考研考博-英語-信陽職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-信陽職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingthan______time,itmustbeactive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spending

B.passing

C.wasting

D.idling

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.spending花費(fèi)B.passing通過

C.wasting浪費(fèi)D.idling混時(shí)間，無所事事

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由前半句句子意思“如果閱讀是完成一件事，而不是______時(shí)間”可知，空格處應(yīng)該表示“消磨時(shí)間”，passtime表示“消磨時(shí)間、打發(fā)時(shí)間”。因此，B項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)spendtime（花費(fèi)時(shí)間）、C選項(xiàng)wastetime（浪費(fèi)時(shí)間）和D選項(xiàng)idletime（停工時(shí)間、空閑時(shí)間）不符合句子意思。

【句意】如果閱讀是完成一件事，而不是消磨時(shí)間，那么它必須是積極的。

2.單選題

Thesearestudentswho,atsomestageoftheirundergraduatecareers,leaveclass,either（）,orbecausetheyareaskedtodoso.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.voluntarily

B.selectively

C.compulsorily

D.necessarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。voluntarily“自動(dòng)地”；selectively“有選擇地”；compulsorily“強(qiáng)制地；強(qiáng)迫地”；necessarily“必要地；必定地”。句意：在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)生涯的某個(gè)階段，一些學(xué)生或______或被迫離開課堂。根據(jù)句意可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.翻譯題

坦白說有壓力是我們所有人正常生活狀態(tài)里的一部分，重要的是我們不能讓壓力攪亂我們的生活，或者讓壓力超出了我們的控制范圍，即使空閑時(shí)間是奢侈的，也請(qǐng)擠出幾分鐘或幾小時(shí)放松自己，這是自我愛護(hù)的重要的部分，那么你就有了理由，喝杯咖啡或是撤銷今晚計(jì)劃的理由，最終你擁有了屬于你自己的空間。

【答案】Frankly,thereisstressallofusinanormalpartoflife,butthekeyismakingsureitdoesn’trunourlivesorgrowoutofcontrol.Evenwhenfreetimeisaluxury,squeezeoutafewminutesorhourstorelaxisanimportantpartofself-care.Sothereyouhaveit—anexcusetotakeacoffeebreakorcancelyourplanstonight,andfinallymakesometimeforyou.

4.單選題

TheMalaysianadministrationruledthattheevidenceaboutthemissingMH370wasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwasimpertinent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.irrational

B.unreasonable

C.invalid

D.irrelevant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。impertinent意為“不相干的，不恰當(dāng)?shù)模淮拄數(shù)摹保籭rrational意為“不合理的，荒謬的”；unreasonable意為“不合理的，荒唐的”；invalid意為“無效的”；irrelevant意為“無關(guān)緊要的，不相關(guān)的”。

句意：馬來西亞政府裁定，關(guān)于失蹤的MH370的證據(jù)是不可接受的，因?yàn)樗遣幌嚓P(guān)的。

5.單選題

Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably（

）reportwithinafewhundredwordsbutwithalltheimportantdetailsincluded.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concise

B.brisk

C.precise

D.elaborate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concise“簡明的；簡潔的”；B選項(xiàng)brisk“敏銳的；活潑的；輕快的”；C選項(xiàng)precise“精確的；明確的；嚴(yán)格的”；D選項(xiàng)elaborate“精心制作的；詳盡的；煞費(fèi)苦心的”。句意：新秘書寫了一份出色的……報(bào)告，只有幾百字，但包括了所有重要的細(xì)節(jié)?！爸挥袔装僮帧闭f明這篇報(bào)告是“簡潔的”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Theadvertisementsaysthismaterialdoesn’tinthewash,butithas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contract

B.shrink

C.slim

D.dissolve

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。contract縮短，感染；shrink收縮，縮水；slim使苗條；dissolve溶解，解散，消失。

句意：.廣告上說這種料子洗的時(shí)候不會(huì)縮水，但它確實(shí)縮水了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.翻譯題

1.Butisitreallythecase?TheinformationI’vecollectedoverlastfewyearsleadsmetobelievethatartisticandculturalprojectsmaybelessusefulthanmanygovernmentsthink.Infact,basicinfrastructureprojectsareplayingextremelyimportantroleandshouldbegivenpriority.

2.Thosewhoareinfavorofartisticandculturalprojectsadvocatethatculturalenvironmentwillattractmoretourists,whichwillbringhugeprofitstolocalresidents.Somepeopleevenequatethebuildingofsuchprojectswiththeimprovingofeconomicconstruction.

3.Thereisagrowingtendencythesedaysformanypeoplewholiveinruralareastocomeintoandworkincity.Thisproblemhascausedwidepublicconcerninmostcitiesallovertheworld.Aninvestigationshowsthatmanyemigrantsthinkthatworkingatcityprovidethemwithnotonlyahighersalarybutalsotheopportunityoflearningnewskills.

4.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,Ifirmlybelievethattimewillprovethattraditionaltechnologyandmethodswoulddieoutwiththedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology.Themaintenanceofthetraditionaltechnologyandmethodsisfutile.

5.Todayanincreasingnumberofpeoplehaverealizedthatlaweducationisofgreatimportance.Inordertokeeplawandorder,everyoneofusissupposedtogetalaweducation.

【答案】1.但這是真的嗎？這些年我收集的信息讓我相信這些文化、藝術(shù)項(xiàng)目并沒有許多政府想象的那么重要。事實(shí)上，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)非常重要，應(yīng)該放在首位。

2.那些贊成建設(shè)文化藝術(shù)項(xiàng)目的人認(rèn)為文化環(huán)境會(huì)吸引更多的游客，這將給當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駧砭薮蟮睦?。一些人甚至把建設(shè)文化藝術(shù)項(xiàng)目與發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)等同起來。

3.農(nóng)民進(jìn)城打工正成為增長的趨勢(shì)。這一問題在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍關(guān)注。一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示很多民工認(rèn)為在城市打工不但有較高的收入，而且能學(xué)到一些新技術(shù)。

4.通過以上討論，我堅(jiān)定地相信時(shí)間會(huì)證明傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)方法將會(huì)隨著現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的發(fā)展而消亡，堅(jiān)持傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)方法是徒勞的。

5.現(xiàn)在，越來越多的人認(rèn)識(shí)到了法制教育的重要性。為了維護(hù)社會(huì)治安，我們每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該接受法制教育。

8.單選題

Wearedoingthisworkinthe（

）ofreformsintheeconomic,socialandculturalsphere

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.context

B.contest

C.texture

D.pretext

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我們正在經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化改革的背景下開展這項(xiàng)工作。

考查名詞辨析。Context上下文,環(huán)境,背景;contest比賽,競(jìng)爭(zhēng);texture質(zhì)地,紋理;pretext借口,托辭。因此A符合句意。

9.單選題

SecretaryOfStateKerrysaidthatit’simportantforpeopleintheworldnotto（

）allegedterroristsbuttounderscoretheimportanceoftheruleoflaw.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sympathizewith

B.getalongwith

C.referto

D.respondto

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)sympathizewith表示“同情，與……產(chǎn)生共鳴”；B選項(xiàng)getalongwith表示“與……和睦相處，取得進(jìn)展”；C選項(xiàng)referto表示“參考，涉及，指的是”；D選項(xiàng)respondto表示“響應(yīng)”。由句意可知，國務(wù)卿克里表示，對(duì)世界人民來講，重要的不是同情所謂的恐怖分子，而是要強(qiáng)調(diào)法治的重要性。因此，A選項(xiàng)的詞義更符合句意，故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

______,Edwardcouldn’thelpbutresenthowinsignificanthismothermadehimfeel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Warmheartedashewas

B.Thathewaswarm-hearted

C.Thoughwarm-heartedhewas

D.Warm-heartedalthoughhewas

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Warm-heartedashewas盡管他是個(gè)熱心腸的B.Thathewaswarm-hearted他是個(gè)熱心腸的

C.Thoughwarm-heartedhewas盡管他是個(gè)熱心腸的D.Warm-heartedalthoughhewas盡管他是個(gè)熱心腸的

【考查點(diǎn)】倒裝句。

【解題思路】該句考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句放句首要進(jìn)行部分倒裝，一般是將表語或狀語提前，即名詞/動(dòng)詞/形容詞/副詞+as/though+主語+謂語，所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

C項(xiàng)應(yīng)該把warm-hearted放句首；

B項(xiàng)是一個(gè)主語從句，但題干不缺主語成分；

D項(xiàng)although不倒裝。

【句意】盡管愛德華是個(gè)熱心腸的人，但他還是忍不住對(duì)母親讓他覺得自己微不足道感到氣憤。

11.單選題

Davos2013isshapinguptobetheyearwhentheforum'sbankparticipantstrytofadeintothebackgroundandfinallyputthefinancialcrisisbehindthem.Publicpanelsincludeonlytwoorthreedevotedtofinancialservices.Atthemoreproductiveprivatemeetingsatthefringes,bankerssaydiscussionismoreupbeatthanithas-beensincethecrisisbeganhalfadecadeago.Improvingeurozonesentimentandaslowlybrighteningmoodamongbanks'corporateclientsishearteningforbankers.Allthesamenoonecanletgoofthetopicthathasmostvexedthemforyears:ever-increasingregulation.

Onthecoreeurozonediscussion,thetoneisofcautiousoptimism.“Thesystemisslowlycomingbacktolife,”saidoneinvestmentbankboss,pointingtosteadysignsofeurozonerecovery,mostrecentlyevidentinthisweek’sSpanishsovereigndebtauction.“There’sdefinitelyachangeoftone,”addedtheboardmemberofaUSbank.“Ourclientsaredefinitelymoreupbeat.”Aroundthataveragesentimentviewsrangedwidely,stretchingfromthecomplacenttothedoomladen.“It’shardtoseewhatcouldgowrong,”saidoneinvestmentbankboss.ThatwasinstarkcontrastwithawarningfromAxelWeber,chairmanofUBSandformerpresidentofGermany’sBundesbank,whosaidthatpatchworkfixesbycentralbankswerejustdisguisingproblemsthatwillreturn."We’reJivingabetterlifenowattheexpenseoffuturegenerations,”Mr.Webersaid.

AsatrecentDavosforums,theregulatoryagendahasprovidedafocus.Bankersthisyearhavebemoanedthebreakdowninaninternationalregulatoryframework.Mr.Webersaid:“Youneedaglobalstandard.Butthisisnothappening."Hewarnedthat,withoutaharmonizedrulebook,thedangersintheglobalbankingsystemwouldincrease.Hecontrastedthe“Alpine”capitalrequirementsinSwitzerlandwiththediversestructuralreformsunderwayintheUS,theUKandpotentiallytheEU.

Worsestillwasthefailureofpolicymakerstolookacrossthefinancialservicesindustryandjoinupthethinkingonhowbanksandinsurersshouldberegulated,criticssaid.OnechiefexecutiveofalargeUSfinancialgroupsaidtheregulatorysituationwas"reallyhorrific"."Ifyoutakeanicebusinessliketheinsurancebusiness,"thechiefexecutivesaid."Here'sanindustrythatwentthroughthecrisisandhadalmostnoproblems.They'veputinawholenewregulatoryregimetomakesuretheycan'tmakemoney.It'sastonishing."Anotherbankbosssaidprivatelyhewas"extremelyworried"abouttheinabilityofEuropeaninsurancecompaniestofinancebanks,undertheprospectiveSolvencyIIrules.TidjaneThiam,chiefexecutiveofUKinsurerPrudential,said:"Thereisalackofjoined-upthinking.TheinsuranceindustryistraditionallythebiggestinvestorinthebankingindustrybutSolvencyIIsayswecan'tinvestinbanks."

Frictionwasalsoevidentbetweeninvestorsandcompanies,particularlyfinancialgroups.PaulSinger,headofElliottCapitalManagement,slammedbanksfor"completelyopaque’’disclosuresthatmadeitimpossibletoknowwhethertheywere“riskyorsound”.Mostperniciousofallamongtheregulatoryinitiativeswasthecontinuing-andarguablyworsening-senseofuncertaintyoverwhatregulatorsandpoliticianshaveinmindnext,particularlyinEurope.

1.HowwouldyoucharacterizetheatmosphereatDavosforums2013?

2.AxelWeberwouldmostprobablyarguethat（

）.

3.Itmaybeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

4.Theregulatorysituationisinabadshapeinthat（

）.

5."Completelyopaquedisclosures”inthelastparagraphreferstothefactthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Transitional.

B.Proactive.

C.Frictional.

D.Sanguine.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.futuregenerationswillhavetopayforthelifewelivetoday

B.wearelivingabetterlifethanfuturegenerations

C.centralbankswillcomebackwithsolutionstothefinancialproblems

D.measurestakensofarhavenotbeeneffectiveenough

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereisalackofconsensusamongbankerswithregardtowhoshouldbeheldresponsibleforthefinancialcrisis

B.bankparticipantsatrecentDavosforumsbelievethattheyneedmoreprivatediscussionsofthefinancialissuesthanpublicones

C.problemswouldcomebacktohaunttheworldfinancialsectorwithoutaunifiedregulatoryregime

D.expertsarguethatabookshouldbewrittenandpublishedthatdiscussesthevariousstructuralreformsbeingundertaken

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.comprehensivestudyofthefinancialsectorisabsent

B.aregulatoryframeworkisabsent

C.financialsectorregulationlacksfocus

D.banksandinsurancecompanieshaveconflictinginterests

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.banksfailtodiscovertherealcausesofthecrisis

B.banksfailtounveiltheirfinancialconditions

C.banksdonothavesufficientinformationonthemarket

D.banksdonotfullyoperatewiththecompanies

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Atthemoreproductiveprivatemeetingsatthefringes,bankerssaydiscussionismoreupbeatthanithas-beensincethecrisisbeganhalfadecadeago.”，可知銀行家們表示，在會(huì)議間隙更富有成效的私人交談上，討論的氣氛比5年前危機(jī)爆發(fā)以來的任何時(shí)候都要樂觀?？赏茢喑?013年達(dá)沃斯論壇的氣氛是樂觀的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“ThatwasinstarkcontrastwithawarningfromAxelWeber,chairmanofUBSandformerpresidentofGermany’sBundesbank,whosaidthatpatchworkfixesbycentralbankswerejustdisguisingproblemsthatwillreturn.”，可知AxelWeber對(duì)于金融業(yè)的問題提出了警告，并且表示各國央行的零零碎碎的修補(bǔ)措施只是在掩蓋將會(huì)重現(xiàn)的問題。所以他認(rèn)為目前采取的措施還不夠有效。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段開頭，“AsatrecentDavosforums,theregulatoryagendahasprovidedafocus.Bankersthisyearhavebemoanedthebreakdowninaninternationalregulatoryframework.Mr.Webersaid:‘Youneedaglobalstandard.Butthisisnothappening.’”，可知監(jiān)管議程成為了關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，銀行家們紛紛哀嘆監(jiān)管框架的崩潰，Weber表示全球是需要一個(gè)統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，擔(dān)這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還沒出現(xiàn)?？赏茢喑鋈绻麤]有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的監(jiān)管體制，問題將再次困擾全球金融業(yè)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Worsestillwasthefailureofpolicymakerstolookacrossthefinancialservicesindustryandjoinupthethinkingonhowbanksandinsurersshouldberegulated.”，可知更糟糕的是，政策制定者未能放眼整個(gè)金融服務(wù)業(yè)，并就如何監(jiān)管銀行和保險(xiǎn)公司的聯(lián)合監(jiān)管開展思考。根據(jù)文段“…theregulatorysituationwas‘reallyhorrific’”，可知最終的結(jié)果為監(jiān)管形勢(shì)真的很糟糕。所以監(jiān)管形式糟糕的原因在于對(duì)整個(gè)金融業(yè)的監(jiān)管缺乏重心和重點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Frictionwasalsoevidentbetweeninvestorsandcompanies,particularlyfinancialgroups.”，可知投資者和企業(yè)之間的摩擦很明顯，尤其是一些金融集團(tuán)。下文用ElliottCapitalManagement作為例子進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的說明，可知埃利奧特資本管理公司對(duì)銀行不透明的信息披露表示不滿，導(dǎo)致投資者難以判斷處境是危險(xiǎn)的還是安全的，可見銀行并沒有給投資者帶來有效的信息以及相應(yīng)的合作和幫助。所以這里的“Completelyopaquedisclosures”就是指銀行并沒有完全和企業(yè)合作。

12.單選題

Ifyourevealyourfriend’ssecrets,youwill（

）him.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lure

B.disturb

C.alienate

D.control

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)lure“誘惑”；B選項(xiàng)disturb“打擾，妨礙”；C選項(xiàng)alienate“使疏遠(yuǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)control“控制”。句意：如果你揭露朋友的秘密，你將會(huì)和他疏遠(yuǎn)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

13.單選題

（

）downthanthetelephonerang.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.NotuntilIlay

B.NosoonerhadIlain

C.HardlyhadIlain

D.ScarcelydidIlie

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝句。lie“躺；位于”，其過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞分別是：lay,lain,lying；lay“放，擱，下蛋”，其過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞分別是：laid,laid,laying。句意：我剛躺下，電話就響了。Nosonner…than…為固定句式，且前半句需要部分倒裝，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

Beingcriticalanddictatorial,thebosswould（）discussionsandignorecommentsnotinagreementswithhis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.facilitate

B.illustrate

C.illuminate

D.dominate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)facilitate“促進(jìn)、幫助”；B選項(xiàng)illustrate“說明、闡明”；C選項(xiàng)illuminate“說明、照亮”；D選項(xiàng)dominate“控制、支配”，句意為：由于老板的挑剔和獨(dú)裁，他會(huì)主導(dǎo)討論，忽視與他意見不一致的意見。因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

15.填空題

WhenIwasyoungIalways（1）tobecomeascientist,butattheageof18I（2）myparents'adviceanddecidedtostudylawinstead.NowadaysIthinkthiswasamistake.WhenIlookbackonmylife,I（3）mydecision.（4）,theseisnothingthatIcandoaboutitnow.

【答案】1.wanted

2.took

3.regret

4.unfortunately

【解析】1.語義題。句意:在我年輕時(shí)，我經(jīng)常想成為科學(xué)家。

2.固定搭配。Takesomeone’sadvice聽從某人建議

3.語義題?？崭袂啊癿istake錯(cuò)誤”一詞可推測(cè)此處句意為:當(dāng)我回顧我的人生時(shí)，我后悔我的決定。

4.語義題。句意:遺憾的是現(xiàn)在我不能為我的決定做任何事情。

16.單選題

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】C

【解析】考查同形詞辨析。incredible“難以置信的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；incredulous“懷疑的，不輕信的”；indifferent“冷漠的”，根據(jù)Ifinallyconvincedhim“我最終說服了他”可知此處表達(dá)的意思是他剛開始聽到消息的時(shí)候是不相信的，所以此處應(yīng)該使用形容詞incredulous，incredible是形容事物難以使人相信，而不是形容人。句意：當(dāng)他聽到那個(gè)意外的消息時(shí)是……，但是我最終還是說服了他。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

17.單選題

Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatand_______forusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredient

B.reliance

C.shelter

D.inclination

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義解析。ingredient“要素，組成部分”，reliance“信賴”；shelter“庇護(hù)，避難所”；inclination“傾向，愛好”。句意：多我們來說知識(shí)是舒適而必要的歸宿在我們年老的時(shí)候，如果年輕時(shí)不開始，年老的時(shí)候它就不會(huì)給我們遮陰。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

18.單選題

Desertanimals（）ameansofretainingmoistureinsuchahot,dryclimateiftheyaretosurvive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.needing

B.toneed

C.needed

D.need

【答案】D

【解析】句中缺少謂語,選項(xiàng)A和B不能做謂語,首先排除；再根據(jù)前后謂語需保持一致的原則,可知選項(xiàng)D正確。

19.單選題

Itisnotavoicewerecognizeatonce,[A]whereasourownhandwritingissomething[B]whichwe[C]almostalwaysknow.Webeginthenaturallearningofpronunciationlongbeforewestartlearningtoreadorwrite,andinourearlyyearswe[D]goonunconsciouslyimitatingandpracticingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanyhourseveryday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whereas

B.which

C.almostalways

D.goon

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。在限制性定語從句中，先行詞是something等不定代詞時(shí)，要用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。應(yīng)將B選項(xiàng)which改為that。

20.單選題

Belyinghisearlierreputationfor（

）asanegotiator,Morganhadrecentlyassumedamore（

）stanceforwhichmanyofhiserstwhilecriticspraisedhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inflexibility...unreasonable

B.impropriety...oscillatory

C.intransigence...tolerant

D.success...authoritative

【答案】C

【解析】名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的inflexibility“不屈性，頑固”；unreasonable“不合理的，不公正的”；B選項(xiàng)的impropriety“不合適，不恰當(dāng)”；oscillatory“振動(dòng)的，動(dòng)搖的，變動(dòng)的"；C選項(xiàng)的intransigence“不妥協(xié)，強(qiáng)硬”；tolerant“忍受的，容忍的，寬容的”；D選項(xiàng)的success“成功，勝利”；authoritative“命令式的，專斷的，權(quán)威式的”。根據(jù)句意‘與他先前亳不讓步的談判者的聲譽(yù)相反，摩根近來采取了一種更為緩和的立場(chǎng)，所以許多他先前的批判者轉(zhuǎn)而稱贊他’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

21.翻譯題

Rationalchoicetheory

Rationalchoicetheory,alsoknownaschoicetheoryorrationalactiontheory,isaframeworkforunderstandingandoftenformallymodeling,socialandeconomicbehavior.Rationality,interpretedas“wantingmoreratherthanlessofagood’’，iswidelyusedasanassumptionofthebehaviorofindividualsinmacroeconomicmodelsandanalysisandappearsinalmostalleconomicstextbooktreatmentsofhumandecision-making.Itisalsocentraltosomeofmodempoliticalscience,sociology,andphilosophy.Itattaches“wantingmore”toinstrumentalrationality,whichinvolvesseekingthemostcost-effectivemeanstoachieveaspecificgoalwithoutreflectingontheworthinessofthatgoal.GaryBackerwasanearlyproponentofapplyingrationalactormodelsmorewidely.Hewonthe1992NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencesforhisstudiesofdiscrimination,crime,andhumancapital.

Inrationalchoicetheory,thesecostsareonlyextrinsicorexternaltotheindividualratherthanbeingintrinsicorinternal.Thatis,strictrationalchoicetheorywouldnotseeacriminal’sself-punishmentbyinnerfeelingsofremorse,guilt,orshameasrelevanttodeterminingthecostsofcommittingacrime.Ingeneral,rationalchoicetheorydoesnotaddresstheroleofanindividual’ssenseofmoralsorethicsindecision-making.Thus,economicsNoblestAmartyaSenseesthemodelofpeoplewhofollowrationalchoicemodelas“rationalfools”.

【答案】理性選擇理論

理性選擇理論，也被稱為選擇理論或理性行為理論，是用于理解社會(huì)，正式對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)行為的框架。理性，被解釋為“對(duì)最大利益的追求”，在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)模型中被廣泛用作個(gè)人行為的假設(shè)，并出現(xiàn)在幾乎所有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教科書中關(guān)于人類決策的處理。它也是現(xiàn)代政治學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)和哲學(xué)的中心。它將“想要更多”與理性工具聯(lián)系起來，這涉及到尋求最經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的手段來實(shí)現(xiàn)特定目標(biāo)，而不考慮該目標(biāo)的價(jià)值。GaryBacker是更廣泛地運(yùn)用理性行為者模式的早期支持者，他因研究歧視、犯罪和人力資本而獲得1992年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

在理性選擇理論中，這些成本僅是非本質(zhì)的或外部的，而不是本質(zhì)的或者內(nèi)部的。也就是說，嚴(yán)格的理性選擇理論不會(huì)根據(jù)罪犯的內(nèi)心的悔恨，內(nèi)疚，或羞愧等自我懲罰以確定犯罪的成本。一般來說，理性選擇理論并不涉及個(gè)人道德或倫理意識(shí)在決策中的作用。因此，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者AmartyaSen認(rèn)為，遵循理性選擇模式的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。

22.單選題

I’dratheryou（）bytrain,becauseIcan’tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbadweather.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.went

B.wouldgo

C.shouldgo

D.hadgone

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。wouldrather后接句子時(shí)，句子謂語習(xí)慣上要用虛擬語氣，常用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿＞湟猓何覍幵改阕疖嚾?，因?yàn)槲覠o法忍受你在這種糟糕的天氣還要乘飛機(jī)的想法。動(dòng)詞go的一般過去式為went，故選A。

23.單選題

（

）isknowntotheworld,MarkTwinisagreatAmericanwriter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.That

B.Which

C.As

D.It

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。Asisknownto…“眾所周知”。句意：眾所周知，馬克吐溫是一位偉大的美國作家。故C項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Thecarwasingoodworking（）whenIboughtitafewmonthsago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.order

B.form

C.state

D.circumstance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)order表示“條理，順序，命令”，B選項(xiàng)form表示“形態(tài)，方式，外形，表格”，C選項(xiàng)state表示“狀態(tài)，狀況”，D選項(xiàng)circumstance表示“情況，環(huán)境，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”。

由句意可知，我?guī)讉€(gè)月前買這輛車時(shí)候，它的運(yùn)作狀態(tài)還是很好的。短語ingoodorder表示“性能良好”；而ingoodform表示“很健康、高興，狀態(tài)佳”，常用來形容人；其余選項(xiàng)則沒有這樣的搭配。因此，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

25.單選題

Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.backs

B.necks

C.toes

D.heels

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。onone’sheels是固定短語，意思是“緊隨其后”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意：小偷到處逃竄，當(dāng)?shù)鼐旄F追不舍。

26.翻譯題

1999年，中國開始進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)。2004年年底,60歲以上的人口達(dá)到1.43億，占全國人口總數(shù)的10.97%。至此，中國成為世界上擁有最多老齡人口的國家。有專家說1990年到2033年是中國的“人口紅利”(populationbonus)期,出生率下降，老齡人口還不算太多，這一時(shí)期是有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的。

2010年到2013年中國勞動(dòng)力人口將達(dá)到9億人，在這之后“紅利”會(huì)變成“赤字”，也就是說，這以后需要照顧的老齡人口會(huì)迅速增加。據(jù)說2030年后的二十年是中國老齡化最嚴(yán)峻的時(shí)期。因此，要做好充分準(zhǔn)備，好好利用人口紅利期來解決嚴(yán)重的老齡化問題。

有報(bào)告稱，中國是典型的成為富裕國家前就面臨老齡化社會(huì)的國家。這是長期的問題，也需要很長時(shí)間才能解決。中國一直堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃生育政策，人口增長的趨勢(shì)得到了有效的控制。據(jù)估計(jì)，中國到2030年的總?cè)丝趯⑦_(dá)到14.65億，屆時(shí)會(huì)面臨老齡化和人口出生率下降兩大壓力，這也一定會(huì)給國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展帶來巨大的壓力。

這份報(bào)告還指出，中國在解決老齡化問題的意識(shí)、條件及法規(guī)上都嚴(yán)重滯后，因此，必須把這個(gè)問題的解決納人到未來國家發(fā)展策略中。我們要及早關(guān)注老齡化人口的醫(yī)療資源，完善社會(huì)保障體系。在老齡人口達(dá)到頂峰前，建立一個(gè)健全的國家性社會(huì)保障機(jī)制。

【答案】Since1999,Chinahasenteredintoasituationoftheagingsociety.Therewillbe143millionChineseaged60orover,accountingfor10.97percentofthepopulationtotheendof2004.Atthispoint,ChinabecamethecountrywhohavethelargestnumberofAgingpopulation.SomeexpertssaythatitisChina’spopulationbonusbetween1990and2033whenbirthrateisdecreasedandthenumberofoldpeopleisnottoomuch,whichhelpstodeveloptheeconomies.

Thetotalworkingagepopulationwillreach900millionfrom2010to2013.Afterthat,the“populationbonus”willturn“demographicdeficit”,whichmeansthatcaringfortheincreasingnumberofelderlypeoplewillgrowsrapidly.ItissaidthattheworstofthecrisisforChina’sagingpopulationhitthetwentyyearsafter2030.Therefore,weshouldbewellpreparedsoastodealwiththeseriousproblemofagednessbymakingfulluseofpopulationdividend.

Chinaisthetypicalcountryfacingtheagingpopulationbeforebeingrichoneaccordingtoareport.It’sgoingtobeaperennialproblemandcouldtakealongtimetoresolve.Chinahasstucktoitsfamily-planningpolicytoefficientlycontrolthetendencyofincreasingpopulation.ItisestimatedthatChina’stotalpopulationwillreach1.465billionin2030whenthegovernmentwouldfaceanagingpopulationandadecreasedbirthrate,whichwillalsoblockthedevelopmentofeconomyandsociety.

Thereportalsopointsoutthatforchinathereareseriouslagsintheconsciousness,therealityofconditionsandtherelevantregulationsaboutagingpopulation,andthusweshouldputitintotheoverallnationaldevelopmentstrategiclayout.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothemedicalresourcesontheagingpopulationsasearlyaspossible,improvethesocialsafetynet,andsetuptheall-sidedguaranteeingsystembeforetheagingpopulationreachesthepeak.

27.單選題

CulturalcontinuitieswithAfricawerenotdependentonimportationand（

）ofspecificfolktalesintheirpristineform.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perpetuation

B.perceptibility

C.perpetration

D.perplexity

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perpetuation“不朽；永存”；B選項(xiàng)perceptibility“感覺力；理解力”；C選項(xiàng)perpetration“犯罪；做壞事”；D選項(xiàng)perplexity“困惑；混亂”。句意：非洲的文化連續(xù)性并不依賴于原始形式的特定民間故事的輸入和……。聯(lián)系句意可知A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

28.單選題

Theymightbewillingtomovefromcountrytocountry,untiltheyendupinabackwaternationwithnolawsorlawmakerstospeakof,andcanproceedwiththeirmiserably_______experiments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.well-built

B.ill-conceived

C.well-groomed

D.ill-bred

【答案】B

【解析】well-built體格健美的,體型勻稱的;ill-conceived沒有想好的;計(jì)劃不周的;well-groomed被小心照料的，整潔的;ill-bred缺乏教養(yǎng)的;粗魯?shù)摹＞湟猓核麄兛赡茉敢鈴囊粋€(gè)國家遷移到另一個(gè)國家，直到他們最終生活在一個(gè)沒有法律或立法者的落后國家，這樣就能夠繼續(xù)進(jìn)行他們?cè)愀獾挠?jì)劃不周的實(shí)驗(yàn)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

29.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

經(jīng)過改革開放30多年的努力，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力不斷增強(qiáng)，國民生產(chǎn)總值大幅提升。中國人口多、底子薄，面臨城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡、科技創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)等問題。中國要實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的目標(biāo)還需要長期艱苦奮斗。中國面臨的問題只有通過發(fā)展才能解決。我們將堅(jiān)持把發(fā)展作為第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，努力推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)又好又快發(fā)展。

【答案】Overthepast30yearssincereformandopening-up,China’seconomyhasenjoyedcontinuousgrowthanditsGDPhasrisentoamuchhigherlevel.China,acountrywithabigpopulationandweakeconomicfoundation,isconfrontedwithsomechallenges,includingdevelopmentdisparitiesbetweentheurbanandruralareasandamongdifferentregions,inadequateinnovationcapabilitiesandsoon.Toachievemodernization,wemustmakepersistentandstrenuouseffort.Andwecanonlyovercomeourdifficultiesthroughdevelopment.Wewillcontinuetotakedevelopmentasourtoppriorityandmakeeveryefforttoachievesoundandrapideconomicandsocialdevelopment.

30.單選題

HiseffortstobringaboutareconciliationbetweenthetwoParties（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cameoff

B.cameon

C.cameround

D.camedown

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A選項(xiàng)comeoff“舉行，發(fā)生；實(shí)現(xiàn)，成功”；B選項(xiàng)comeon“逐漸開始，催促”；C選項(xiàng)comeround/around“恢復(fù)（知覺），還原”；D選項(xiàng)comedown“跌落，失去財(cái)富或地位，傳遞”。句意：他為促成雙方和解而付出的努力取得了成功。結(jié)合此處語境，A選項(xiàng)正確。

31.單選題

Between1897and1919,atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayed______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasproduced

B.havebeenproduced

C.wouldhaveproduced

D.hadbeenproduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：1897年至1919年間，至少29部出現(xiàn)人造生命的電影被制作出來。根據(jù)主語motionpictures和謂語動(dòng)詞produce的關(guān)系確定用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，根據(jù)事件發(fā)生在過去以及wereportrayed確定用過去完成時(shí)，D選項(xiàng)hadbeenproduced符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

32.單選題

Indevelopingamodelofcognition,wemustrecognizethatperceptionoftheexternalworlddoesnotalwaysremainindependentofmotivation.Whileprogresstowardmaturityispositivelycorrelatedwithdifferentiationbetweenmotivationandcognition,tensionwill,eveninthematureadult,militate(產(chǎn)生作用或影響)towardsanarrowingoftherangeofperception.Cognitioncanbeseenasthefirststepinthesequenceeventsleadingfromtheexternalstimulustothebehavioroftheindividual.Thechilddevelopsfrombeliefthatallthingsareanextensionofitsownbodytotherecognitionthatobjectsexistindependentofhisperception.Hebeginstodemonstrateawareness,ofpeopleandthingswhichareremovedfromhissensoryapparatusandinitiatesgoal-directedbehaviors.Hemay,however,refusetorecognizetheexistenceofbarrierstotheattainmentofhisgoal,despitethefactthathiscognitionoftheseobjectshasbeenpreviouslydemonstrated.

Intheprimitivebeings,goal-directedbehaviorcanbeverysimplemotivated.Thepresenceofanattractiveobjectwillcauseaninfanttoreachforit;itsremovalwillresultinthecessationofthataction.Studieshaveshownnoevidenceoftheinfant’sfrustration;rather,itappearsthattheinfant’sattentiontotheattractiveobjectincreasesasaresultofitsnotbeinginhisgrasp.Infact,ifheholdsatoyandanotherispresented,heislikelytodropthefirstinordertoclutchthesecond.Often,oncehehastheonedesiredinhishand,helosesattentionandturnstosomethingelse.

Inadultlife,merecognitioncanbesimilarlymotivational,althoughthevisiblepresenceoftheopportunityisnotrequiredastheinstigatorofresponse.Thematureadultmodifieshisreactionbyobtaininginformation,interpretingit,andexaminingconsequences.Heformulatesahypothesisandattemptstotestit.Hesearchesoutimplicitrelationships,examinesallfactors,anddifferentiatesamongthem.Justasthetrainedartistcanseparatethevalueofcolor,composition,andtechnique,whiletakinginandevaluatingthewholework,so,too,thematurepersonbringshiscognitivelearningstrengthtobearinappraisingasituation.

Understandingthatcognitionisseparatefromaction,hisreactionsareonlyminimallyguidedfromconditioning,andtakeintoconsiderationanticipatableevents.

Theimpactofthesocializationprocessparticularlythatofparentalandsocialgroupideology,mayreducecognitivedirectedbehavior.Thetensionthusproduced,asforinstancethestressoffear,anger,orextremeemotion,willoftenbetheoverridinginfluence.Theevolutionaryprocessofdevelopmentfrom,bodyschemathroughcognitivelearningissimilarlymanifestedintheprocessoflanguageacquisition.Auditingdevelopsfirst,readingandwritingmuchlateron.Notonlyisthisevidentinthedevelopmentoftheindividualbeingfrominfancyon,butalsointhedevelopmentoflanguageforhumankind.

Everynormalinfanthasthephysiologicalequipmentnecessarytoproducesound,butthechildmustfirstmastertheiruseforsucking,biting,andchewingbeforehecancontrolhisequipmentforuseinproducingthesoundsoflanguage.Thebabbleandchatteroftheinfantareprecursors(先驅(qū))tointelligiblevocalcommunication.

Fromtheearliertimes,itisclearthatlanguageandhumanthoughthavebeenintimatelyconnected.Sendingorreceivingmessages,fromprimitivewarningsofdangertoexplainingcreativeorreflectivethinking,thisaspectofcognitivedevelopmentisalsofirmlylinkedtotheneedsandaspirationsofsociety.

1.Howdoesachilddevelophisperception?

2.Accordingtothepassage,theinfantmaybemostinterestedin____.

3.Whatstimulatesadults’motivationalcognition?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheinfluenceofsoci