考研考博-英語-云南師范大學(xué)商學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南師范大學(xué)商學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Lifeisinterestingtopeoplewho（

）themselvestonewideas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.present

B.exhibit

C.expose

D.explain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:對于讓自己接觸新觀點(diǎn)的人而言，生活是有意思的。

考查動詞辨析。Present把…交給,頒發(fā),授予,提出,提交;exhibit展覽,陳列,展示;expose使面臨,使暴露,使曝光,常與to連用表示“使接觸……，使受到……的影響”;explain說明,解釋。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞newideas(新觀點(diǎn))可知C符合句意。

2.單選題

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitiontomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmangersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninanAha!experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoftenknowwhatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysexceptto（

）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbereferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem.

B.identifyaproblem.

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts.

D.stipulatecleargoals.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.

D.ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblemsManagerXdoesnot.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

B.Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.

C.Managers’intuitionwinkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.

D.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Anassertionisnudeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段提到高級經(jīng)理們有五種方式來使用直覺：1.他們直覺得感到有問題存在；2.他們依靠直覺迅速做出訓(xùn)練有素的行為模式；3.利用直覺來對圖片進(jìn)行加工，對碎片信息進(jìn)行整合；4.使用直覺來進(jìn)行理性分析；5.使用直覺來避開深入的分析并立即想出一個可行的方案。選項(xiàng)A符合第五點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)B符合第一點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)C符合第三點(diǎn)。因此，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese提到Isenberg調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)理們依賴于直覺既不是理性的對立面，也不是反復(fù)無常的借口。所以選項(xiàng)D“這些作者誤解了在做商業(yè)決定時經(jīng)理們?nèi)绾问褂弥庇X”符合題意。

3.本題的題干是假設(shè)經(jīng)理X使用直覺做決定，而經(jīng)理Y使用正式的分析，他們最大的不同是下列哪個選項(xiàng)。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到直覺型經(jīng)理認(rèn)為思考與形容不可分割（Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting）。文章最后一句提到行為只是確定問題，而不是實(shí)施方案，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章提到直覺型的經(jīng)理們認(rèn)為想和做不可分割，高級經(jīng)理們總是在不同的實(shí)際案例中學(xué)習(xí)更多解決問題的方法，然后利用這些實(shí)踐得來的方法對問題進(jìn)行更深入的了解（seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章第一段提到很多高級職業(yè)經(jīng)理人不按照傳統(tǒng)模式而依靠直覺（Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodelof…Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitionto），選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Euthanasiaisapracticeofmercifullyendingaperson'slifeinorderto_______thepersonfromanincurablediseaseandintolerablesuffering.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.liberate

B.confine

C.release

D.apprehend

【答案】A

【解析】liberate解放,解脫;confine限制;release釋放;apprehend理解,逮捕。句意：安樂死是一種仁慈地結(jié)束一個人的生命,從而使病人從不可醫(yī)治的絕癥和無法忍受的痛苦中解脫出來的做法。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Allthepeopleinthestadiumcheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（）slowlyintothesky.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascending

B.elevating

C.lifting

D.lingering

【答案】A

【解析】ascend上升；elevate提升，舉起；lift提升，舉起；linger徘徊。根據(jù)句意可知這里指氣球慢慢上升到空中，選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

5.單選題

Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen

,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneously

B.instantly

C.automatically

D.simultaneously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。spontaneously“自發(fā)地；自然地”；instantly“立即地”；automatically“自動地”；simultaneously“同時地”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息externalinfluence“外部影響”，可判斷空格處應(yīng)該填入一個與之相反的詞，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：雖然大多數(shù)夢都是自然發(fā)生，但是夢的活動可能由外部影響引起的。

6.單選題

Inhernovelof“Reunion,AmericanStyle”,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion“ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?”

Jaffe’sobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.AccordingtoastudyconductedbysocialpsychologistJackSparacino,theoverwhelmingmajoritywhoattendreunionsaren'tthereinvidiouslytocomparetheirrecentaccomplishmentswiththoseoftheirformerclassmates.Instead,theyhope,primarily,torelivetheirearliersuccesses.

Certainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesthanthoseclassmateswhochosenottoattenD.Forthosewhoturnedupattheirreunions,then,theoldtimeswerealsothegoodtimes!

ItwouldappearthatAmericanshaveaspecialfondnessforreunions,judgingbytheirprevalence.Majorleaguebaseballplayers,fraternitymembers,veteransgroups,highschoolandcollegegraduates,andformerBoyScoutsallholdreunionsonaregularbasis.Inaddition,familyreunionsfrequentlyattractbloodrelativesfromfarawayplaceswhospendconsiderablemoneyandtimetoreunite.

Actually,intheiraffectionforreunitingwithfriends,familyorcolleagues,Americansareprobablynodifferentfromanyotherpeople,exceptthatAmericanshavecreatedamind-bogglingnumberandvarietyofinstitutionalizedformsofgatheringstofacilitatethesatisfactionofthisdesire.Indeed,reunionshaveincreasinglybecomeformaleventsthatareorganizedonaregularbasisand,intheprocess,theyhavealsobecomebigbusiness.

ShellNorrisofClassReunion,Inc.,saysthatChicagoalonehas1,500highschoolreunionseachyear.Aconservativeestimateonthenationallevelwouldbe10,000annually.Atonetime,allhighschoolreunionswereorganizedbyvolunteers,usuallyfemalehomemakers.Inthelastfewyears,however,asmoreandmorewomenhaveenteredthelabourforce,alumnireunionsareincreasinglybeingplannedbyspecializedcompaniesratherthanbypart-timevolunteers.

ThefirstcollegereunionwasheldbythealumniofYaleUniversityin1792.GraduatesofPennsylvania,Princeton,Stanford,andBrownfollowedsuit.Andbytheendofthe19thcentury,most4-yearinstitutionswereholdingalumnireunions.

Thevarietyofcollegereunionsisimpressive.AtPrinceton,alumniparadethroughthetownwearingtheirclassuniformsandsingingtheiralmamater.AtMariettaCollege,theygatherforadinner-danceonasteamshipcruisingtheOhioRiver.

Clearly,thethoughtofcruisingonasteamshipormarchingthroughthestreetsisusuallynot,byitself,sufficientreasonforlargenumbersofalumnitoreturntocampus.Alumniwhodecidetoattendtheirreunionsshareacommonidentitybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetherasundergraduates.Forthisreason,universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond—forexample,becausetheyarerelativelysmallorespeciallyprestigious—tendtodrawsubstantialnumbersoftheiralumnitoreunions.Inanefforttoenhancethiscommonidentity,largercollegesanduniversitiesfrequentlybuildtheirclassreunionsonparticipationinsmallerunits,suchasdepartmentsorschools.Ortheyencourage“affinityreunions”forgroupsofformercheerleaders,editors,fraternitymembers,musicians,membersofmilitaryorganizationsoncampus,andthelike.

Ofcourse,noteveryalumnusisfondofhisorheralmamater.Studentswhograduatedduringthelate1960smaybeespeciallyreluctanttogetinvolvedinalumnievents.Theywerepartofthegenerationthatconductedsit-insandteach-insdirectedatuniversityadministrators,protestedmilitaryrecruitmentoncampusandmarchedagainst“establishmentpolitics.”Ifthisgenerationhasacommonidentity,itmayfalloutsideoftheiruniversityties—orevenbehostiletothem.Evenastheyentertheirmiddleyears,alumniwhocontinuetoholdunpleasantmemoriesofcollegeduringthisperiodmaynotwishtoattendclassreunions.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Sparacino'sstudy___.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadistinctfeatureofU.S.classreunions?

3.Whatmainlyattractsmanypeopletoreturntocampusforreunion?

4.Therhetoricalfunctionofthefirstparagraphisto___.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.providedstrongevidenceforJaffe’sstatement

B.showedthatattendeestendedtoexcelinhighschoolstudy

C.foundthatinterestinreunionswaslinkedwithschoolexperience

D.foundevidenceforattendees'intensedesireforshowingoffsuccess

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.U.S.classreunionsareusuallyoccasionstoshowoffone’srecentsuccess

B.Reunionsareregularandformaleventsorganizedbyprofessionalagencies

C.Classreunionshavebecomeaprofitablebusiness

D.Classreunionshavebroughtaboutavarietyofactivities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thevarietyofactivitiesforclassreunion

B.Thespecialstatustheiruniversityenjoys

C.Sharedexperiencebeyondthecampus

D.Sharedundergraduateexperienceoncampus

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.introduceRonaJaffe’snovel

B.presenttheauthor’scounterargument

C.serveaspreludetotheauthor’sargument

D.bringintofocuscontrastingopinions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AhistoricalperspectiveforalumnireunionsintheUnitedStates

B.Reasonsforpopularityandattendanceforalumnireunions

C.AlumnireunionsandAmericanuniversitytraditions

D.Alumnireunionanditssocialandeconomicimplications

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Sparacino'sstudy”可以定位到文章第三段中“Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesthanthoseclassmateswhochosenottoattend.”，中文翻譯為：在他的研究中，斯帕拉奇諾發(fā)現(xiàn)，作為高中生，參加者比那些選擇不參加的同學(xué)更受歡迎，更常被視為有吸引力，更多地參與課外活動。可以得知B選項(xiàng)“表明參與者往往在高中學(xué)習(xí)中表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由A選項(xiàng)“美國的班級聚會通常是炫耀自己最近成功的機(jī)會。”可以定位到原文第三段“Certainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.”，中文翻譯為：當(dāng)然，也有一些人回來向他們以前的同學(xué)展示他們做得多么好；還有一些人喜歡觀察他們同學(xué)身上發(fā)生的變化（當(dāng)然，他們自己并不總是這樣）。但大多數(shù)參加班級聚會的人都是為了重溫年輕時的美好時光。因此可知A選項(xiàng)錯誤，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段“Alumniwhodecidetoattendtheirreunionsshareacommonidentitybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetherasundergraduates.Forthisreason,universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond—forexample,becausetheyarerelativelysmallorespeciallyprestigious—tendtodrawsubstantialnumbersoftheiralumnitoreunions.”，中文翻譯為：決定參加校友聚會的校友們都有一個共同的身份，這個身份基于他們在一起度過的大學(xué)生時代。出于這個原因，那些以某種方式建立了共同紐帶的大學(xué)——例如，因?yàn)樗鼈円?guī)模相對較小或特別有聲望——往往會吸引大量校友參加聚會?？芍狟

選項(xiàng)“他們大學(xué)享有的特殊地位”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段“Inhernovelof‘Reunion,AmericanStyle’,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion‘ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?’”中文翻譯為：在她的小說《美國風(fēng)格的重聚》中，羅娜?賈菲暗示，一次班級聚會“不僅僅是一次感傷的旅程。這也是一種回答隱藏在我們所有人內(nèi)心深處的問題的方式。他們比我做得好嗎?”。以及原文第二段“Jaffe’sobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.”，中文翻譯為：賈菲的觀察也許放錯了地方，但并不是完全沒有意義。判斷出C選項(xiàng)“作為作者論證的前奏。”正確。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文判斷出答案為A選項(xiàng)“美國校友聚會的歷史視角”，D選項(xiàng)“校友聚會及其對社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響?！睂儆谖恼碌谒亩?、第五段內(nèi)容，B選項(xiàng)“受歡迎和出席校友聚會的原因?！睂儆谖恼碌诙?、第三段的內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)“校友聚會和美國大學(xué)傳統(tǒng)?！睂儆谖恼碌诹?、第七段、第八段、第九段的內(nèi)容。

7.單選題

TheBritishhistorianNiallFergusonspeculatedthattheendofAmerican_______mightnotfuelanorderlyshifttoamultipolarsystem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.domain

B.hegemony

C.sovereignty

D.preference

【答案】B

【解析】domain領(lǐng)地,領(lǐng)域;hegemony霸權(quán);sovereignty主權(quán),君主;preference偏愛,優(yōu)先權(quán)。句意：英國歷史學(xué)家NiallFerguson推測,美國霸權(quán)主義的終結(jié)可能不會推動美國向多極體系的有序轉(zhuǎn)變。

選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Allhisplanforstartinghisownbusinessfell（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.through

C.down

D.away

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)fellin“塌陷，跌入，集合，到期”；B選項(xiàng)fellthrough“落空，失敗”；C選項(xiàng)felldown“跌倒，倒塌”；D選項(xiàng)fellaway“消失，背離，離開，疏失”。句意：他所有的創(chuàng)業(yè)計劃全落空（告吹）了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.

Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe"actingarea"andthe"auditorium".Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect——successinhuntorballet,thecoiningrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.

Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.

1.Anappropriatetitleofthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheaterandritual?

3.Whichofthefollowingideasdoesthepassagesupport?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A."TheOriginsofTheater"

B.“TheRoleofRitualinModernDance"

C."TheImportanceofStorytelling"

D."TheWietyofEarlyReligiousActivities"

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Dance.

B.Magic.

C.Music.

D.Costumes.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Nooneissureabouttheoriginoftheater.

B.Mythsweretheultimateoriginofdrama.

C.Storytellingisanimportantpartofdrama.

D.Allreligionscamefromritualactivities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.

B.Ritualisshorterthandrama

C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandramadoes.

D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章前兩段介紹了廣泛為人接受的理論-——戲劇起源于宗教儀式。最后一段還介紹了另外兩種有關(guān)戲劇起源的理論——認(rèn)為戲劇源自人們對敘述故事的興趣，和認(rèn)為可以將戲劇的起源追溯至舞蹈。故A項(xiàng)“戲劇的起源”比較適合作文章標(biāo)題。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused(認(rèn)為戲劇從儀式演化而來的人們還認(rèn)為那些儀式包含了戲劇的基本因素，因?yàn)橐魳?、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎經(jīng)常被使用),因此B項(xiàng)“魔術(shù)”不是戲劇和儀式的基本因素。

3.判斷推理題。A:沒有人能確定戲劇的起源,B:神話是戲劇的最終起源,第一段指出:TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual(有很多關(guān)于古希臘戲劇起源的理論。其中今天最廣泛為人接受的理論是基于戲劇起源于宗教儀式的假設(shè)),由此可知A項(xiàng)正確,B項(xiàng)不正確。C:講故事是戲劇的一個重要部分,最后一段指出:Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling(另一個追溯戲劇起源的理論認(rèn)為它來自人們對敘述故事的興趣),由此可知C項(xiàng)和原文并不相符。D:所有的宗教起源于宗教儀式活動,文章并未提及。故此題選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第二段指出:此外，還有表演者，因?yàn)樵趦x式的制定中避免犯錯誤是相當(dāng)重要的，宗教領(lǐng)袖通常承擔(dān)這個任務(wù)。他們戴著面具，穿著戲服，經(jīng)常模仿其他人、動物或超自然的生物，模仿演員所期望的效果——成功模仿狩獵或芭蕾，無論晴天或雨天。這種戲劇性的表現(xiàn)最終與宗教活動分離開來。由此可看出D項(xiàng)“宗教儀式有一個宗教目的，而戲劇沒有”正確。

10.單選題

Theyarelookingforsomewayto（）theirappetite.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.satiate

B.apply

C.strengthen

D.sustain

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)satiate“充分滿足；使厭膩”；B選項(xiàng)apply“申請；涂，敷；適用”；C選項(xiàng)strengthen“加強(qiáng)；鞏固”；D選項(xiàng)sustain“維持；支撐，承擔(dān)”。句意：他們正在尋找填飽肚子的方法。此題選A，可以把“satiateappetite”理解為“填飽肚子”。

11.翻譯題

(1).Whenwetalkaboutthedangerofromanticlove,wedon'tmeandangerintheobviousheartbreakway—thecheapbetrayals,thebrokenpromises—wemeanthedarkdangerthatlurkswhensensible,educatedwomenfallforthedogmaticideathatromanticloveistheultimategoalforthemodernfemale.Everyday,thousandsoffilms,books,articlesandTVprogramshammerhomethismessage—thatwithoutromance,lifeissomehowbarren.

However,therearewomenwhoentertainthesubversivenotion,likeanintellectualmousescratchingbehindtheskirtingboard,thatperhapsthishigherloveisnotnecessarilythecelestialhighwaytoabsolutehappiness.(2).Theirempiricalsidekicksin.andtheyobservethatcoupleswhomarryinahazeofadorationandsexare,tenyearslater,throwingchinaandfightbitterlyoverwhogetsthedog.

(3).Butthewomenwhonoticethesecontradictionsareoftenafraidtospeakthemincasetheyshouldbelabeledcynics.Surelyonlythemostjadedanddamagedwouldchallengetheorthodoxyofromanticlove.Thereceivedwisdomthatthereisnotsomethingwrongwiththemodernideaofsexualloveasultimatepanacea,but(hatifyoudon'tgetit,thereissomethingwrongwithyou.Youfreak,gobackandreadthelabel.(4).Wesaytheprivilegingofromanticloveoverallothers,theinsistencethatitistheoneessential,incontrovertibleelementofhumanhappiness,tracedallthewaybacktothecaves,isatrapandasnare.Theideathateveryhumanheart,sincetheinventionofthewheel,wasyearningforitsotherhalfisamyth.

(5).Loveisahumanconstant:itistheinterpretationofitthatchanges.Thewaythatlovehasbeenexpressed,itssignificanceindailylife,haveneverbeenimmutableorconstant.Thedifferentkindsofloveandwhattheysignifyarenotfixed,whateverthetraditionalistsmayliketotellyou.

Sothemodernideathatromanticloveisawoman'shighestcalling,thatsheissomehowonlyhalfapersonwithoutit,thatifshequestionsitsheisgoingagainstallhumanhistory,doesnotstanduptoscrutiny.Itisnotanimperativecarvedinstone;itisahumanidea,andhumanbeingsarefrailandsuggestible,andsometimesgetthewrongendofthestick.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

【答案】1.當(dāng)說到浪漫愛情的危險時,我們并不是指顯而易見令人心碎的危險一可恥的背叛、破碎的誓言——而是指當(dāng)明智的知識女性對教條主義思想信以為真,即浪漫的愛情是現(xiàn)代女性的終極目標(biāo)時,潛伏著的隱秘危險。

2.她們的閱歷經(jīng)驗(yàn)開始發(fā)揮作用,她們注意到,出于愛慕和性而結(jié)婚的夫妻十年以后卻在互相摔碗,為生活中一點(diǎn)小事而大打出手。

3.然而,觀察到這些反差的女性往往很怕談?wù)撨@些,生怕被他人冠以憤世嫉俗之名。當(dāng)然,只有那些最厭倦、受傷最深的女性才會挑戰(zhàn)浪漫愛情的正統(tǒng)地位。

4.我們認(rèn)為：賦予浪漫愛情特權(quán)使其凌駕于一切之上,并強(qiáng)調(diào)愛情是構(gòu)成人類幸福一個基本的、無可爭議的要素,即便追溯到洞穴社會,這也是一種圈套和陷阱。

5.愛情是人類不變的追求;改變的只是對愛情的闡釋。愛情的表達(dá)方式以及它在日常生活的意義從來都不是永恒不變或始終如一的。

12.單選題

ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.Itistoofarsouthtobeaconvenientstoponthewaytoanywhereelseandismuchfartherthanarelativelycheaphalf-dayflightawayfromthebigtouristmarkets,unlikeMexico,forexample.Chile,therefore,isfightinghardtoattracttourists,toconvincetravelersthatitisworthcominghalfwayroundtheworldtovisit.ItissucceedinginexistingmarketsliketheUSAandWesternEuropebutnotinnewterritories,inparticulartheFarEast.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.

LikeallSouthAmericancountries,Chileseestourismasavaluableearnerofforeigncurrency,althoughithasbeenfarmoreseriousthanmostinpromotingitsimageabroad.Relativelystablepoliticallywithintheregion,ithasbenefitedfromtheproblemssufferedinotherareas.InPeru,guerrillawarfareinrecentyearshasdealtaheavyblowtothetouristindustryandfearofstreetcrimeinBrazilhasreducedtheattractionofRiodeJaneiroasadreamdestinationforforeigners.Morethan150,000peoplearedirectlyinvolvedinChilestouristsector,anindustrywhichearnsthecountrymorethanUS$950millioneachyear.Thestate-runNationalTourismService,inpartnershipwithanumberofprivatecompanies,iscurrentlyrunningaworldwidecampaign,takingpartintradefairsandinternationaleventstoattractvisitorstoChile.Chile’sgreatstrengthasatouristdestinationisitsgeographicaldiversity.FromtheparchedAtacamaDesertinthenorthtotheAntarcticsnowfieldsofthesouth,itismorethan5,000kmlong.WiththePacificononesideandtheAndeanmountainsontheother,Chileboastsnaturalattractions.ItsbeachesarenotuptoCaribbeanstandardsbutresortssuchasVinadelMararcgenerallycleanandunspoiltandhaveahighstandardofservices.ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange.

Thereareanumberofexcellentskiresortswithinonehour'sdriveofthecapital,Santiago,andthenationalparksinthesoutharehometorareanimalandplantspecies.Theparksalreadyattractspecialist,visitors,includingmountaineers,whocometoclimbthetechnicallydifficultpeaks,andfishermen,luredbythesalmonandtroutintheregion'srivers.However,infrastructuraldevelopmentintheseareasislimited.TheskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsastheirEuropeancounterpartsandpartpoorqualityofroadsinthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravelersseethebestofthenationalparks.AirlinksbetweenChileandtherestoftheworldare,atpresent,relativelypoor.WhileChile'stwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberofroutestotheUSandEuropewhileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks.NorisdevelopmentbeingrestrictedtotheAndes.EasterIslandandChile'sAntarcticTerritoryarealsoonthelistofareaswheretheGovernmentbelievesitcancreatetouristmarkets.Buttherushtoopenhithertoinaccessibleareastomasstourismisnotbeingwelcomedbyeveryone.Indigenousandenvironmentalgroups,includingGreenpeace,saythatmanypartsoftheAndeswillsufferiftheybecomeover-developed.

ThereisagenuinefearthatareasofChilewillsuffertheculturaldestructionwitnessedinMexicoandEuropeanresorts.ThepolicyofopeningupAntarcticatotourismisalsopoliticallysensitive.Chilealreadyhaspermanentsettleme