatEnglishbetheonlylanguage

butthatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment結(jié)構(gòu)可知:thatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment為賓語從句。因此應(yīng)填入的詞與賓語從句中的used是對應(yīng)關(guān)系,因此填入spoken。

10.聯(lián)系上下文可以推斷出此處指的是“鼓勵外來移民學(xué)習(xí)英語”,故所填入的詞是immigrants。

11.固定搭配。assimilateinto意為“使同化,(使)逐漸'混合于(某—更大的群體)”。

12.固定搭配。Forinstance“例如”。

13.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知:“33languagesotherthanEnglish”做后置定語修飾anger。anger通常與介詞against搭配使用,故此處應(yīng)填入against。

14.固定搭配。wayofdoingbusiness意為“經(jīng)營方式”。

15.句子Hesaysthelawsdonotcovereverything

ensurethatthingslikedriver'slicenses,zoningformsandtheday-to-dayactivitiesareoverwhelminglyinEnglish.的中文翻譯為:他說,這些法律并沒有涵蓋所有內(nèi)容,

確保了像駕駛執(zhí)照、分區(qū)表和日?;顒佣际怯糜⒄Z書寫的??芍渥尤鄙俦硎巨D(zhuǎn)折的詞,因此填入but。

18.單選題

Reading(

)themindonlywithmaterialsofknowledge,itisthinkingthatmakeswhatwereadours.

問題1選項

A.rectifies

B.prolongs

C.furnishes

D.minimizes

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。Rectifies“修正,校正”;prolongs“延長,拖延”;furnishes“裝飾,提供信息”;minimizes“使最小化,把..減至最少”。句意:閱讀僅僅可以使我們學(xué)到知識,而思考卻可以讓我們讀懂自己。選項C符合題意。

19.單選題

Thezooattendantopenedthecageandtriedhardto

thetigersbackin.

問題1選項

A.coax

B.induce

C.pacify

D.reassure

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。coax“哄騙”;induce“引誘”;pacify“使平靜”;reassure“使安心”。句意:動物園管理員打開籠子,引誘老虎回去。選項B符合題意。

20.單選題

“HELLisacitymuchlikeLondon,”opinedPercyByssheShelleyin1819.Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea21%higherriskofdevelopinganxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofdevelopingmooddisorders.Butexactlyhowtheinnerworkingsoftheurbanandruralmindscausethisdifferencehasremainedobscure—untilnow.AstudyjustpublishedinNaturebyAndreasMeyer-LindenbergoftheUniversityofHeidelbergandhiscolleagueshasusedascanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimaging(FMRI)toexaminethebrainsofcitydwellersandcountrybumpkinswhentheyareunderstress.

InDr.Meyer-Lindenberg’sfirstexperiment,participantslyingwiththeirheadsinascannertookmathsteststhattheyweredoomedtofail(theresearchershaddesignedsuccessratestobejust25%-40%).Tomaketheexperiencestillmorehumiliating,theteamprovidednegativefeedbackthroughheadphones,allthewhilecheckingparticipantsforindicationsofstress,suchashighbloodpressure.

Theurbanites’generalmentalhealthdidnotdifferfromthatoftheirprovincialcounterparts.However,theirbrainsdealtwiththestressimposedbytheexperimentersindifferentways.Thesedifferenceswerenoticeableintworegions:theamygdalasandtheperigenualanteriorcingulatecortex(PACC).Theamygdalasareapairofstructures,oneineachcerebralhemisphere,thatarefounddeepinsidethebrainandareresponsibleforassessingthreatsandgeneratingtheemotionoffear.ThePACCispartofthecerebralcortex(again,foundinbothhemispheres)thatregulatestheamygdalas.

Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigherlevels.Citydwellershadthehighest.Notthatsurprising,tothoseofaShelleyesquedisposition.InthecaseofthePACC,however,whatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnow,butwhereheorshewasbroughtup.Themoreurbanaperson’schildhood,themoreactivehisPACC,regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.

Theamygdalasthusseemtorespondtothehere-and-nowwhereasthePACCisprogrammedearlyon,anddoesnotreactinthesame,flexiblewayastheamygdalas.Second-to-secondchangesinitsactivitymight,though,beexpectedtobecorrelatedwithchangesintheamygdalas,becauseofitsroleinregulatingthem.FMRIallowssuchcorrelationstobemeasured.

Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside,regardlessofwheretheynowlive,thecorrelationswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,thesecorrelationsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutofkilter.Furtherevidence,then,forShelley’spointofview.Moreover,itisalsoknownthatthePACC-amygdalalinkisoftenoutofkilterinschizophrenia,andthatschizophreniaismorecommonamongcitydwellersthancountryfolk.Dr.Meyer-Lindenbergiscarefulnottoclaimthathisresultsshowthecauseofthisconnection.Buttheymight.

Dr.Meyer-Lindenbergandhisteamconductedseveralsubsequentexperimentstochecktheirfindings.Theyaskedparticipantstocompletemoremathstests—andalsotestsinwhichtheymentallyrotatedanobject—whileinvestigatorschidedthemabouttheirperformance.Theresultsmatchedthoseofthefirsttest.Theyalsostudiedanothergroupofvolunteers,whoweregivenstress-freetaskstocomplete.TheseexperimentsshowednoactivityineithertheamygdalasorthePACC,suggestingthattheearlierresultswereindeedtheresultofsocialstressratherthanmentalexertion.

Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort,thesamplesizewassmall(andthereforenotasrobustasmightbedesirable)andtheresultshowedanassociation,ratherthanadefinite,causalrelationship.Thatassociationis,nevertheless,interesting.Livingincitiesbringsmanybenefits,butDr.Meyer-Lindenberg’sworksuggeststhatShelleyandhisfellowRomanticshadatleasthalfapoint.

16.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

17.WhydoestheauthormentionShelly’swordsatthebeginningofthetext?

18.“outofkilter”(Paragraph6)isclosestinmeaningwith________.

19.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthefindingsofthestudy?

20.Whichofthefollowingisamongthelimitationsofthestudymentionedinthetext?

問題1選項

A.Whythecityisnotasuitableplacetolive.

B.Howtodetecttheinnerworkingofpeopledealingwithstress.

C.Howurbanandruralresidentsdifferintermsofmentalmechanism.

D.Whycitydwellerssufferahigherriskofmooddisorderthancountrymen.

問題2選項

A.ToexpresshisaversiontobigcitieslikeLondon.

B.Tointroducethefollowingdiscussionabouturbanandruraldwellers.

C.Toshowhisfamiliaritywithliteraryworks.

D.Toindicatetheoriginofdifferencesobservedbetweenthecityandcountryside.

問題3選項

A.unexpected

B.outofcontrol

C.ill-informed

D.contradictory

問題4選項

A.CitydwellershadthehighestlevelofPACCactivityintimeofpressure.

B.Theplacewheretheparticipantswerebroughtupmattersmoreinpredictingtheirmentalactivity.

C.Ruralresidentshadthelowestlevelsofamygdalasactivitywhenconfrontedwithstress.

D.TheregulatorymechanismofPACCfailsamongpeoplewhonowliveinthecity.

問題5選項

A.Thescanningtechniqueusedtoexaminethebrains.

B.Therandomnessofchoosingparticipants.

C.Itsinadequatedesignofmathproblemsthattheparticipantsareaskedtosolve.

D.Itsinabilitytoclaimacausalrelationshipbetweensocialstressandmental.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】16.主旨大意題。文章開頭引出城鄉(xiāng)居民在患心理疾病上的差異,隨后拋出實驗來闡述城鄉(xiāng)居民在生理和心理的不同,所以C選項“城鄉(xiāng)居民心理機(jī)制的差異”正確。A選項“為什么城市不適合居住”:文章沒有討論這個話題,故錯誤。B選項“如何發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)對壓力的人的內(nèi)心活動”和D選項“為什么城市居民比鄉(xiāng)村居民患情緒障礙的風(fēng)險更高”:是文章內(nèi)容的一部分,不能概括全文,故錯誤。因此C項正確。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea21%higherriskofdevelopinganxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofdevelopingmooddisorders.(現(xiàn)代學(xué)者同意這個觀點。去年,荷蘭研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),城市居民患焦慮癥的風(fēng)險比平靜的農(nóng)村居民高21%,患情感障礙的風(fēng)險比鄉(xiāng)村居民高39%。),引用雪萊的話以后,緊接著提出城鄉(xiāng)居民在患精神類疾病風(fēng)險的不同,所以B選項“引入以下關(guān)于城市和農(nóng)村居民的討論”正確。A選項“表達(dá)對倫敦這樣的大城市的厭惡”和C選項“顯示對文學(xué)作品的了解”:不是文章想要表達(dá)的重點,故錯誤。D選項“指出城市和農(nóng)村差異的起因”:這里不能得出城鄉(xiāng)差異的起因,故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

18.語義推測題。outofkilter的意思是“失常,失衡”,根據(jù)第六段Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside…thecorrelationswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,thesecorrelationsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutofkilter.(對于那些在農(nóng)村長大的人來說,這種相關(guān)性在意料之中。然而,對于那些在城市長大的人來說,這種相關(guān)性就不存在了。換句話說,土生土長的都市人的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制似乎失衡了。),對于生長在農(nóng)村的人來說,這種相關(guān)性可以預(yù)料,也就是有規(guī)律可循,處于正常的狀態(tài),而對于生長在城市的人來說,這種相關(guān)性已經(jīng)消失,也就是說不是正常該有的狀態(tài),所以B選項“失控的”正確。A選項“想不到的”,C選項“所知不多的”和D選項“矛盾的”不符合題意,故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

19.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.(生活在農(nóng)村的人杏仁核的活動水平最低。),可知實驗的結(jié)果是C選項“面對壓力時,農(nóng)村居民的杏仁核活動水平最低”,故正確。A選項“城市居民有壓力時扣帶皮層活動水平最高”:根據(jù)第四段最后一句Themoreurbanaperson’schildhood,themoreactivehisPACC,regardlessofwherehewasdw

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