考研考博-英語-北京化工大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京化工大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Tohisinquiryifshewerehurt,shemadesomeincoherentreply（）shedidnotknow.

問題1選項

A.tothepointthat

B.totheeffectthat

C.totheextentthat

D.tothesensethat

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項tothepointthat“到….程度”；B選項totheeffectthat“大意是，意思是”；C選項totheextentthat“達到…的程度以致；就…來說”；D選項tothesensethat沒有這種表達。句意：對于他問她是否受傷了，她給出了一些語無倫次地回答，大意是她不知道。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Buttheoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarhasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrtienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Alien,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybycoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

1.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

3.Thefourthparagraphsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Para.5)?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項

A.Akindofoverlookinequality.

B.Atypeofconspicuousbias.

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice.

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination.

問題2選項

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.

C.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.

D.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.

問題3選項

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents

D.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

問題4選項

A.Theyaregettingimpatient.

B.Theyarenoisilydozingoff.

C.Theyarefeelinghumiliated.

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.

問題5選項

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.

B.VIPsinthewesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.

C.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabtismstillhasalongwaytogo.

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.（對于那些尚未意識到這一劣勢的人來說，這是指對那些姓氏以字母表下半部分的字母開頭的人的歧視）可知A選項“一種被忽視的不公平”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第一段提出字母排序是一種隱藏的歧視；第二三段舉例說明字母排序的歧視，因此D選項“某種形式的歧視太微妙以至于無法識別”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第四段介紹了從入學開始，老師們就按姓氏首字母排序安排學生的座位，很少關注那些由于姓氏首字母靠后而經(jīng)常被安排在教室的后面，也很少向他們提問，因此C選項“老師們應該關注所有的學生”符合題意。

4.詞義題。由文章最后一段中的Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.（羞辱還在繼續(xù)。在大學畢業(yè)典禮上，ABC們自豪地獲得了他們的獎項；等輪到Zysman們的時候，大多數(shù)人實際上已經(jīng)ZZZ了）可在推測等輪到Zysman們領獎時，其他人由于等的時間太長，差不多都會睡著了。ZZZ表示“（擬聲）打鼾聲”，dozingoff表示“打瞌睡”，因此選B。

5.推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了字母排序所帶來的歧視，這種歧視是隱蔽的，是無意中導致的，因此D選項“按字母順序排列可能會導致無意的偏見”符合題意。

3.填空題

Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.Burningupfuels,wepumpedagreatdealofgreenhousegasesintotheair,alteringthechemistryoftheatmosphereandwarmingtheplanetinjustafewdecades.Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimate（靈長類）todisappearinmorethan100years.

Atthestartofthe21stcenturytherewereunmistakablesignsthatnaturewasbeginningtotakeitsrevenge.Meltingiceinbothpolesoftheearthsuggestedthattheclimatewaschangingrapidly.Weatherwasevenmorechangeablethanusual;givingsomeplacestoolittlerainandotherstoomuch.FiresracedacrossthedriedAmericanWestlastsummer,andrecentstormsspreaddamagesfromBritaintoChina.Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.Othersadsignsfromanoverburdenedplanetincludefallinggrainandfishharvestsandfiercercompetitionforscarcewatersupplies.

Buttherewerealso,intheyear2000,signsofgreatawareness.ConnectedbytheInternet,hundredsofmillionspeoplegatheredforthe30thanniversaryofEarthDay,GovernmentsfromWashingtontoLimatookstepstoprotectthelargewildareasfromdevelopment.Progresswasmadetowardusingmorerenewableenergyfromthewindandthesun,andnewcarsthatusedbothgasolineandelectricityshowedfuel-economystatistics.

Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainable(可持續(xù)的)development”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.

Mark“T”forTrueor“F”forFalseontheAnswerSheet.

____1.Speciesofanimalsandplantsareincreased.

____2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscarcewatersuppliesaredirectlycausedbythelargerpopulation.

____3.Humanitybuiltmanydamsinthepastcentury.

____4.Thephrase“sustainabledevelopment”inthelastparagraphprobablymeansthateconomicdevelopmentwillmakefulluseofnaturalresources.

____5.Themainpurposeoftheauthoristomakeusawareoftheimportanceofenvironmentprotection.

【答案】F

F

T

F

T

【解析】1.定位到第一段Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimatetodisappearinmorethan100years.（當我們的人口在2000年開始時超過了60億，仍然遍布各大洲，每天都有幾十種動物和植物滅絕，包括100多年來第一個滅絕的靈長類動物。）可以看得出動植物物種都在減少，因此題干錯誤。

2.定位到第二段Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.（沒有特定的事件可以直接歸咎于全球變暖，洪水和干旱將會更頻繁和嚴重。）可以看出目前并沒有證據(jù)證明是人口增多引起的，因此題干錯誤。

3.定位到第一段Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.（在過去的一個世紀里，人類盡其所能控制自然。我們在河流上筑壩，砍伐森林，耗盡土壤。）通過這句話可以得出題干是正確的。

4.定位到最后一段Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainabledevelopment”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.（新世紀的目標是“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”。這有可能嗎?這取決于我們對人類是自然的一部分，而不是主人的理解程度。）因此可以看出，可持續(xù)發(fā)展指的并不是題干所說的“經(jīng)濟發(fā)展將充分利用自然資源”，而是人類要意識到自己要和大自然共同發(fā)展，因此題干錯誤。

5.根據(jù)全文來看，作者一直都是在說明現(xiàn)在環(huán)境的惡劣，以及人類的責任重大，需要和自然好好相處，因此作者的意圖就是希望大家重視環(huán)境保護問題。題干表達正確。

4.單選題

Alltherows,alltheethicalproblemsandallthemoneyspentinpursuingthehumancodeforlifewillhavebeenwellworthitifitfulfilsevensomeofitsmedicalpromise.

Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgeneengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Andinbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects:thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.

Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanGenomeResearchinstitute.Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofyear.Inagoodyear,intimesgoneby,theremighthavebeentwoorthree.Lastyear,therehavebeen29discovered.

Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.ThemostextremesuggesteduseforthehumangenomedataiseditingtheDNAinheritancepasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.Suchascenarioinvolvesidentifyinganabnormalgeneandthencorrectingitinthecellswhichareusedtopassgeneticinformationtooffspring.Nosubsequentgenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventiongenerationwouldthenbeaffectedbytheirancestors’genedefect.However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.

Thereislittledoubtthattherevelationofhumangenomewillbenefithealthcareintheshortandlongterm.Butmanyofthetreatmentswillbeexpensiveandwilldonothingtoavoidthedamagecausedbyviralandbacterialdiseases.IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.ButDr.IanPurvissays,“Itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind—andweneverhaveinthepast.”

1.Bysayingthatthe“potentialprizescertainlyglitter”,theauthormeansthat______.

2.Thechiefpurposeofgeneengineeringisto______.

3.Fromthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraphwelearnthat______.

4.Theauthorwarnsthatintryingtoalterhumangenes,specialattentionshouldbepaidto______.

5.AccordingtoDr.Purvis,humanbeings______.

問題1選項

A.pursuingthehumancodeforlifecertainlyprovokesmuchdebate

B.geneengineeringfailstofulfilsomeofitsmedicalpromises

C.geneengineeringwillcertainlyprovetobeafruitfulresearch

D.potentialprizesforgeneresearchhaveactuallyprovedtobesmall

問題2選項

A.developdrugssuitedtoeachindividualwithfewersideeffects

B.preventfaultygenesfrompassingontothenextgeneration

C.developdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases

D.workoutthebesttherapyfortheterminallyill

問題3選項

A.actualworkongeneengineeringhasbeenunderway

B.gettingawaywithfaultygeneshasprovedtobeatoughtask

C.theprospectoffindingthenewtreatmentsseemsbright

D.researchershavebeguntocollectthehumangenomedata

問題4選項

A.ethicalproblemsinvolved

B.abnormalgenestobealtered

C.thecodeoflifetobesearchedfor

D.protectinghealthygenes

問題5選項

A.aremorearrogantthanwewereinthepast

B.willbeabletomonitorallailmentsinthenearfuture

C.understandourpastbetterthanwedoourfuture

D.maynotunderstandeverythingwediscovered

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thepotentialprizescertainlyglitter.Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgeneengineering.Atthenearerendofthetimescale,genetictestsareallowingpeopletochoosesuitabletherapiesandlifestylestobeatdisease.Andinbetween,liefurthertantalizingprospects:thousandsofnewdrugsforpreviouslyuntreatablediseases;drugstailoredtoindividuals,sowithfarfewersideeffects,theabilitytoreplacefaultygenes,short-circuitingdiseasesatsource.（潛在的獎勵肯定是閃閃發(fā)光的。在遙遠的將來，通過將遺傳疾病一勞永逸地從基因庫中剔除，也就是所謂的基因工程，就有可能防止遺傳疾病。隨著時間的推移，基因測試使人們能夠選擇合適的治療方法和生活方式來戰(zhàn)勝疾病。在這兩者之間，還有更誘人的前景：數(shù)以千計的新藥可以治療以前無法治療的疾病；為個人量身定制的藥物，副作用少得多，能夠替換有缺陷的基因，從源頭上消除疾病。）”，由此可知題干中potentialprizescertainlyglitter的意思是真正的工程必將被證明是一項富有成效的研究，即它可以治療遺傳疾病，所以C選項“真正的工程必將被證明是一項富有成效的研究”符合題意。A選項“追尋人類的生命密碼肯定會引發(fā)很多爭論”；B選項“真正的工程沒有履行一些醫(yī)療承諾”以及D選項“基因研究的潛在回報實際上被證明是很小的”文章都沒有提及，因此C選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Inthefarfuture,itmaybepossibletopreventgeneticdiseasesfrombeinginheritedbycuttingthemoutofthegenepoolonceandforall,so-calledgenuineengineering.（在遙遠的將來，通過將遺傳疾病一勞永逸地從基因庫中剔除，也就是所謂的基因工程，就有可能防止遺傳疾病。）”，由此可知基因工程的主要目的是防止有缺陷的基因遺傳給下一代，B選項“防止有缺陷的基因傳遞給下一代”更符合題意。A選項“開發(fā)適合每個人的副作用更少的藥物”；C選項“為以前無法治療的疾病開發(fā)藥物”；D選項“找出治療絕癥的最佳療法”。因此B選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到第三段第一句話“Buttheworkofturningthebasepairdataintothegoldofnewtreatmentshasalreadybegun,accordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,headoftheUSNationalHumanGenomeResearchinstitute.（但美國國家人類基因組研究所所長弗朗西斯?柯林斯博士表示，將堿基對數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為新療法的黃金數(shù)據(jù)的工作已經(jīng)開始。）”，再聯(lián)系下文可知，基因工程正在實施中，因此A選項“基因工程的實際工作正在進行中”符合題意。B選項“擺脫有缺陷的基因被證明是一項艱巨的任務”和C選項“找到新療法的前景似乎很光明”不能從該句子體現(xiàn)出；根據(jù)第三段以及第四段“Ikeepatallyofthegenesthatareresponsibleforhumandiseasesthatareidentifiedoverthecourseofyear...Privatecompanieshavealsocombedthedatatofindgenesthatplayrolesindiabetes,asthma,psoriasisandmigraines.（我記錄了一年中發(fā)現(xiàn)的與人類疾病有關的基因……私營公司也梳理了數(shù)據(jù)，尋找與糖尿病、哮喘、牛皮癬和偏頭痛有關的基因。）”可知文章只提到弗朗西斯?柯林斯博士和私營公司在收集人類基因組數(shù)據(jù)，并沒有提到研究人員，因此D選項“研究人員已經(jīng)開始收集人類基因組數(shù)據(jù)”說法錯誤。因此A選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段的最后一句話“However,suchirreversibleinterventionwiththecodeforlifewillonlybeallowedaftermajorethicalreservationsandsafetyconcernsoverpossibleunexpectedresultsofthechangesareaddressed.（然而，只有在處理了重大倫理保留意見和對可能出現(xiàn)的意外結果的安全擔憂之后，才允許對生命守則進行這種不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的干預。）”，由此可知在試圖干預人類基因時應注意倫理以及安全問題，所以A選項“涉及的道德問題”符合題意。B選項“被改變的異?；颉保籆選項“尋找生命的密碼”；D選項“保護健康基因”均不符合題意，因此A選項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)珀維斯博士所說“Itcouldbethatlike,alongtimeinthefuture,butthatisbasedontheratherarrogantviewhumanityhasthatitwillunderstandeverythingwefind—andweneverhaveinthepast.（可能在很長一段時間以后，但這是基于人類相當傲慢的觀點，即它會理解我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切——而我們過去從未這樣做過。）”可知人們需要在很長一段時間后，并且是基于很傲慢的觀點才會理解他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以D選項“可能并不理解我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切”符合題意。A選項“比過去更傲慢”曲解了文意；B選項“在不久的將來能檢測到所有的疾病”出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段“IthasbeensuggestedthatabravenewworldawaitsusinwhichallailmentscanbemonitoredfromadailymouthswabinsertedintoaDNAreaderinourbathroomcabinets.（有人認為，一個勇敢的新世界正在等待著我們，在這個世界里，所有的疾病都可以通過每天將口腔拭子插入浴室櫥柜里的DNA讀取器來監(jiān)測。）”，此處只是說有些人認為、有意見認為，并沒有絕對地說人類將來能監(jiān)測到所有疾病，因此B選項錯誤；C選項“了解我們的過去勝過了解我們的將來”在珀維斯博士所說的話中沒有體現(xiàn)。因此D選項正確。

5.單選題

TheFBIkeptthehouseunderconstant______inthehopeofcapturingallthecriminalsatonetime.

問題1選項

A.cessation

B.surveillance

C.guidance

D.supervision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項cessation表示“停止，中止”，B項surveillance表示“監(jiān)督，（對犯罪嫌疑人或可能發(fā)生犯罪的地方的）監(jiān)視”，C項guidance表示“指導，引導”，D項supervision表示“監(jiān)督，管理”，指活動或行動過程中的監(jiān)督，尤指批判性地指導。根據(jù)關鍵詞FBI（聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局）和criminals（罪犯）可知，“監(jiān)視”符合語境。句意：聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局不斷監(jiān)視這所房子，希望能一次性抓獲所有罪犯。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

6.單選題

TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethattheGovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek:“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.

Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.

TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.

36.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto___.

37.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto___.

38.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto___.

39.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe___.

40.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause___.

問題1選項

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad

D.developmorequicklythanatpresent

問題2選項

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

C.helptheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize

問題3選項

A.thedevelopmentofindustry

B.agrowthinpopulation

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme

D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns

問題4選項

A.alargereductiononunemployment

B.agrowthinthetouristindustry

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries

問題5選項

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety

D.theyregardoilasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】36.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised)（挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)。一項新的法律限制了人們只能在漫長的海岸線南端以南地區(qū)進行勘探；制定了生產(chǎn)限額（盡管已經(jīng)提高））可知B選項“減緩它的發(fā)展速度”正確；第一段andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers（石油公司雇傭外國工人的數(shù)量不得超過一定數(shù)量）可知A選項“為外國工人提供更多的工作機會”和原文相悖；C選項“出售它在國外生產(chǎn)的石油”以及D選項“比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快”為原文所提及。因此B選項正確。

37.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段第一句TheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.（挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)）以及第一段第三句Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblemsandfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.（但石油行業(yè)有一種克服這些問題的方法，很少有人相信政府能夠長期維持現(xiàn)狀）可以推測出政府努力維持現(xiàn)狀，選D選項“保持石油工業(yè)接近目前規(guī)?！保瑫r可知A選項“鼓勵石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源”和C選項“幫助石油公司解決許多問題”與原文相悖；B選項“阻止石油公司雇傭來自挪威北部的人”原文未提及，排除。因此D選項正確。

38.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段末尾Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.（但是石油工業(yè)已經(jīng)開始把人們吸引到南方，不出幾年，整個北方政策可能會崩潰）可知選C選項“發(fā)展方案的失敗”，同時可知A選項“工業(yè)的發(fā)展”以及B選項“人口增長”和原文相悖；D選項“新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展”未提及，排除。因此C選項正確。

39.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.（然而，石油工業(yè)的影響將不限于北方。由于將近百分之百就業(yè)率，每個人都能看出一種發(fā)展中的情況：服務行業(yè)和旅游行業(yè)的大部分工人會跑到石油工業(yè)去）可知南方服務行業(yè)和旅游行業(yè)的工人們會進入石油行業(yè)，導致產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)量減少，選C選項“現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)量的減少”，A選項“大量減少失業(yè)”，B選項“旅游業(yè)的增長”以及D選項“一些服務業(yè)的發(fā)展”和原文相悖。因此C選項正確。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵字“farmersandfishermen”定位到原文最后一段Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.（雖然農(nóng)民和漁民并不占人口的絕大部分，但他們卻是人口的重要組成部分，因為挪威人在他們身上看到了許多他們引以為傲的挪威人的基本品質(zhì)）可知選B選項“他們的生活和價值觀代表著挪威的理想”，同時可知A選項“他們構成了挪威理想的很大一部分”錯誤；C選項“他們的工作對挪威社會很有用”原文未提及；最后一段最后一句Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.（農(nóng)民和漁民對石油工業(yè)最為不滿，因為它可能會對鄉(xiāng)村和海洋造成損害）可知D選項“他們認為石油是對挪威生活方式的威脅”錯誤。因此B選項符合題意。

7.單選題

ManyfarmsintheSouthernUnitedStates（）hayandtobaccoandexportthemtootherpartsofthecountry.

問題1選項

A.store

B.fertilize

C.sow

D.yield

【答案】D

【解析】fertilize使肥沃；sow播種；yield出產(chǎn)。句意：美國南部的許多農(nóng)場生產(chǎn)干草和煙草,并出口到美國其他地區(qū)。選項D最符合語境。

8.單選題

Somedonors,batteredbysomanyappealsforhelp,mayfindthemselvesbattlingcompassion

（）.

問題1選項

A.indolence

B.fatigue

C.vacuum

D.leave

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項indolence“懶散，懶惰，無痛”；B選項fatigue“疲勞，疲乏，雜役”；C選項vacuum“真空，空缺，空白，真空吸塵器”；D選項leave“離開，許可，同意，休假”。compassionfatigue“同情疲勞”。句意：一些捐助人，在如此多的求助面前不堪一擊，可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在與同情疲勞作斗爭。因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Homeschoolingappearstobeagreatsuccessformiddle-classandwealthyfamilieswhenoneparentishomemostofthetime.However，homeschoolingdoesnotworkininner-cityneighborhoodsbecauseparentseitherworkduringthedayoractivelylookforwork.Numerousestimatesbetween1and2millionhavebeenmaderegardingthenumberofhome-schooledchildreninthiscountry.Homeschoolingwillgrowinthefutureascoursematerialsandtutoringsystemsvastlyimprove.

Nottoomanyyearsago，learningathomemeantreadingabookanddoinghomeworkwithtutoringfromaparentoroldersibling.Today,homeshaveanoutstandingtutoravailable24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Thistutorneverlosesitspatience，becomesupset,turnscritical,orscoldsachildforpoorperformance.Infact,thenewtutoringsystemconstantlyrecognizesgoodperformanceandprovidespraiseforprogressinlearning.Thistutoristhemultimediapersonalcomputer.Fordecades，studentshavebeenlearningviatelevisionprograms.Inrecentyears，studentshavelearnedhowtouseapersonalcomputer.NowtechnologyisbringingtogethertheInternet,video,slides，CD-ROM,andtheinteractivityofacomputertocreatemultimediapresentationsthatstudentsenjoy.

Thecostofthistutoringsystemisabout$1,200.Itcanbeusedforatleastsixyears,sotheannualcostis$200.Iftherearetwostudentsinthefamily,theannualcostdropsto$100perstudent.Inmanyhouseholds,theparentsalsousethecomputer,whichreducestheannualcostevenfurther.

Thetutoringsystemallowshomeschoolerstoexploresubjectswithoutaparentorteachertellingthemwhattodonext.Thecomputeralsoprovidesasafeenvironmentforstudentstotakerisks.Theyseeandhearimmediate,positivereinforcementeverytimetheylearnsomething.Immediate,positiveremediationalsoisavailablewhenthestudentdoesn’tfullyunderstandthelesson.Thecomputeristrulyabreakthroughinstudentlearningandinbuildingself-esteem.

Atfirst,coursewaredevelopersthoughttheyhadtoselltheirproductstocurriculumdirectors,teachercommittees,andschoolboards.Now,thesecompaniessellcoursewaredirectlytoparents.Forexample,insteadofbuyingaleather-boundeditionoftheEncyclopediaBritannica,workingparentscanpurchaseacomputerizedencyclopediafor$35orless.

Coursewarequalityandcoursematerialsimproveannuallybecauseparentsandstudentsbuyonlyhigh-qualityandmotivationalcourses.Withmillionsofhomeschoolersandotherchildrenusingthesematerials,thepricepersubjectnowvariesfrom$20to$40.Intheearlyschoolyears,oneortwocoursewaresystemsaresufficientfortheentireschoolyear.Thecoursewaremarkethasbecomeamulti-million-dollarindustryinwhichqualityincreasesandcostsdecreaseconstantly.

Studieshaveshownthatinteractivecoursewarespeedslearningby30to50percentoverconventionalteachingmethods.Lessonretentionalsoimproves.Manyhomeschoolersneedtostudyonlythreeorfourhours,leavingthemmorethanenoughtimeforextracurricularactivities.

Howwillcoursewareimpactthepublicschools?Itcaneitherbeviewedasasideshowthathasnoplaceinaschoolsystem,whichwouldbeamistake,orpublicschoolscanstudywhycoursewareandhomeschoolinghavesucceeded.Investinginoutstandingcoursematerials,learningsystems,andtutoringsystemshavebeenhomeschooling’skeystosuccess.Thisisexactlywhatmostpublicschoolsdonotdo，eventhoughtheyspendmorethan$300billionintaxpayers’money.Instead,theyclaimtheyhavenomoneyforoutstandingcoursematerials,learningsystems,andtutoringsystems.

Itshouldalsobenotedthatmosthome-schoolingparentsarenotformerteachers.Manyofthemjusthavehighschooldiplomasorhavestudiedayearortwoincommunitycolleges.Thisinformationindicatesthatcertifiedteacherswithininner-cityschoolscouldbemoresuccessfuliftheirclassroomshadoutstandingcoursematerials,learningsystems，andtutoringsystems.

Homeschoolingwillgrowinresponsetotheviolenceinschoolsandtotheconstantdroneofmessagesaboutpoorstudentperformance，butitcannotreplaceourpublicschoolssystemsbecausemostparentsaresimplynotavailabletoprovidehomeschooling.Itishoped,however,thatpublicsc