考研考博-英語(yǔ)-東華大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-東華大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thenuboftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.

However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.Intheirview,preservationistsareimbuedwiththesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream,theonlydifferencebeingthatthelatterexaltshumansovernaturewhiletheformerelevatesnatureoverhumans.WhileitisperhapspuzzlingthatJordanandTurnerdonotseethatthereisnologicthatrequiresdualismasaphilosophicalunderpinningforpreservation,morepuzzlingisthesharpnessandrelentlessnessoftheirattackonpreservationists,accentuatedbythefactthattheyofferlittle,ifany,criticismofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld.

Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.Rejectingtheolddominationmodel,whichseeshumansasovernature,restorationtheorychampionsamodelofcommunityparticipation.YetsomeofthedescriptionsthatJordanandTurnergiveofwhatrestorationistsareactuallyupto―forexample,Turner’sdescriptionofhumansas“thelordsofcreation,”orJordan’sstatementthat“thefateandwell-beingofthebiospheredependultimatelyonusandourrelationshipwithit”—donotcoherewellwiththecommunityparticipationmodel.

Anotherholisticmodel—namely,thatofnatureasanorganism—mightbemoreserviceabletotherestorationists.Aswiththecommunitymodel,the“organic”modelpicturesnatureasasystemofinterconnectedparts.Afundamentaldifference,however,isthatinanorganismthepartsarewhollysubservienttothelifeoftheorganism.Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.

However,toconsiderhumansasthecontrolcenterofthelivingearthistoascribetothemadominatingroleinnature.Isthissignificantlydifferentfromtheold-fashioneddominationmodel?Inbothsystemshumansholdtheplaceofhighestauthorityandpowerintheworld.

Also,neitherviewrecognizesanylimitstothescopeandrangeoflegitimatehumanmanipulationintheworld.Thisdoesnotmeanthattherearenoconstraints;onlybeneficialmanipulationshouldbeundertaken.Butitdoesnotmeanthatnothingisoff-limits.Afurtherparallelisthat,becausethefateoftheworldrestsonhumans,theymusthaveaclearideaofwhatneedstobedone.

1.Theauthorprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagreethatpreservationists（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthefunctionofthefirstparagraphinrelationtothepassageasawhole?

4.Inassertingthattheorganicmodelmightbe“moreserviceabletotherestorationists”(line1-2,para.4),theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’sprimarycriticismoftherestorationists?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.examinethesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongmodelsforenvironmentalphilosophies

B.formulateanewphilosophicalmodeloftherelationshipbetweenhumansandtheirenvironment

C.critiqueamodern-dayenvironmentalphilosophy

D.arguethatoneparticularenvironmentalphilosophy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.arenotcriticalenoughofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld

B.basetheirideasonanunhealthydualism

C.havethesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream

D.havebeenunfairlycriticizedbyrestorationist

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Todiscusssecondaryissuesasapreludetoamoredetailedexanimationofaprimaryissue.

B.Toprovideanhistoricalbackdropforadiscussionofmodern-dayissues.

C.Tointroduceopposingviewpoints,whicharethenevaluated.

D.Toidentifyproblemareaswithinaschoolofthought,whicharethenexploredingreaterdetail.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedescriptionsbyTurnerandJordanoftherestorationists’programconformmorecloselytotheorganicmodelthantothecommunityparticipationmodel

B.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentthanthecommunityparticipationmodelwiththeprincipleofrestoration

C.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentwiththerestorationists’agendathanwiththepreservationists’program

D.holisticmodelsaremoreusefulthanthedualistmodeltotherestorationists

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theircritiqueofpreservationismisnotwellsupported.

B.Theirprogramdoesnotcoincidewiththeirprinciples.

C.Theyrejectthemostworkablemodelfortherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.

D.Theyassigntohumansacontrollingroleintheworld.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段全文主旨句“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來(lái)支持這種譴責(zé)。因此C選項(xiàng)“批評(píng)一種現(xiàn)代的環(huán)境哲學(xué)”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來(lái)支持這種譴責(zé)。對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)“不公平地被恢復(fù)主義者批評(píng)”。因此D項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第一段“Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.”中文翻譯為：對(duì)二元論的不滿有一段時(shí)間顯著地出現(xiàn)在環(huán)保主義者對(duì)主流工業(yè)社會(huì)的不滿上，如在CarolynMerchant和TheodoreRoszak的作品中就有出現(xiàn)，以及第二段中“However，thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻譯為：然而，恢復(fù)主義者們（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品卻很少提供證據(jù)來(lái)支持這種譴責(zé)。可知答案為A項(xiàng)“討論一個(gè)次要的問題來(lái)充當(dāng)對(duì)一個(gè)重要問題進(jìn)行更詳細(xì)檢查的前奏”。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第四段“Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.”中文翻譯為：如果我們可以將生物圈看成是一個(gè)單獨(dú)的生物體且將人類等同于大腦（或DNA）或控制中心，那么我們應(yīng)該有一個(gè)更符合恢復(fù)主義者觀點(diǎn)的模式。因此A項(xiàng)“Turner和Jordan對(duì)恢復(fù)主義者計(jì)劃的描述相比社區(qū)參與模式，更接近有機(jī)體模式”正確。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.”中文翻譯為：然而，有關(guān)恢復(fù)主義者觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵問題是恢復(fù)計(jì)劃本身忠實(shí)于恢復(fù)的基本原則（即自然和人類在根本上是統(tǒng)一的，而不是分開的）的程度。因此可知答案為B“他們的計(jì)劃與他們的原則不一致”。

2.單選題

Althoughshegivesbadly（

）titlestohermusicalcompositions,theyincorporateunusualcombinationsofmaterialsincludingGregorianchant,Asianscalepatternsandrhythms,electronicsounds,andbirdsongs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exotic

B.eccentric

C.imaginative

D.conventional

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。exotic異國(guó)的，外來(lái)的eccentric古怪的，反常的；imaginative虛構(gòu)的，富于想象的；conventional符合習(xí)俗的，日常的。句意：盡管她糟糕地給她的音樂作品賦以尋常的（傳統(tǒng)的）題目，但是這些作品卻體現(xiàn)出對(duì)一些材料的不尋常整合，比如羅馬教的圣歌、亞洲的音階風(fēng)格節(jié)奏、古怪的聲響和鳥鳴。由although及unusual可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與unusual相反，故答案為D。

3.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tofightchildhoodobesity.

B.Tohelpdisadvantagedkids.

C.Tourgekidstofollowtheirrolemodels.

D.Toencouragekidstoplaymoresports.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheyaremosteffectivewhenappearingonTV.

B.Theybestboostproductsaleswhenputonline.

C.Theyarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.

D.Theyimpresskidsmorethantheydoadults.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dowhattheyadvocateinpublic.

B.Alwaysplacekid’sinterestfirst.

C.Payattentiontotheirimagebeforechildren.

D.Messagepositivebehaviorsatalltimes.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingThree

Today,I’dliketotalkaboutwhathappenswhencelebrityrolemodelsgetbehindhealthyhabitsbutatthesametimepromotejunkfood?[23]Currently,thereismountingcriticismofMichelleObama’sLet’sMove!Campaign,whichfightschildhoodobesitybyencouragingyoungsterstobecomemorephysicallyactive,andhassignedonsingerBeyonce,andbasketballplayerShaquilleO’Neal,bothofwhomalsoendorsesodas,whichareamajorcontributortotheobesityepidemic.Nowthere’salotmoreevidenceofhowpowerfulacelebrity—especiallyaprofessionalathlete—canbeininfluencingchildren’sbehavior.

InareportpublishedbytheRuddCenterforFoodPolicyandObesityatYaleUniversity,researchersstudied100professionalathletesandtheirendorsementcontracts.Theteamfocusedonathletessincetheyaretheoreticallythebestrolemodelsforactive,healthylifestylesforchildren.Aftersortingthedealsbycategory,theydeterminedthatamongthe512brandsassociatedwiththeathletes,mostinvolvedsportinggoods,followedcloselybyfoodandbeveragebrands.

Sportsdrinks,whichareoftenhighinsugarandcaloriesmadeupmostofthefoodanddrinkdeals,withsoftdrinksandfastfoodfillingouttheremainder.Ofthe46beveragesendorsedbyprofessionalathletes,93%reliedexclusivelyonsugarforalloftheircalories.

It’snosurprisethathighprofileathletescaninfluencechildren’seatingbehaviors,butthescientistswereabletoquantifyhowprevalenttheseendorsementsareinthechildren’senvironment.Advertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletesandtheirendorsedproductstendtogetimpressiveexposure,onTV,radio,inprintandonline.Andin2010,[24]theresearchersreportedthatchildrenages12to17sawmoreathlete-endorsedfoodandbeveragebrandcommercialsthanadults.

Onereasonanycampaignwantsapopularcelebrityspokespersonisbecausekidsareattractedtothemnomatterwhattheyaredoing.Wecan’texpectkidstoturnoffthatadmirationwhenthesamepersonissellingsugar.Atbest,kidsmightbeconfused.Atworst,they’llthinkthemessagesaboutsodaarethesameasthemessagesaboutwater.Butthosetwobeveragesaren’tthesame.

Ifchildrenareturningtoathletesasrolemodels,it’sintheirbestinterestiftheiridolsareconsistent.[25]Consistentmessagingofpositivebehaviorswillshowhealthierlifestylesforkidstofollow.

23.WhatistheaimofMichelleObama’scampaign?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問米歇爾?奧巴馬競(jìng)選的目的是什么？錄音開頭提到目前針對(duì)米歇爾?奧巴馬的“讓我們動(dòng)起來(lái)”的運(yùn)動(dòng)有越來(lái)越多的評(píng)論，該運(yùn)動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)孩子多參加運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)對(duì)抗兒童肥胖。因此米歇爾?奧巴馬發(fā)起該運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的就是對(duì)抗兒童肥胖，A選項(xiàng)與原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“幫助弱勢(shì)兒童”；C選項(xiàng)“敦促孩子們跟隨他們的榜樣”在錄音中均未提及；D選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)孩子多運(yùn)動(dòng)”最具干擾性，這是對(duì)抗兒童肥胖的方式，并不是最終的目的，因此不正確。

24.Whatdoesresearchfindaboutadvertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletes?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員廣告的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？根據(jù)錄音，2010年，研究人員報(bào)道指出，12到17歲的孩子比成年人看更多由運(yùn)動(dòng)員代言的食品和飲料品牌的廣告。也就是說，由專業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員代言的廣告給孩子留下的印象比給成年人留下的更深刻。D選項(xiàng)“他們給孩子留下的印象比給成年人留下的印象更深刻”與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“出現(xiàn)在電視上最有效”；B選項(xiàng)“放在網(wǎng)上時(shí)最能促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品銷量”，利用TV和online設(shè)置干擾項(xiàng)，錄音原文并沒有對(duì)這些廣告出現(xiàn)在什么地方最有效進(jìn)行對(duì)此，因此可排除；C選項(xiàng)“它們變得越來(lái)越普遍”在錄音中并未提及，因此也可排除。

25.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkkids’idolsshoulddo?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問說話者認(rèn)為孩子們的偶像應(yīng)該做什么？錄音最后提到，如果孩子們以運(yùn)動(dòng)員為榜樣，如果他們的這些偶像能夠始終如一，那么孩子們將得到最大的益處。持續(xù)傳達(dá)積極行為的信息能向孩子們展現(xiàn)他們應(yīng)該要追隨的更健康的生活方式，所以講話人認(rèn)為孩子們的偶像應(yīng)該一直傳達(dá)積極行為的信息。D選項(xiàng)中的atalltimes是錄音中consistent的同義表達(dá)，因此D選項(xiàng)“時(shí)刻傳達(dá)積極的行為”正確。A選項(xiàng)“做他們向公眾提倡的事情”；B選項(xiàng)“總是把孩子的利益放在首位”以及C選項(xiàng)“在孩子面前注意他們的形象”在錄音中均沒有提及，因此排除。

4.單選題

Parentsoftenfallintothetrapofofferingotherfoodinorderto（

）thechildtoeat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tempt

B.manipulate

C.incense

D.escort

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。tempt“吸引，誘使”；manipulate“操作，操控”；incense“使激怒”；escort“護(hù)送，陪同”。句意：家長(zhǎng)們常常陷入困境，通過別的食物來(lái)吸引孩子好好吃飯。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

Doctorsmustinform______parentsaboutthelowoddsofsuccessinfertilitytreatments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.protective

B.respective

C.prospective

D.perspective

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)protective“防護(hù)的；關(guān)切保護(hù)的；保護(hù)貿(mào)易的”；B選項(xiàng)respective“分別的，各自的”；C選項(xiàng)prospective“未來(lái)的；預(yù)期的”；D選項(xiàng)perspective“透視的”。句意：醫(yī)生必須告知準(zhǔn)父母生育治療成功的幾率很低。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

We’reextremelyinterestedinthesourceofthese（）rumors.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.salient

B.fictitious

C.ascetic

D.indelible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)salient“顯著的；最重要的”；B選項(xiàng)fictitious“虛假的”；C選項(xiàng)ascetic“清苦的，苦行的”；D選項(xiàng)indelible“無(wú)法忘記的，不可磨滅的”。句意：我們對(duì)這些（）謠言從何而來(lái)非常感興趣。既然是rumors“謠言”，很多人會(huì)不假思索地相信，就不至于salient“顯著的；最重要的”，fictitious“虛假的”比較符合生活實(shí)際。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Astatelessyoungmanmayhavefeltintimidatedafterhavingbeendeniedasylumandnightofresidencebymanycountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unsafe

B.initiated

C.intrigued

D.credulous

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.unsafe不安全的；危險(xiǎn)的B.initiated使開始；發(fā)起

C.intrigued很感興趣的；著迷的D.credulous輕信的；易受騙的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息afterhavingbeendeniedasylumandnightofresidencebymanycountries（在被許多國(guó)家拒絕庇護(hù)和夜間居住后）可知，feltintimidated表示的是“感覺到害怕”，intimidated表示的是“害怕”的意思，A項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)詞義不符合句中所選詞匯。

【句意】一個(gè)無(wú)國(guó)籍的年輕人在被許多國(guó)家拒絕庇護(hù)和夜間居住后可能會(huì)感到害怕。

8.單選題

Thedefinitionofaestheticpleasureisapopularsubjectformanydifferentfields.Inthefollowing,adaptedfromanarticlefoundinasciencejournal,aphysicistdiscussestheuniqueperspectivethathisdisciplineallowshim.

Sincetimeimmemorial,countlessscholarshaveaskedthequestion:Whatisbeauty?Asphilosophersengageinweightydiscourses,designersupdatethelatestfashions,andartistscreatetheirmasterpieces,whatisconsideredbeautifulchangesatanalarmingpace.Fiftyyearsago,thefull-figuredMarilynMonroeembodiedtheAmericanaestheticvalue;today,alegionofHollywoodactressesvastlydifferentinappearancefromMarilyn’shavetakenherplace.However,aestheticvaluesnotonlydifferfromgenerationtogeneration,butdosoalongculturallinesaswell.TheconventionsthatgovernpaintingandmusicvarygreatlyfromEasttoWest.Often,whatisconsideredrepellenttooncivilizationisthepinnacleofaestheticappealinanother.Thus,whenlefttothesphereofhumandesign,thesearchforanabsolutedefinitionofbeautyremainsanelusiveoneatbest.

Asfundamentalphysicists,mycolleaguesandIliketobelievethatweareinvolvedinasearchforabeautythatdoesnotremainimpervioustodefinition.Thebeautythatwesearchforisnotthatwhichislaiddownthroughtheworkofpeopleandsubjecttoephemeraltastes,butratherthatwhichhasbeenestablishedbyNature.Thosenotinvolvedwithphysicstendtothinkofitasapreciseandpredictivescience—certainlynotafieldofstudyfitforthecontemplationofthebeautiful.Yetoneofphysics’greatestgiftsisthatitallowsitsstudentstolookpastextrinsicappearances,intoamoreoverwhelmingbeauty.Asahumanbeing,Iamcaptivatedbythevisualappealofawavecrashingonthebeach.Asaphysicisthowever,Ipossesstheabilitytobecaptivatedbythemuchdeeperbeautyofthephysicallawsthatgovernsuchaphenomenon.Wherethenon-physicistseesalovelybutinexplicableevent,thewell-schooledphysicistisabletoperceiveabrilliantdesign.

Intruth,sincethedaythatAlbertEinsteinfirstproposedthenotionthattheremightbeoneoverarchingphysicaltheorythatgovernstheuniverse,aestheticshavebecomeadrivingforceinmodernphysics.WhatEinsteinandwe,ashisintellectualdescendants,havediscoveredisthis:Nature,asitsmostfundamentallevel,isbeautifullyconstructed.Theremarkablesimplicityofthelawsthatgovernstheuniverseis,attimes,nothingshortofbreath-taking.Andateverystep,asnewdiscoveriesandtechnologiesallowustoexaminethephysicalworldondeeperanddeeperlevels,wefindthatthebeautyitselfbecomesmoreprofound.AsEinsteinhimselfsaid,itwouldseemmorelikelythatweshouldfindourselveslivinga“chaoticworld,innowaygraspablethroughthinking.”Yethereweare,closerthanevertoafullunderstandingoftheuniverse’sbeautifulclockwork.

31.Thereferenceto“MarilynMonroe”inParagraph1primarilyservesto______.

32.Theauthor’sassertioninParagraph1(“whatisconsideredrepellent…inanother”)suggeststhat______.

33.AsusedinParagraph2,thephrase“l(fā)aiddown”mostnearlymeans______.

34.Theauthorusesthewords“ephemeral”and“Nature”(Paragraph2)inorderto______.

35.Inthecourseofoutliningthevariousgiftsofphysics,theauthorcitesallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provideanexampleoftoday’sstandardsofbeauty

B.discussherabilitiesasanactress

C.demonstratehowsusceptibleaestheticsaretochange

D.comparetraditionsofEastandWest

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.culturesarenaturallydestinedtoclash

B.manycivilizationsarepronetodisgustingbehavior

C.individualstendtodisagreeonwhattheyfindbeautiful

D.itisnearlyimpossibletosaywhatistrulybeautiful

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.created

B.rested

C.slept

D.secured

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.contrasttheconceptofimpermanentbeautywiththebeautyforwhichphysicssearches

B.evaluatetheeffectivenessofphysicsasanartform

C.discusshowphysicistsvisualizebeauty

D.criticizepeoplewhodon’tunderstandphysics

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytolookforabeautythatisunchanging

B.appreciatingthevisualbeautyofawavecrashing

C.agreatercomprehensionofNature’sways

D.seeingadeeperdesigninnaturalevents

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】31.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“第一段中提到的瑪麗蓮夢(mèng)露主要是用來(lái)……”。定位到第一段第三句Fiftyyearsago,thefull-figuredMarilynMonroeembodiedtheAmericanaestheticvalue;Today,alegionofHollywoodactressesvastlydifferentinappearancefromMarilyn’shavetakenherplace.（50年前，豐滿的瑪麗蓮夢(mèng)露體現(xiàn)了美國(guó)人的審美價(jià)值；如今，一群外貌與瑪麗蓮大相徑庭的好萊塢女演員取代了她的位置），結(jié)合前一句whatisconsideredbeautifulchangesatanalarmingpace（被認(rèn)為是美的東西在以驚人的速度變化）可知，第一段提到瑪麗蓮夢(mèng)露是用來(lái)舉例說明美的變化，C項(xiàng)“說明美學(xué)是如何變化的”正確。A項(xiàng)“提供一個(gè)今天的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的例子”為反向干擾，瑪麗蓮夢(mèng)露是50年前的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。B項(xiàng)“討論她作為演員的能力”和D項(xiàng)“比較東方和西方的傳統(tǒng)”沒提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

32.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“作者在第1段的斷言‘whatisconsideredrepellent…inanother’表明……”。定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句Often,whatisconsideredrepellenttooncivilizationisthepinnacleofaestheticappealinanother.（通常，在文明上被認(rèn)為是排斥的東西是另一個(gè)文明的審美情趣的頂峰），根據(jù)下一句Thus,whenlefttothesphereofhumandesign,thesearchforanabsolutedefinitionofbeautyremainsanelusiveoneatbest.（因此，在人類設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域，對(duì)美的絕對(duì)定義的探索充其量也是難以捉摸的）可知，在不同的文明中審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不同，所以對(duì)美的定義很難確定，由thus可知，這一句是作者在第一段的斷言的結(jié)論，故D項(xiàng)“幾乎不可能說出什么是真正的美麗”正確。A項(xiàng)“文化沖突是天生的”屬于無(wú)中生有，文中沒有提到文化沖突。B項(xiàng)“許多文明都傾向于令人作嘔的行為”曲解原文，文中只是提到在一個(gè)文明中排斥的東西在另一個(gè)文明中是審美頂峰，并沒有說這就是一種令人作嘔的行為。C項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人對(duì)他們認(rèn)為美麗的事物往往意見不一”屬于無(wú)中生有，在這里并沒有提到個(gè)人對(duì)美麗事物的不同意見。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

33.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“正如第2段中使用的，短語(yǔ)laiddown最可能的意思是……”。定位第二段第二句Thebeautythatwesearchforisnotthatwhichislaiddownthroughtheworkofpeopleandsubjecttoephemeraltastes,butratherthatwhichhasbeenestablishedbyNature.（我們所尋找的美，不是那些通過人們的工作而laiddown的美，也不是那些一時(shí)的趣味所支配的美，而是那些由自然形成的美），which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中用到了not…but…句型，but后面用到的動(dòng)詞是establish，所以not后面的laiddown的意思應(yīng)該與之相近，故A項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造”正確。B項(xiàng)“休息”、C項(xiàng)“睡覺”和D項(xiàng)“保護(hù)”都不符合。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

34.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者在第2段使用ephemeral和Nature是為了……”。定位第二段第二句Thebeautythatwesearchforisnotthatwhichislaiddownthroughtheworkofpeopleandsubjecttoephemeraltastes,butratherthatwhichhasbeenestablishedbyNature.（我們所尋找的美，不是那些通過人們的工作而建立起來(lái)的美，也不是那些一時(shí)的趣味所支配的美，而是那些由自然形成的美）可知，物理學(xué)家探索的美是自然形成的，而不是短暫趣味所支配的；所以可推斷，作者用ephemeral和nature是為了將短暫的美和物理學(xué)所尋找的自然美作對(duì)比，ephemeral相當(dāng)于impermanent，故A項(xiàng)“將無(wú)常之美與物理學(xué)所追求的美進(jìn)行對(duì)比”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“評(píng)估物理作為一種藝術(shù)形式的有效性”，文中并沒有提到物理是一種藝術(shù)形式，該項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。C項(xiàng)“討論物理學(xué)家如何形象化美”在該處也沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無(wú)中生有。D項(xiàng)“批評(píng)不懂物理的人”屬于曲解原文，作者并沒有描述批評(píng)性的語(yǔ)言。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

35.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“在概述物理學(xué)的各種天賦的過程中，作者引用了除了……以外的所有內(nèi)容”。定位到第二段Yetoneofphysics’greatestgiftsisthatitallowsitsstudentstolookpastextrinsicappearances,intoamoreoverwhelmingbeauty.Asahumanbeing,Iamcaptivatedbythevisualappealofawavecrashingonthebeach.Asaphysicisthowever,Ipossesstheabilitytobecaptivatedbythemuchdeeperbeautyofthephysicallawsthatgovernsuchaphenomenon.Wherethenon-physicistseesalovelybutinexplicableevent,thewell-schooledphysicistisabletoperceiveabrilliantdesign.（然而，物理學(xué)最偉大的天賦之一，就是它允許學(xué)生們?nèi)タ催^去的外在表象，進(jìn)入一種更為壓倒性的美。作為一個(gè)人，我被海浪沖擊海灘的視覺吸引力所吸引。然而，作為一名物理學(xué)家，我有能力被支配這種現(xiàn)象的物理定律的更深層的美所吸引。當(dāng)非物理學(xué)家看到一個(gè)可愛但無(wú)法解釋的事件時(shí)，受過良好教育的物理學(xué)家能夠感知到一個(gè)出色的設(shè)計(jì)。）可知，在概述物理學(xué)天賦中，B項(xiàng)“欣賞海浪撞擊的視覺美感”、C項(xiàng)“對(duì)自然的方式有更大的理解”和D項(xiàng)“在自然事件中看到更深層次的設(shè)計(jì)”都有被引用到。而這一段中，并沒有提到過unchanging的事物，A項(xiàng)“尋找永恒之美的能力”有出入，屬于無(wú)中生有。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsaswellasagreedconventions（

）thesewordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticularmessage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asthewaybywhich

B.bythewayinwhich

C.astothewayinwhich

D.inthewayofwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我們每個(gè)人都與我們所生活的社會(huì)分享著大量的詞匯以及約定的慣例，……這些詞匯排列組合起來(lái)后可以表達(dá)特定意義。后半句是對(duì)前半句中約定的慣例進(jìn)一步解釋，因此只有C選項(xiàng)“至于這種慣例（方式）”可將前后銜接起來(lái)。

10.單選題

ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell,butifyou（

）youwillsucceedintheend.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hangup

B.hangabout

C.hangon

D.hangonto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。hangup意為“懸掛，掛斷（電話）”；hangabout意為“閑逛”；hangon意為“堅(jiān)持下去”；hangonto意為“緊緊抓住，不放棄，依附”。

句意：學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不是一件容易的事，但如果你堅(jiān)持下去，你最終會(huì)成功的。

11.單選題

Mycarcrawledalongamainroadwherealineoftrafficwas______sotightlytogetherthatitwasalmoststationary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wedged

B.crowded

C.squeezed

D.compacted

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.wedged塞進(jìn)，插入B.crowded擠滿，塞滿

C.squeezed擠壓，捏D.compacted把……緊壓在一起（或壓實(shí)）

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由itwasalmoststationary（幾乎靜止不動(dòng)）可知，交通是非常擁擠的，而wedge表示“塞滿”。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)表示人群擁擠；

C、D選項(xiàng)都指由于外力作用在物體上造成的擠壓。

【句意】我的車在一條主干道上緩慢行駛，那條主干道上的車輛緊緊地?cái)D在一起，幾乎靜止不動(dòng)。

12.單選題

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen's.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatterorfrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses-thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibresthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis"What?'*,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforwordhanding,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetter

connections.

Butitisn'tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat"languagesubjects"andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedbyfactors（

）.

3."Thesedifferences"inparagraph5refertothosein（

）.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon（

）.

5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup.

B.Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother.

C.Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief.

D.Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.biological

B.psychological

C.physical

D.social

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.skillsofmenandwomen

B.schoolsubjects□

C.thebrainstructureofmenandwomen

D.activitiescarriedoutbythebrain

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebrainstructureasawhole

B.thefunctioningofpartofthebrain

C.thedistinctionbetweenthesexes

D.theeffectsofthecorpuscallosum

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainstructure.

B.Toexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainstructure.

C.Todiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebraindifferences.

D.Tosuggestnewareasinbrainresearch.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。A:心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)放棄，而生物學(xué)家正在展開研究工作。第一段指出:Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke(心理學(xué)家把這個(gè)問題看成是挫折或笑話),原文表達(dá)的意思跟A項(xiàng)不一樣。B:大腦區(qū)別顯示出一個(gè)性別優(yōu)于另外一個(gè)性別。第一段說:'Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse(他們指出盡管有區(qū)別，但并不能說明誰(shuí)優(yōu)誰(shuí)劣),與B項(xiàng)不一致。D:兩性大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別早已為人所知。第三段:Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmen...(這是第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)男性和女性大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)差異…),因此D項(xiàng)排除。所以本題選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段指出:Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences(我們傾向于認(rèn)為正是社會(huì)的影響造成了這些差異),故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段說:Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis(但在此基礎(chǔ)上，要解釋男女技能的實(shí)際差異并不是那么容易)。由此可見,“這些區(qū)別”指的是兩性技能。

4.推斷題。最后一段：Weshan'tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon'tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum(我們暫時(shí)還不知道，部分原因是我們不知道學(xué)校受試者的能力和大腦兩半的功能之間有什么精確的關(guān)系，我們也不知道兩半是如何通過胼胝體相互作用的。)。后面:weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.間接地提出對(duì)于corpuscallos的影響應(yīng)多作研究工作。

5.主旨大意題。A項(xiàng)(概述關(guān)于大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的研究結(jié)果)比較能概括文章目的。

13.單選題

Yourblunttreatmentofdisputeswou