考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theyneedtomovetonewandlargeapartments.Doyouknowofany（）onesinthis

area?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evacuated

B.empty

C.vacant

D.vacate

【答案】C

【解析】近義詞辨析。句意：他們要到大的新公寓,需要的應(yīng)該是空房。empty和vacant都有“空”的意思，但區(qū)別在于emptyhouse表示完全不存在內(nèi)容物;vacanthouse是指可能有家具放著，但暫時(shí)無人居住的房子。因此,選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Publicdistrustofscientistsstemsinpartfromtheblurringofboundariesbetweenscienceandtechnology,betweendiscoveryandmanufacture.Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveoldailments,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyintractable(難治療的)conditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.Atthesametime,thepoliticiansdemandthescientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”thattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.Liketherestofus,theyaremembersofasocietythatratesthecreationofwealthasthegreatestpossiblegood.Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.

Insuchcircumstancesnooneshouldbetoohardonpeoplewhoaresuspiciousofconflictsofinterest.Whenwelearnthatthedistinguishedprofessorassuringusofthesafetyofaparticularproductholdsaconsultancywiththecompanymakingit,wecannotbeblamedforwonderingwhetherhisfeemightconceivablycloudhisprofessionaljudgment.Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofhisresearchfunding.

Thisattitudecanhavedamagingeffects.Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal(可以收買的).Thismakesiteasiertodismissallscientificpronouncements,butespeciallythosemadebythescientistswhopresentthemselvesas“experts”.Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineer.Ifhedeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary.

1.Whatisthechiefconcernofmostgovernmentswhenitcomestoscientificresearch?

2.Scientistshavetoadapttheirresearchto“economicneeds”inorderto（）.

3.Whywon’tscientistscomplainaboutthegovernment’spolicyconcerningscientificresearch?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,peoplearesuspiciousoftheprofessionaljudgmentofscientistsbecause（）.

5.Whydoestheauthorsaythatpublicdistrustofscientistscanhavedamagingeffects?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Supportfromthevotes.t

B.Thereductionofpublicexpenditure.t

C.Quickeconomicsreturns.t

D.Thebudgetforaresearchproject.t

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.impressthepublicwiththeirachievementst

B.pursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssaket

C.obtainfundingfromthegovernmentt

D.translateknowledgeintowealtht

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theythinktheyworkinanenvironmenthostiletothefreepursuitofknowledge.t

B.Theyareaccustomedtokeepingtheiropinionstothemselves.t

C.Theyknowittakespatiencetowinsupportfromthepublic.t

D.Theythinkcompliancewithgovernmentpolicyisintheinterestsofthepublic.t

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theirpronouncementsoftenturnouttobewrongt

B.sometimestheyhidethesourceoftheirresearchfundingt

C.someofthemdonotgiveprioritytointellectualhonestyt

D.theycouldbeinfluencedbytheirassociationwiththeprojectconcernedt

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itmakesthingsdifficultforscientistsseekingresearchfunds.t

B.Peoplewouldnotbelievescientistsevenwhentheytellthetruth.t

C.Itmaydampentheenthusiasmofscientistsforindependentresearch.t

D.Scientiststhemselvesmaydoubtthevalueoftheirresearchfindings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“當(dāng)涉及到科學(xué)研究時(shí)，大多數(shù)政府最關(guān)心的是什么？”。文章第一段提到Mostgovernments,perhapsallgovernments,justifypublicexpenditureonscientificresearchintermsoftheeconomicbenefitsthescientificenterprisehasbroughtinthepastandwillbringinthefuture.（大多數(shù)政府，也許是所有政府，都根據(jù)科研單位過去和將來帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益來證明在科學(xué)研究上的公共支出是合理的），由此可知，當(dāng)涉及到科學(xué)研究時(shí)，大多數(shù)政府最關(guān)心的還是科學(xué)研究上的公共支出，即科研經(jīng)費(fèi)；故B項(xiàng)“減少公共開支”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“選票的支持”，文章第一段提到了Politiciansremindtheirvotersofthesplendidmachines“ourscientists”haveinvented,thenewdrugstorelieveoldailments,andthenewsurgicalequipmentandtechniquesbywhichpreviouslyintractable(難治療的)conditionsmaynowbetreatedandlivessaved.（政客們提醒他們的選民，“我們的科學(xué)家”已經(jīng)發(fā)明了輝煌的機(jī)器，緩解舊病的新藥，以及新的手術(shù)設(shè)備和技術(shù)，這些技術(shù)可以治療以前難以治愈的疾病，挽救生命），可知，雖然政客們?cè)谶x民中強(qiáng)調(diào)科研帶來的好處，但無法從文章推斷選民的支持是政府最關(guān)心的；C項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)快”，這只是政府用于證明科研經(jīng)費(fèi)的公共支出的合理性；D項(xiàng)“研究項(xiàng)目的預(yù)算”文章沒有提及。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“科學(xué)家必須使他們的研究適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)需求以便……”。第一段第四句thepoliticiansdemandthescientiststhattheytailortheirresearchto“economicsneeds”thattheyawardahigherprioritytoresearchproposalsthatare“nearthemarket”andcanbetranslatedintothegreatestreturnoninvestmentintheshortesttime.Dependent,astheyare,onpoliticiansformuchoftheirfunding,scientistshavelittlechoicebuttocomply.（政客們要求科學(xué)家們根據(jù)“經(jīng)濟(jì)需求”調(diào)整研究，對(duì)“接近市場(chǎng)”并能在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)化為最大投資回報(bào)的研究方案給予更高的優(yōu)先級(jí)；科學(xué)家的大部分資金都依賴于政客，他們別無選擇，只能服從），由此可推，在政客們的要求下，科學(xué)家們必須根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)需求轉(zhuǎn)化為最大投資回報(bào)的研究方案，目的是為了從政客那里獲取資金，故C項(xiàng)“從政府獲得資金”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“用他們的成就給公眾留下深刻印象”文章未提及；B項(xiàng)“為了知識(shí)而追求知識(shí)”和D項(xiàng)“將知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為財(cái)富”與原文不符。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“為什么科學(xué)家們不抱怨政府關(guān)于科學(xué)研究的政策？”。第一段最后一句提到Manyhavereservations,butkeepthemtothemselvesinwhattheyperceiveasaclimatehostiletothepursuitofunderstandingforitsownsakeandtheideaofaninquiring,creativespirit.（許多人有不同的意見，但他們認(rèn)為，在一種不利于追求理解本身和探究創(chuàng)新精神的氛圍中，他們把這些意見保留了下來），由此可知，科學(xué)家們選擇保留意見的原因是考慮到了所處環(huán)境的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，故A項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為自己的工作環(huán)境不利于自由追求知識(shí)”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“他們習(xí)慣于保留自己的意見”，表述不準(zhǔn)確；C項(xiàng)“他們知道贏得公眾的支持需要耐心”和D項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為遵守政府政策符合公眾的利益”文章未提及。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為，人們之所以懷疑科學(xué)家的專業(yè)判斷是因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)第三段最后的例子Thescientistmostlikelytounderstandthesafetyofanuclearreactor,forexample,isanuclearengineer.Ifhedeclaresthatareactorisunsafe,webelievehim,becauseclearlyitisnottohisadvantagetolieaboutit.Ifhetellsusitissafe,ontheotherhand,wedistrusthim,becausehemaywellbeprotectingtheemployerwhopayshissalary.（最有可能理解核反應(yīng)堆安全性的科學(xué)家是核工程師：如果他宣稱一個(gè)反應(yīng)堆不安全，我們就相信他，因?yàn)槿鲋e顯然對(duì)他不利；如果他告訴我們它是安全的，另一方面，我們不信任他，因?yàn)樗芸赡苁窃诒Ｗo(hù)付給他工資的雇主），由此可以推理，公眾懷疑科學(xué)家的專業(yè)判斷是認(rèn)為他們和某些咨詢公司或者項(xiàng)目有利益關(guān)系，故D項(xiàng)“他們可能會(huì)受到與有關(guān)項(xiàng)目的聯(lián)系的影響”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“他們的聲明往往被證明是錯(cuò)誤的”，表述太絕對(duì)；B項(xiàng)“有時(shí)他們隱藏研究資金的來源”，第二段提到Eveniftheprofessorholdsnoconsultancywithanyfirm,somepeoplemaystilldistrusthimbecauseofhisassociationwiththosewhodo,oratleastwonderaboutthesourceofhisresearchfunding.（即使教授沒有在任何公司擔(dān)任顧問，一些人仍然可能因?yàn)樗c那些咨詢公司的關(guān)系而不信任他，或者至少懷疑他的研究資金的來源），可知B項(xiàng)表述不正確；C項(xiàng)“他們中的一些人沒有優(yōu)先考慮知識(shí)的誠(chéng)實(shí)”，第三段指出Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal.（這種態(tài)度質(zhì)疑了個(gè)人在一個(gè)將學(xué)術(shù)誠(chéng)實(shí)視為最高美德的職業(yè)中工作的正直性，并落入了那些想要用腐敗來詆毀科學(xué)家的人的手中），由此可知C項(xiàng)表述也不正確。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者說公眾對(duì)科學(xué)家的不信任會(huì)有破壞性的影響？”。題干所述問題在文章的第三段有體現(xiàn)，Itquestionstheintegrityofindividualsworkinginaprofessionthatprizesintellectualhonestyasthesupremevirtue,andplaysintothehandsofthosewhowouldliketodiscreditscientistsbyrepresentingthemasvenal.（這種態(tài)度質(zhì)疑了個(gè)人在一個(gè)將學(xué)術(shù)誠(chéng)實(shí)視為最高美德的職業(yè)中工作的正直性，并落入了那些想要用腐敗來詆毀科學(xué)家的人的手中），并通過核工程師的舉例，來表達(dá)公眾對(duì)科學(xué)家的不信任的影響，那就是即使科學(xué)家說的是真話，公眾也不會(huì)相信，故B項(xiàng)“人們不會(huì)相信科學(xué)家，即使他們說真話”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“這給尋求研究資金的科學(xué)家?guī)砹死щy”、C項(xiàng)“它可能會(huì)抑制科學(xué)家獨(dú)立研究的熱情”和D項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家自己可能懷疑他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的價(jià)值”在第三段都未描述到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Associalbeingswelivewithoureyesuponourreflection,buthaveno（）ofthetranquilityofthewatersinwhichweseeit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.obligation

C.assurance

D.certainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)warrant“根據(jù)，證明”，強(qiáng)調(diào)法律依據(jù)，確信無疑的證據(jù)；B選項(xiàng)obligation“職責(zé)，義務(wù)”；C選項(xiàng)assurance“保證，擔(dān)?！保籇選項(xiàng)certainty“必然，確實(shí)”。句意：作為社會(huì)上的人我們堅(jiān)信眼見為實(shí)，但是沒法保證我們所看到的一定就是真實(shí)的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Chinawilllowerthe（）forforeignerstocometothecountryandstreamlineproceduresforthemtoinvestandstartbusinessesinChina.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.measure

B.threshold

C.permit

D.statute

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)measure表示“測(cè)量，措施，程度”，B選項(xiàng)threshold表示“入口，門檻，開始”，C選項(xiàng)permit表示“許可證，執(zhí)照”，D選項(xiàng)statute表示“法規(guī)，法令，條例”。由后文的關(guān)鍵信息“streamlineproceduresforthemtoinvestandstartbusinessesinChina”可知，中國(guó)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)化外國(guó)人在中國(guó)投資和創(chuàng)業(yè)的程序，說明中國(guó)將會(huì)降低外國(guó)人來中國(guó)的門檻。由此可知，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Dr.Smithfailedmanytimesbuthefinally（

）tofindasuccessfulwaytosolvetheproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeoff

B.brokedown

C.brokeout

D.brokethrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)breakoff“（使）分離”；B選項(xiàng)breakdown“失敗”；C選項(xiàng)breakout“突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”；D選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突圍，突破”。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知句子前面表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由failedmanytimes（多次失?。┡cfinally（最終）可知D選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：史密斯醫(yī)生失敗了很多次，但他最終突破了，找到了解決問題的成功方法。

6.單選題

Reductioninoverseasgovernmentexpendituretookplace,but（

）andmoregraduallythannowseemsdesirable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reluctantly

B.unwittingly

C.impulsively

D.anxiously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。reluctantly“不情愿地”；unwittingly“不知不覺地”；impulsively“有推動(dòng)力的”；anxiously“不安地，憂慮地”。句意：海外政府開支有所減少，但是比現(xiàn)在所期望的要勉強(qiáng)并且緩慢。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Sometimesthestudentmaybeaskedtowriteabouthis（

）toacertainbookorarticlethathassomebearingonthesubjectbeingstudied.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reaction

B.comment

C.impression

D.comprehension

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。reactionto對(duì)的反應(yīng)，對(duì)的看法或意見；選項(xiàng)B一般與on搭配；選項(xiàng)C和D一般與of搭配。句意：有時(shí)，學(xué)生可能會(huì)被要求寫他對(duì)某本書或某篇與正在研究的主題有關(guān)的文章的看法。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

8.翻譯題

每個(gè)人一生中都該有個(gè)志向，否則他的精力便會(huì)浪費(fèi)掉。每個(gè)青年人都力求成為一個(gè)有成就的人物。一個(gè)青年人只期望富有是不明智的，或只專心于求得權(quán)力與名望也是不對(duì)的。一個(gè)青年人希望做個(gè)有成就者，結(jié)果常常會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。狄斯拉里(Disraeli)的故事是個(gè)例證。狄斯拉里開始過公眾生活時(shí)渴望能成為一個(gè)學(xué)者及演說家。他在文學(xué)方面的成就比演說方面更為成功。起初他作為一個(gè)演說家時(shí)是完全失敗的。不過，他認(rèn)為有把握克服障礙，遂以不屈不撓的精神致力于這個(gè)目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。他的一些朋友認(rèn)為他這個(gè)念頭是蠢的，甚至是古怪的，但他堅(jiān)持目標(biāo)不舍，最后終于成功，成為英國(guó)曾經(jīng)產(chǎn)生的知識(shí)最豐富的學(xué)者與最雄辯的演說家之一。這個(gè)故事并不是用來說明：只是大學(xué)者或演說家，或二者兼而有之者才是有成就的人物。除了做學(xué)者或演說家之外，還有許多同樣高尚與可敬的事業(yè)。它只是用來說明一個(gè)青年人須志向高遠(yuǎn)，因?yàn)椤皩幙芍靖叨_(dá)不到目標(biāo)，也不要志低而達(dá)到”。

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

【答案】Everyoneshouldpossessanambitioninhislifetime,orhisenergywillbewasted.Everyyoungmantriestobeapersonwithgreatachievements.Ayoungmanwhoonlypursueswealthorfocusesonpowerandreputationisnotwise.Itwillberealisticforayoungmantobecomeanachiever.Disraeliisagoodexample.Disraelihopedtobecomeascholarandelocutionistatthebeginningofhispubliclife.Hewasmoresuccessfulinthefieldofliteraturethanspeech.Hewasacompletefailureasanelocutionistinitially.However,hewasdeterminedtoovercomeobstacles,thereforehewasdevotedtorealizingthepurposewithhisperseverance.Someofhisfriendsthoughthewasfoolishorevenwhimsical,buthepersistedinhispurposeandsucceedfinally.HebecameoneofthemostknowledgeableandeloquentinBritain.Thisstoryisnotusedforillustratingthatonlybeingascholarorspeechmaker,orbeingbothofthemcanbeapersonwithachievements.Besidesscholarandelocutionist,thereareothernobleandworshipfulcareers.Thestoryisjustexplainingthatayoungmanshouldhaveloftyambitionsbecause“weprefertobenotabletoreachouraimsfortheyarehighambitionratherthanhavelowambitiontoobtainthem”.

9.單選題

Thedentist’sconfidentmanner（

）methatIwasinsafehands.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insured

B.assured

C.ensured

D.secured

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析題。insure確保，投保；assure保證，擔(dān)保；ensure確保，使安全；secure保護(hù)，使安全。句意：牙醫(yī)自信的態(tài)度使我確信我是由可靠的醫(yī)生在診治。選項(xiàng)A和D不符合句意；選項(xiàng)Bassuresb.sth.或assuresb.+that從句，意為使某人確信，符合句意；選項(xiàng)C發(fā)用法為ensuresth.tosb.，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

10.單選題

ProfessorKumarBhatt,founderandheadofWarwickManufacturingGroup(WMC),andRob

MeakinapersonneldirectoratMarconi,havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate.TheNewKnowledgePartnershipwillincludeateamof40MarconimanagersinwhatProfessorBhattcallselectronicengineeringmanagementorE2.Awiderangeofengineeringandnon-engineeringcompanieshasexpressedinterestintheseexcitingprograms,professorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingthebusinessenvironmenttoahugeextent.Manychiefexecutivesdonotunderstandthepowerofthenewtechnologiesandinsomecases,areactuallyresistingchange.Hesaysthat“aslongasenoughindustryleadersrealizeitspotentialbenefits,e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.”

AlreadyBritainmakesmoreuseofcomputer-aideddesignandmanufacture(CAD/CAM)andmanagementinformationtechnologysystemthanotherEuropeancountries,andhasagovernmentthatactivelypromotese-business.But,observesProfessorBhatt,Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.“Thethingaboutelectronicengineeringmanagementisthatyoucankeepyourlegacysystems;youjustneedtolinkthosesystemswithaninformationengine.Atthetouchofabuttonitwillallowprojectmanagerstoseethestatusofaproject,identifyproblemspreciselyandmakevirtuallyimmediatedecisionsbasedoninformationthatwillbemuchmorecompletethaninthepast.”

TheE2programistheresultofanalliancebytheWarwickManufacturingGroupwithAmerica’sleadinge-commercestudycenter,CarnegieMellon.ThelatterwillberesponsiblefortrainingmanyoftheMarconimanagersinAmerica,wherethegrouphashalfitsbusiness.InBritain.ProfessorBhatthaslinkedupwithSunMicrosystems,OracleandParametricTechnology,tosetupamulti-millionpoundE2designandmanufacturingcenterattheuniversitywhichwillbeusedfortrainingandresearch.

ProfessorBhattbelievesthate-commerceischangingbusinesstosuchanextentthatWMGislikelytoberenamedWarwickElectronicManufacturingGroup.But,hewarns:“Themovetoglobalizebecauseofe-commerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.”

1.WhatisthepurposeofE2course?

2.WhydoesBhattsaythat"e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain"?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoyouknowaboute-businessinBritain?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Accordingtothatlastpassage,whatisBhatt’sattitudetowardse-commerce?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Teachelectronicengineeringmanagement.

B.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeacquaintedwithe-commerce.

C.Trainengineersandmanagerstobeengineersandmanagers.

D.Teachengineersandmanagersaboutdevelopingpartnership.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausemanybusinessleadershaveshowntheirinterestinthis.

B.Becauseitcanstrengthenthecompanies’competitiveness.

C.Becausemorepeoplewilllearne-commercestyle.

D.Becausenewinformationtechnologiescangreatlyimproveindustrialproductivity.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.E-businesshaseliminatedmanycompetitiverivals.

B.E-businesshasdonemanybenefitstobigcompanies

C.ManycompanieshavejoinedintheE-businessprogram.

D.E-businesshasgreatpotentialandwillmakechangesinthecountry.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.BritaincanbecompetitivetoUSintheareaofinformationtechnology.

B.Britainhasalreadytakentheadvantagesofrunningengineeringmanagement.

C.AswithmanyotherEuropeancountries,Britainhasmadeuseofcomputer-aidedsystems.

D.E-businesshasofferedopportunitiestoEuropeancountriestoeliminatethecompetitivenessgapwithalltherivals.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.HethinksitasapreciseopportunityonlytoBritain.

B.Hethinksthatitisnotasagoodopportunityaspeoplethink.

C.HethinksitisnotonlygoodforBritainbutalsoapreciseopportunityforothercountries.

D.Hedoesnotconsideritagoodopportunityinthelongrun.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的havedevelopedapartnershiptotrainengineersandmanagerstobecomeeliterate（建立了合作伙伴關(guān)系，培訓(xùn)工程師和管理人員成為精英）可知D選項(xiàng)“教工程師和經(jīng)理如何發(fā)展伙伴關(guān)系”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的e-businesswillmakepossibleasecondproductivityrevolutioninBritain.Thiscouldtaketheeconomyclosetoeliminatingthestillsubstantialcompetitivenessgapwithitsmainrivals.（電子商務(wù)將使英國(guó)的第二次生產(chǎn)力革命成為可能。這可能會(huì)使經(jīng)濟(jì)接近消除與主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的巨大競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力差距）可知B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗梢栽鰪?qiáng)企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Britainhasneverusedtechnologyasagrowthdriver.（英國(guó)從未將科技作為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)力）可知D選項(xiàng)“電子商務(wù)有著巨大的潛力，并將在這個(gè)國(guó)家發(fā)生變化”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的OverthelastfiveyearsintheUStherehasbeena30%improvementinmanufacturingsectorproductivitybecauseofinformationtechnology.InBritainwecanachievemorethanthatandsuccessfule-businesswillbeworthbillionstotheUKeconomy.（在過去五年中，由于信息技術(shù)，美國(guó)制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率提高了30%。在英國(guó)，我們可以取得更多成就，成功的電子商務(wù)將對(duì)英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來數(shù)十億美元的收益）可知A選項(xiàng)“在信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，英國(guó)可以比美國(guó)更有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段中的Themovetoglobalizebecauseofecommerceisracingahead.AlthoughthenetallowsBritishindustrytoovertaketheirEuropeanpeers,italsooffersAsiancountriestoleapfrogtheWest.ForthefirsttimeitisnottheprivilegeoftheWesternworldbecausethistechnologyisuniversal.（由于電子商務(wù)而走向全球化的步伐正在加快。盡管網(wǎng)絡(luò)允許英國(guó)工業(yè)超越歐洲同行，但它也為亞洲國(guó)家提供了超越西方的機(jī)會(huì)。這是第一次它不是西方世界的特權(quán)，因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)技術(shù)是普遍的）可知C選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為這不僅對(duì)英國(guó)有利，而且對(duì)其他國(guó)家來說也是一個(gè)確切的機(jī)會(huì)”正確。

11.單選題

Ican’treadthemarksandnotesJimmadeinthemargin.Theyaretoo（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.faint

B.foggy

C.transparent

D.misty

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。faint意為“微弱的，模糊的”；foggy意為“有霧的”；transparent意為“透明的”；misty意為“多霧的”。

句意：我看不清吉姆在空白處做的記號(hào)和筆記。

12.單選題

Thehandsonmyalarmclockare______，soIcanseewhattimeitisinthedark.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exotic

B.gorgeous

C.luminous

D.spectacular

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。exotic“奇異的，引人注目的”；gorgeous“極好的，華麗的”；luminous“發(fā)光的，發(fā)亮的”；spectacular“壯觀的，驚人的”。句意：我手邊上的指針會(huì)發(fā)光，所以我能在黑暗中看清時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.翻譯題

隨著中世紀(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的崩潰和現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)方式的興起，勞動(dòng)的意義和作用發(fā)生了根本性的變化，這在新教國(guó)家表現(xiàn)的尤為突出。因?yàn)槿藢?duì)剛剛獲得的自由感到不知所措，心里老是想著如何以一種狂熱的活動(dòng)來消除自己的疑慮和恐懼。這種活動(dòng)無論成功或是失敗都將決定他的靈魂能否獲救，表明他是靈魂得救者。勞動(dòng)本身不再能給人帶來滿足感和快樂，而是變成了一種責(zé)任和強(qiáng)迫性的活動(dòng)。勞動(dòng)致富的可能性越大，勞動(dòng)就越會(huì)成為純粹獲得財(cái)富和成功的一種手段。用麥克斯?韋伯的話來說，在“內(nèi)心深處追名逐利的苦行主義”的體系中，勞動(dòng)變成了主要的因素，成了解決人的孤單和封閉感的一種辦法。

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【答案】WiththecollapsingofthestructureofMiddleAgesandtherisingofthemodernproductionmodel,thefundamentalchangeshavetakenplaceinthesignificanceandfunctionoflabor,whichisparticularlyoutstandingintheProtestantcountries,becausepeoplefeeloverwhelmedbythefreedomtheyhavejustobtained,andkeepwonderinghowtoeliminatetheirowndoubtsandfearsinacrazyactivity.Whetheritissuccessfulornot,thisactivitywilldeterminewhetherhissoulcanberescuedanddemonstratethatheorsheistheonewhosesoulhasbeensavedortheonelost.Laboritselfcannotbringsatisfactionandhappinesstopeopleanylonger,butithasbecomeakindofresponsibilityandcompulsiveactivity.Thegreaterthechanceofmakingfortunebyworkingis,themorechanceoflaborbecomingawayofpurelyobtainingwealthandsuccess.JustasMaxWebersays,inthesystemof“autoeroticismofseekingfameandgaininginthedepthofone’sheart”,thelaborhasbecomethemainfactorandthesolutiontothelonelinessandself-closingofpeople.

14.單選題

Inspiteofthe（

）economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gloomy

B.miserable

C.shadowy

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)gloomy“黑暗的，沮喪的”；B選項(xiàng)miserable“悲慘的，痛苦的”；C選項(xiàng)shadowy“幽暗的，多陰影的”；D選項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的，晦澀的”。句意：盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)期（），制造業(yè)產(chǎn)量有所上升。這里關(guān)鍵詞inspiteof可知，經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)期不是很好，這里能夠用來形容經(jīng)濟(jì)這個(gè)抽象概念的只有A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)一般指人的品質(zhì)或者命運(yùn)。C選項(xiàng)一般指天氣。D選項(xiàng)是指模棱兩可的，代入句中不符合邏輯。

15.單選題

Thestormwas（

）andchangedcourseconstantlyatseaatthattime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.chaste

B.candid

C.chaotic

D.cardinal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近形容詞詞義辨析。chaste“純潔的，貞潔的”；candid“公正的，直率的”；chaotic“混亂的，無秩序的”；cardinal“主要的，基本的”。根據(jù)句意“暴風(fēng)雨時(shí)常改變方向”可知它是無秩序的，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

（

）Isympathize,Ican’treallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Aslongas

B.As

C.While

D.Even

【答案】C

【解析】考查連詞。A選項(xiàng)Aslongas“只要”；B選項(xiàng)As“只要，隨著”；C選項(xiàng)While“盡管”；D選項(xiàng)Even“甚至，即使”。（）我同情，我對(duì)他們脫困幫助不了太多。這里兩個(gè)句子是轉(zhuǎn)折讓步的關(guān)系，所以答案A排除，as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候要用部分倒裝，所以答案B排除；D選項(xiàng)是副詞不能連接兩個(gè)句子，所以答案D排除；所以答案選C選項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Westernstateswerethefirsttogivewomenthevote.Between1869andtheoutbreakofWorldWarI，seventeenstateswestoftheMississippigavewomentherighttovoteinstateelectionsandRepresentatives.Itwasnotuntil1920thattheFederalGovernmentunderpressurebysuffragettes(womeninsistingontheirrighttovote),followingthestates’leadandpermittedwomentotakepartinnationalelectionsforCongresswomenandthePresident.

Womenhavemadegreatstridessincetheninachievingpoliticalequality.Recently,Americanfeministshavebeenworkinghardtoachievesocialandeconomicequalityaswellaspolitical.Theirbeliefisthat,asthereisnothingthatwomencannotdojustasmen,theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts.Anythinglessisdiscriminationandsexism.

FewAmericangirlsagreewiththeextremefeministswhoderidemarriageandromanticlove,butmoreandmoreofthemarepreparedtolivewithamanoutsidemarriage,oftensavedenoughmoney.Youngcouplestodayshareboththehouseholdchoresandcareofthebaby.

Theoldgenerations,especiallythosethatliveinthecitysuburbs,arebewilderedanddisturbedbythistrend.ItisallagainstthegreatAmericantraditionofthe“home”asthesymboloftheunifiedfamily.

TheAmericanwomanmakesthemostofherfreetime.Shehelpswithpoliticalcampaigns.Shesitsoncommittees.Shegoestoclassesofallkinds,fromhealthfoodstoEnglishliterature,fromenvironmentalstudiestokarate.Sheswims,playstennis,andshetakesanactiveinterestinherchildren’seducation.Inmostoftheseactivitieshercompanionsareotherhousewivesfromherneighborhood.

Therearewomenexecutivesofsomeimportantindustriesandbusinesses.Infacttherearewomeninmostjobswhichwereformerlyreservedformen.Therearewomenlawyers,doctors,architects,aswellaswomenbusdrivers,buttheordinaryworkingwomenwillearnlessthanamangetsfordoingthesamejob—althoughthereisalawwhichmakesthisillegal.Americangirlstendtomarryyoung,whichmeansthat60%ofthewomeninworkaremarried.Thisalsohelpstoexplainwhysomanyyoungmarriedcoupleshavesuchahighstandardofliving.

Americanwomenseemtohavemoreself-confidencethanwomenfrommostothercountries.Foryearstheyhavefeltnoinferioritywhatsoevertothemalesex.ThereforevisitorstotheUSArarelymeetmilitantfeminists.

1.WhenweretheAmericanwomenfirstgivenrighttovoteinnationalelections?

2.Americanfeministsbelievethatwomen（

）.

3.WhatattitudedotheAmericanwomenhavetowardsmarriageaccordingtothepassage?

4.Duringtheirfree-time,Americanwomenareusuallyengagedin（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.In1869

B.DuringWorldWarI

C.In1920

D.Inrecentyears

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.havemadegreatprogressinobtainingbothpoliticalandsocialequality

B.haveachievedbothsocialandeconomicalequality

C.havenotgotenoughsocialandeconomicalequalityaswellaspoliticalone

D.havenothadthesameself-confidenceasthemenhave

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mostofthemstillbelieveinmarriageandromanticlove

B.Theirmarriageshouldbeabletobringthemmoneyandhome.

C.Extremefeministsarereadytolivewithamanoutsidemarriage

D.Theyoungergenerationsofwomenprefertohaveaunifiedfamily

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.helpingwithpoliticalmovements

B.learninghowtofighttoprotectthemselves

C.doinghouseworkandtakingcareofchildren

D.bothAandB

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanFeminists

B.AmericanWomenandTheirStruggleforEquality

C.AmericanGirls

D.WomenandRights

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。第一段中提出直到1920年女性取得了議會(huì)和總統(tǒng)選舉的投票權(quán)，故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。第二段:theyshouldbeshownthesamerespectandhavethesamesocialrightsandthesamepayastheirmalecounterparts(他們應(yīng)該受到同樣的尊重，享有同樣的社會(huì)權(quán)利，和他們的男性同事一樣的待遇)。故選C:美國(guó)女權(quán)主義者認(rèn)為她們沒有足夠的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)平等和政治平等。

3.判斷推理。第三段第一句提出很少的美國(guó)女孩不贊成女權(quán)主義者嘲笑婚姻

和戀愛。故選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第五段:Shehelpswithpoliticalcampaigns.Shesitsoncommittees,故選D。

5.主旨大意題。全文主要介紹了美國(guó)婦女維護(hù)自己的權(quán)利和公平。

18.單選題

Sinceyouareunhappywiththisjob,Irecommendthatyou___assoonaspossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resigned

B.willresign

C.couldresign

D.resign

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.resigned辭職B.willresign辭職

C.couldresign辭職D.resign辭職

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】這里考查recommend的用法。sb.recommendthatsb.(should)dosth.表示建議某人做某事。這里的should可以省略。因此D選項(xiàng)resign正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)搭配錯(cuò)誤。

【句意】既然你對(duì)這份工作不滿意，我建議你盡快辭職。

19.單選題

Ithasbeensaidthatmanagementisascienceandthatleadershipisanart.Managementiscomprisedofconcrete,measurableskills:planning,organizing,directing,andcontrolling.Thumbthroughanymanagementtextbookandyou'llseespecificmodels,formulas,procedures,ortechniquesformonitoringandcontrollingperformanceoutput.Controllingproductivitythroughadherencetostandardsisthestock-in-tradeoftheeffectivemanager.It'snotalwaysaneasytask,andtalentedmanagersshouldbegiventhecredittheydeserveinhelpingtheirorganizationssucceed.Noorganizationcansurviveforverylong,letaloneearnanysortofsubstantialprofits,withoutsoundmanagement.Butmanagementaloneisnotenoughintoday'smarketplace.Itistherightbalance,acombinationofefficientmanagementandleadership,thateveryorganizationisseeking.

Justwhatisthenewmodelofleadershipforthe21stcentury?Itrevolvesaroundfiveabstractqualities.Managersmaypossesssomeoralloftheseabilitiestoonedegreeoranother,buttheseskillsaredistinctfromtheparticularqualitiesthatdefinemanagement.Tobetterunderstandhowleadershipandmanagementdiffer,let'sreviewthefiveleadershipcompetencies.

Self-masteryisthefoundationuponwhichaleader'scredibility