考研考博-英語-婁底職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-婁底職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

2.Mobilephoneshaverenewedtheinterpersonalrelationships.Thereisusuallyanoticeonthedoorofthemeetingroom,whichreads,“Pleaseturnoffyourmobilephonesduringthemeeting!”Still,themeetingroominvariablyechoeswiththemobilerings.Althoughweareallordinarypeoplewithfewmattersofgreaturgency,wewillnotturnoffourmobilephonesunlessabsolutelynecessary.Turningonthemobilephonesisasymbolofourcontactwiththeworld.Mobilephonesreflectourhungerforsocialcommunication,ascanalwaysbeseeninaphoneuserwhocomestoasuddenhaltonhisway,staringatthescreenofhismobilephonefortextingregardlessofwhetherheisinthemiddleofaroadorbyapublictoilet.

【答案】2.手機(jī)刷新了人與人之間的關(guān)系。會(huì)議室門口通常貼著一條通告：請(qǐng)與會(huì)者關(guān)閉手機(jī)?？墒菚?huì)議室里的手機(jī)鈴聲仍然響成一片。我們都是普通人，并沒有多少重要的事情。盡管如此，我們也不會(huì)輕易關(guān)掉手機(jī)。打開手機(jī)象征我們與這個(gè)世界的聯(lián)系。手機(jī)反映出我們的“社交饑渴癥”。最為常見的是，一個(gè)人走在路上突然停下來，眼睛盯著手機(jī)屏幕發(fā)短信，他不在乎停在馬路中央還是廁所旁邊。

2.單選題

Thetelevision（）

betweenthetwocandidateswillbeheldonSunday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.argument

B.debate

C.discussion

D.dispute

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。argument“論證，論據(jù)”；debate“辯論，爭論”；discussion“討論”；dispute“爭吵”。句意：兩位候選人的電視辯論將在周日舉行。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Heknowslittleofmathematics,and（

）ofchemistry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evenmore

B.stillless

C.noless

D.stillmore

【答案】B

【解析】考查比較級(jí)。even,still修飾表示級(jí)，意為“更……”，little的比較級(jí)為less，因此選B。

句意：他數(shù)學(xué)懂得很少，化學(xué)懂得更少了。

4.單選題

Banknotesarenotusually（）intogoldnowadays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inverted

B.revertible

C.convertible

D.diverting

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在的紙幣通常不能兌換成黃金。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaU.S.laboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AU.Sexecutivetellshisstallhe’sgoingtotreatthemfairlyandcreatesdissension.AJapanesemanageispromotebyhisBritishPresident,butwithinsixmonthsasksforatransfer.

Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployees,butwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement.

“Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture,”saysCliffordClarke,founderandpresidentoftheCaliforniabasedIRIInternationalinc,oneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofconsultingfirmsthatspecializeinteachingbusinesspeoplefromdifferentcultureshowtocommunicateandworkwitheachother.

“NevershowtheshoetoanArad,neverarriveontimeforapartyinBrazil,andinJapan,don’tthink‘yes’means‘yes’,adviseU.S.consultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggs,whohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial“dos”and“don’ts’'isnottheanswer,accordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatterns,theypointout,canbedisastrous.

Forexample,theAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewarded,butwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanothers,therewerecomplaints.“Youtoldusyou'dbefair,andyouliedtous,”accusedonesalesman.“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”

TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation,“hewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan,”saidhisU.S.Manager,“butinourcompany,we’reallexpectedtobeself-starters,whothriveonworkingalone.Forhim,itwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnow,buthe’dbehumiliatedif1toldyouhisname,that’sanotherculturedifference.”

TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors.“Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney,”saysEugeneJ.Flath,presidentofIntelJapanLtd,asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker.“Now,Icanseeitisarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice.”

“That’swhyIntel,withthehelpofconsultantClarke,begananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericanandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.Fromthecontext,theword“baloney”iscloseinmeaningto

（

）.

3.WhydidtheJapanesestaffcomplaintotheAmericanmanager?

4.Theculturalcommunicationproblemsarebecomingespeciallyurgentfor

（

）.

5.WhydidthepromotedJapanesemanageraskfortransfer?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.BuildingBridgesOvertheCulturalRivets

B.MultinationalTrainingforBusinessman

C.LearningDifferentThinkingPatterns

D.CommunicationProblemsandComplaints

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.balcony

B.feat

C.nonsense

D.simplicity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheAmericanmanagerhadliedtothem.

B.Thesalaryincreaseswereinsufficient.

C.Moststaffhadnotreceivedsalaryincreased.

D.Therewasamisunderstandingoftheword“fair”.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Americanmanagers

B.multinationalcompanies

C.Japaneseemployees

D.consultingfirms

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasnotcompetentforthehigherposition.

B.Hewasnotaccustomedtoworkingbyhimself.

C.Hecouldnotmaketheadjustmenttohisnewjob.

D.Helackedadequatecommunicationwithhissuperiors.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“本文最佳標(biāo)題是……”。文章首先是通過一些實(shí)例來引出不同文化間的交流障礙這個(gè)話題，比如一位亞洲工程師被派到美國實(shí)驗(yàn)室后幾乎精神奔潰；隨后提到跨國公司開始重視這個(gè)問題并且采取了一些措施來解決這些問題，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選項(xiàng)A包含了其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，最適合做文章標(biāo)題。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章中可知，baloney與哪個(gè)單詞意思最接近”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到（Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney）與（Icanseeitisarealproblem），把之前的觀點(diǎn)與現(xiàn)在的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，前后發(fā)生了變化，由此可知baloney的意思與“arealproblem”是相反的，即“胡說八道”的意思。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“為什么日本員工向他們美國經(jīng)理抱怨”。文章第五段提到“這位美國經(jīng)理說他花費(fèi)了一年半的時(shí)間來明白日本員工認(rèn)為的公平是被平等對(duì)待”（“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”），由此可以看出是因?yàn)閷?duì)fair這個(gè)單詞的誤解，使得日本員工對(duì)此抱怨。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“對(duì)于……來說，文化交流問題正變得特別重要”。文章第三段提到跨國公司開始重視文化（Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture），因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“被提升的日本籍經(jīng)理為什么要求換工作”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“不能適應(yīng)職位提升的日本經(jīng)理不能用更直接的語言與自己在英國的上司進(jìn)行溝通從而提出了調(diào)換工作的要求”（TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors），選項(xiàng)C“他不能適應(yīng)新工作”符合題意。

6.單選題

Ourcorporation’sobligationunderthis（

）islimitedtorepairorreplacement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.warranty

B.license

C.market

D.necessity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)warranty“（商品）保用單”；B選項(xiàng)license“執(zhí)照，許可證”；C選項(xiàng)market“市場，交易”；D選項(xiàng)necessity“必然，必要”。根據(jù)repairorreplacement（修理或更換）可知A選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：我公司在本保證項(xiàng)下的義務(wù)僅限于修理或更換。

7.單選題

Hecollects（

）ofallkindsofrocksandminerals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.specimens

B.timbers

C.serpents

D.trunks

【答案】A

【解析】specimens樣品,標(biāo)本；timber木材；serpent大蛇,毒蛇；trunk樹干。句意:他收集各種巖石和礦物的標(biāo)本。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.單選題

Beforethegeneralelectionmanyseniorcitizenssignedthe（）againstthespreadingofnucleararms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contract

B.petition

C.supplication

D.potential

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。contract合同，契約；petition請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?，指許多人簽名的向當(dāng)權(quán)者提出某種要求；supplication祈愿，祈求，懇求；potential潛力，潛勢。句意:好多老年人簽訂反對(duì)核武器的擴(kuò)散。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

Thecostsassociatedwithnaturaldisastersareincreasingrapidly.Asaresult,officialsingovernmentandindustryhavefocusedmoreattentionondisastersandtheireffects.TheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyhasestimatedthatdisasterscostthecountryabout$1billionperweek.HurricaneAndrew,theMidwestfloodof1993,andtheHanshinearthquakehaveshownthatindividualdisasterscancosttensifnothundredsofbillionsofdollars.Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.

Theinsuranceindustryhaslongbeenawareofthedangersofnaturaldisasters;the1906earthquakeinSanFrancisco,California,bankruptedscoresofinsurancecompanies.Buttheindustryhasfocusedparticularattentionondisasterpredictioninrecentyears,asspiralingcostsrevealedthatmanycompanieshadunderestimatedtheirfinancialexposure.Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.Today,estimatesofworst-casedisasterscenariosapproach$100billion.

Theinsuranceindustryhasthereforeincreaseditssupportforresearchintodisasterprediction.OnesucheffortinvolvesanumberofcompaniesthathavejoinedtogethertosupporttheBermuda-basedRiskPredictionInitiative,whichfundsdisasterresearch.Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.Theindustryhasalsolobbiedforthegovernmenttobearsomeofthefinancialburdenofdisasterinsurance.Suchaprogramalreadyexistsforfloodinsurance,setupinthelate1960sbythefederalgovernmenttoinsureflood-proneareas.Thesetypesofprograms,effectivelyimplemented,couldbeincreasinglynecessaryinthefuturetomakeinsuranceavailableinareaspronetodisasters.

Becausethestakesaresohigh,thescienceofdisasterpredictionhasabrightfuture.Thevariousprojectsandprogramsillustratethatdisasterpredictionisatopicofconcerntoscientistsandpolicymakersalike.Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction—forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.Becausetheycannotpredictthefuturewithcertainty,andbecausemuchremainstobelearned,scientistswarnthatsocietymustunderstandthelimitsofscientificpredictionsandbepreparedtoemployalternatives.Wiselyused,however,disasterpredictionhasthepotentialtoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisasters.

1.Theresultoftheincreasingcostsinnaturaldisastersis（）.

2.ThedifferencebetweentheactuallosscausedbyHurricaneAndrewandthelossestimatedbyinsurancecompaniesbeforethehurricaneis（）.

3.Thepurposeofinsurancecompaniestosupportdisasterpredictionresearchisthat（）.

4.Theword“tsunamis”(Line3,Para.4)mostlikelyrefersto（）?

5.Thekeyfactortoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisastersis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.greatlosssufferedbycommercialcompanies

B.government’sincreasedattentionondisaster

C.individual’sawarenesstonaturaldisasters

D.morefundstosupportthepredictionresearch

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.1billiondollars

B.8billiondollars

C.9billiondollars

D.17billiondollars

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.companieswanttomakemoneyfromtheinsuredplaces

B.companiesmaythushaveabetterideaofthefuturerisks

C.companiescangetmoresympathiesfromthegovernment

D.companiesintendtomakeuseofpeople’strustintheindustry

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.violentstormwithwhirlingwindsinthefunnel-shapedcloud

B.aseriesofhugeanddestructivewaves,usuallycausedbylargeearthquakesbeneaththeocean

C.mountainfromwhichlava,cinders,steam,gasesescapethroughopeningsintheearth’scrust

D.stormwithaviolentwind,esp.acycloneintheWestAtlantic

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.insurancecompaniesshouldbewiseenoughintheirestimatesoflosses

B.thegovernmentshouldbearsomeofthefinancialrisksofdisasterinsurance

C.thegeneralpublicshouldbemadefullyawareofthepossibledamages

D.technologyshouldbeimprovedandthreephasesofpredictionbeconsidered

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞theincreasingcost可以定位到原文首段“Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.”，中文翻譯為：這種不斷增加的損失已讓政府和企業(yè)為開發(fā)與災(zāi)難預(yù)測相關(guān)的技術(shù)提供了更多的資金，且已帶來對(duì)預(yù)測信息有效利用的更多研究。因此D選項(xiàng)“更多資金去支持預(yù)測研究”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.”，中文翻譯為：例如，在1992年安德魯颶風(fēng)發(fā)生前，很多保險(xiǎn)公司專家認(rèn)為工業(yè)可能的最嚴(yán)重?fù)p失將至多80億美元。而安德魯颶風(fēng)所造成的被估計(jì)大約為170億美元的損失卻打破了這些看法?？赏茢喑鯟項(xiàng)“90億美元”正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.”，中文翻譯為：這種期望是，產(chǎn)生的消息將讓該行業(yè)（即保險(xiǎn)業(yè)）有更可靠的基礎(chǔ)去決策未來災(zāi)害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?？芍鸢笧锽項(xiàng)“公司可能因此對(duì)未來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有更好的了解”。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞tsunamis可以定位到文章第四段第三句話“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthat…”，中文翻譯為：颶風(fēng)、龍卷風(fēng)、洪水、地震、海嘯和火山都表明了……可以判斷出該單詞為“海嘯”，因此B項(xiàng)“一系列巨大且破壞性的波浪，通常是海底大地震導(dǎo)致的”正確。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第四段第三句話“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction―forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.”，中文翻譯為：颶風(fēng)、龍卷風(fēng)、洪水、地震、海嘯和火山都表明，有效利用災(zāi)害預(yù)測不僅需要先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，而且需要社會(huì)考慮預(yù)測的整個(gè)過程——預(yù)測、通信和信息的使用?？芍鸢笧镈“應(yīng)該改進(jìn)技術(shù)，考慮預(yù)測的三個(gè)階段”。

10.判斷題

判斷題測試0.0

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.對(duì)

B.錯(cuò)

【答案】A

【解析】試題解析T.T

11.單選題

Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysicallandfeature,sortofarcticicefieldsandtropicaljunglescanbefoundwithinitsborders.Sharplycontrastingtypesoflandoftenlieveryclosetooneanother.

PeoplelivinginBakersfield,forinstance,canvisitthePacificOceanandthecoastalplain,thefertileSanJoaquinValley,thearidMojaveDesert,andthehighSierraNevada,allwithinaradiusofabout100miles.Inotherareasitispossibletogosnowskiinginthemorningandsurfingintheeveningofthesameday,withouthavingtotravellongdistance.

ContrastaboundsinCalifornia.ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia,andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).MountWhitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,isseparatedfromDeathValley,282feetbelowsealevel,byadistanceofonly100miles.Thetwoareashaveadifferenceinaltitudeofalmostthreemiles.

Californiahasdeep,clearmountainlakeslikeLakeTahoe,thedeepestinthecountry,butitalsohasshallow,saltydesertlakes.IthasLakeTulainyo,12,020feetabovesealevel,andthelowestlakeinthecountry,theSaltonSea,236feetbelowsealevel.Someofitslakes,likeOwensLakeinDeathValley,arenotlakesatall:theyaredrieduplakebeds.

Inadditiontomountains,lakes,valleys,deserts,andplateaus,CaliforniahasitsPacificcoastline,stretchinglongerthanthecoastlinesofOregonandWashingtoncombined.

1.WhichofthefollowingisthelowestpointintheUnitedStates?

2.WhereisthehighestpointintheUnitedStateslocated?

3.HowfarawayisDeathValleyfromMountWhitney?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasbeingwithinaradiusofabout100milesofBakersfield?

5.WhichstatementbestdemonstratesthatCaliforniaisalandofvarietyandcontrast?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.LakeTulainyo

B.Mojavedesert

C.DeathValley

D.TheSaltonSea

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.LakeTahoe

B.SierraNevada

C.MountWhitney

D.Alaska

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.about3miles

B.Only100miles

C.282feet

D.14,494feet

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ThePacificOcean.

B.SanJoaquinValley

C.MojaveDesert

D.OregonandWashington

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThehighestlakeinCaliforniaisLakeTulainyo

B.ItispossibletogosurfingandsnowskiinginsomepartsofCaliforniawithouthavingtotravellongdistance.

C.SierraNevada,SanJoaquinValley,MojaveDesertandPacificOceanallliewithinaradiusofabout100miles.

D.OwensLake,inDeathValley,isnotreallyalakeatall.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干中的thelowestpoint可以定位在文章描述海拔高度的部分。由文章第三段中的...DeathVolley,282feetbelowsealevel...“死亡谷，低于海平面282英尺?！钡谌翁岬搅嗣绹淖罡唿c(diǎn)和最低點(diǎn)。故C項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。同樣根據(jù)題干定位在文章第三段中的ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia,andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).“(除了阿拉斯加州之外)美國的最商點(diǎn)就在加利福尼亞，并且(包括阿拉斯加州在內(nèi))美國的最低點(diǎn)也在加利福尼亞?！庇纱丝梢酝茢喑?，美國實(shí)際最高點(diǎn)應(yīng)該在阿拉斯加州，因此答案選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以將答案定位在文章第三段中的MountWhitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,isseparatedfromDeathValley,282feetbelowsealevel,byadistanceofonly100miles.“海拔14,494英尺的惠特尼山與海拔282英尺的死亡谷僅相距100英里?！庇纱诉x項(xiàng)B“僅僅100英里”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干withinaradiusofabout100milesofBakersfield可以將答案定位在文章第二段第一句話PeoplelivinginBakersfield,forinstance,canvisitthePacificOceanandthecoastalplain,thefertileSanJoaquinValley,thearidMojaveDesert,andthehighSierraNevada,allwithinaradiusofabout100miles.“例如，生活在貝克斯菲爾德的人們可以游覽太平洋和沿海平原，肥沃的圣華金山谷，干旱的莫哈韋沙漠，以及高海拔的內(nèi)華達(dá)山脈，所有這些都在100英里的范圍內(nèi)。由此可知，只有D項(xiàng)沒有提及，故答案為D。

5.判斷推理題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的信息均在文章中有所提及且表述正確，但最能體現(xiàn)加利福尼亞地貌多樣性且差異巨大的為選項(xiàng)C“內(nèi)華達(dá)山脈、圣華金河谷、莫哈韋沙漠和太平洋均在100英里的半徑范圍內(nèi)”。故C項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Onlyapersonwithapairofkeeneyescouldpickoutthose（）paintingsfromtheseunwantedmaterials.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.valueless

B.worthless

C.priceless

D.featureless

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。valueless微不足道的;worthless一文不值的;priceless無價(jià)的,貴重的;featureless無特色的。句意：只有一雙敏銳的眼睛才能從這些多余的材料中找出那些無價(jià)的畫。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

13.單選題

Becauseofa（）intheskirt,thegirlwasabletobuyitathalfprice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.weakness

B.fault

C.flaw

D.strip

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)weakness表示“（系統(tǒng)、性格等的）缺點(diǎn)，劣勢；弱點(diǎn)；虛弱”，B選項(xiàng)fault表示“錯(cuò)誤；故障；缺點(diǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)flaw表示“缺陷，瑕疵；性格上的缺點(diǎn)”，D選項(xiàng)strip表示“條；帶”。由句意可知，這個(gè)女孩能半價(jià)買到裙子是因?yàn)槿棺佑需Υ?，所以C選項(xiàng)詞義最符合原文句意，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Theultimategoalofthesuicidebomberistoforceareactiononthepartofthesoldierstargetedbytheattack,tomakethemseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly.Wheneveryciviliancarryawideattack,thenevensoldierswhoarenotnormallytrigger-happymaybegoadedbyfearintoharminginnocentpeople.Itisimportanttorealizethatstoppingthesuicideattackerbeforehe(orshe)commitshisattackisnexttoimpossible;hewillcertainlytrytodetonatehisexplosivesassoonasasoldierapproaches.

TheIsraeliarmyhasbeenforcedtodealwithsuicideattackersoverthepast20yearsinsouthernLebanon,aswellasmorerecentlyintheWestBankandGazastrip.TheIsraeliexperiencehasshownthattheonlyhopeofcounteringthisphenomenonliesinthwartingtheattackbeforetheattackersetsoutonhismission.

Thesuicidebomberisnotalone“crazy”actingoutofrage.Rather,heisthetipofanoperationalicebergconsistingofrecruiters,intelligencegatherers,bombmakers,andtrainers.

Alloftheseelementsarevulnerabletocounter-terroristoperations,providedthatonehasaccurateintelligenceandthemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisivelyagainstthem.

InIsraelsuchcounter-terroristoperationsoftentaketheformof“targetedkilling”operationsagainstthoseresponsibleforsendingthesuicidebomberonhismission.

However,iftheintelligenceneededtodothisislacking,itfallstodefensivemeasurestostoptheattack,oratleasttominimizethedamage.Roadblocks,check-points,andsurpriseinspectionscanhelpinlocatingthesuicideattackerandpreventinghimfromreachinghistarget.Precautionsmustbetakennottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks,byavoidingtheconcentrationofsoldiersinoneplaceorhousingcommandcentersinmulti-storybuildings.

Indealingswiththecivilianpopulation,thepossibilityofboobytrapsmustbetakenintoaccount.Thussomeonewishingtosurrendershouldbecheckedfromadistancetoseethatheisnotcarryingexplosives.Vehiclesshouldbepreventedfromdirectlyenteringamilitarybaseorcheckpoint.Allservicesprovidedbymembersoftheindigenouspopulationshouldbesubjecttostringentsecuritychecks.

Themilitaryshouldalsobeawareofthepossibilityofmultiplesuicideattacks,whereexplosivesaredetonatedinsequenceinordertotargetfirstrespondersortoovercomeconsecutiveobstaclesinthewayofpenetrationofaprotectedspace.

Thepossibilityofsuicideoperationsonthemodernbattlefieldcomplicatesthemilitarycampaign,andrequiresawholedifferentmindsetfromthatneededforconventionalwarfare.Soldiersmustbemadeawareoftherisksandbereadytochangetheircollectivebehaviorinaccordancewiththechangingcircumstances,withoutplayingintotheenemy’shandsbytargetingthecivilianpopulation.

1.Thesuicidebombercommitssuicideto（）.

2.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat（）.

3.Inpreventingtheoccurrenceofsuicideattacks,counter-terroristoperationrequires（）.

4.Whoisoftenthefirsttargetedkillingforthecounter-terroristoperations?

5.Themilitarymaywalkstraightintothebombers’trapifthey（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.killhimself/herselfonly

B.revengeonthesoldiers

C.makethesoldiersseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly

D.killsomeinnocentpeopleoutofrage

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesuicidebombersarewellorganized

B.thesuicidebombersoftenactaloneandnobodyhelpthem

C.mostofthesuicidebomberscommittheirattacksoutofcrazymotivation

D.mostofthesuicidebombersaretrainedinsouthernLebanon

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.onewithaccurateintelligence

B.onewiththemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisively

C.onewhohastakeneveryprecautionnottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks

D.alloftheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thesuicidebomber.

B.Thesuicidebomber’sleaders.

C.Thesurrender.

D.Thebombmaker.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.greettheonewhowishestosurrenderwithcarefulchecks

B.arealertallthetime

C.allowvehiclestoenterdirectlyintoamilitarybaseorcheckpoint

D.putallservicesprovidedbymembersoftheindigenouspopulationunderstringentsecuritychecks

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Theultimategoalofthesuicidebomberistoforceareactiononthepartofthesoldierstargetedbytheattack,tomakethemseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly”可知，自殺式炸彈襲擊者的最終目標(biāo)是迫使被襲擊的士兵做出反應(yīng)，讓他們把周圍的平民視為潛在的敵人，并做出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)。A項(xiàng)表示“只是自殺”；B項(xiàng)表示“報(bào)復(fù)士兵”；D項(xiàng)表示“出于泄憤而殺害一些無辜的人”，都與原文不符。因此，只有C項(xiàng)“讓士兵把周圍的平民視為潛在的敵人并相應(yīng)地做出反應(yīng)”符合原文表述，故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段“Thesuicidebomberisnotalone“crazy”actingoutofrage.Rather,heisthetipofanoperationalicebergconsistingofrecruiters,intelligencegatherers,bombmakers,andtrainers.”可知，自殺式炸彈襲擊不是出于憤怒而單獨(dú)行動(dòng)的“瘋狂”行為。相反，他只是由招聘者、情報(bào)收集員、炸彈制造者和訓(xùn)練人員構(gòu)成的操作團(tuán)體的冰山一角。由此可推測，自殺式炸彈襲擊者組織有序，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)表示“自殺炸彈襲擊者經(jīng)常單獨(dú)行動(dòng)且沒人幫他們”；C項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)自殺炸彈襲擊者出于瘋狂的動(dòng)機(jī)而進(jìn)行襲擊”；D項(xiàng)表示“大多數(shù)自殺式炸彈襲擊者在黎巴嫩南部參加訓(xùn)練”。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第四段“Alloftheseelementsarevulnerabletocounter-terroristoperations,providedthatonehasaccurateintelligenceandthemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisivelyagainstthem”可知，假如國家有準(zhǔn)確的情報(bào)和軍事能力對(duì)與自殺式炸彈襲擊相關(guān)的人員采取果斷的行動(dòng)，那么這些相關(guān)人員就易受反恐行動(dòng)的攻擊。故A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國家有準(zhǔn)確的情報(bào)”和B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國家有果斷行動(dòng)的軍事能力”均正確。根據(jù)原文第六段“Precautionsmustbetakennottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks”可知，一定要采取防范措施，以便不為自殺襲擊創(chuàng)造容易的目標(biāo)，故C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國家已采取所有可能的防范措施，以便不為自殺襲擊創(chuàng)造容易的目標(biāo)”表述正確，因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)“以上選項(xiàng)均正確”。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第五段“InIsraelsuchcounter-terroristoperationsoftentaketheformof“targetedkilling”operationsagainstthoseresponsibleforsendingthesuicidebomberonhismission”可知，在以色列，此類反恐行動(dòng)通常采取“定點(diǎn)清除”形式，打擊那些將自殺式炸彈襲擊者送上戰(zhàn)場的人，故B項(xiàng)“自殺炸彈襲擊者的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“自殺炸彈襲擊者”；C項(xiàng)“投降者”：D項(xiàng)“炸彈制造者”。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第三段“Indealingswiththecivilianpopulation,thepossibilityofboobytrapsmustbetakenintoaccount.…Vehiclesshouldbepreventedfromdirectlyenteringamilitarybaseorcheckpoint.”可知，在應(yīng)對(duì)平民時(shí)，一定要考慮陷阱。應(yīng)該阻止車輛直接進(jìn)入軍事基地或檢查站，故C項(xiàng)表述符合題干要求。A項(xiàng)“迎接在仔細(xì)檢查下想要投降的人”；B項(xiàng)“一直是警惕的”；D項(xiàng)“對(duì)本地居民提供的所有服務(wù)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的安全檢查”。

15.單選題

TheEnglishspeakerhas[A]athisdisposalavocabularyandasetofgrammaticalrulewhich[B]enablehimtocommunicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,to[C]theotherEnglishspeakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,[D]boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes,increasesinsizeashegrowsold,asaresultofeducationandexperience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.athisdisposal

B.enable

C.theother

D.boththatwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查代詞用法。C選項(xiàng)theother表示“兩者中的另一個(gè)”，而句中并沒有標(biāo)明只有兩個(gè)講英語者。因此應(yīng)改為other“其他的”。

16.單選題

WhichoftheitalicizedpartsindicatedCONTRAST?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sheopenedthedoorandquietlywentin.

B.VictorialikesmusicSamisfondofsports.

C.Thinkitoveragainyou’llgetananswer.

D.Heissomewhatarrogant,Idon’tlikethis.

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞用法。題干：哪個(gè)斜體部分表示對(duì)比？

A選項(xiàng)表示并列；B選項(xiàng)表示對(duì)比；C選項(xiàng)表示遞進(jìn)；D選項(xiàng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折。

17.單選題

Humansareforeverforgettingthattheycan’tcontrolnature.Exactly20yearsago,aTimemagazinecoverstoryannouncedthat“scientistsareonthevergeofbeingabletopredictthetime,placeandeventhesizeofearthquakes”.ThepeopleofquakeruinedKobe(神戶)learnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.

Noneofthemethodsraisedtwodecadesagohavesucceeded.Evennow,scientistshaveyettodiscoverauniformwarningsignalthatprecedesallquakes,letaloneanysignthatwouldtillwhetherthecomingquakeismildorakiller.Earthquakeformationcanbetriggedbymanyfactors,saysHirooKanamori,aseismologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.So,findingoneall-purposewarningsignisimpossible.Onereason:Quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan’tstudythemdirectly.

Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.PlaceslikeJapanandCaliforniaarefilledwithhundreds,ifnotthousands,ofminorfaults(斷層).Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.Andtheseinconspicuoussitescanbejustasdeadlyastheirbetter-knowncousinsliketheSanAndreasFault(圣安得列斯斷層).BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.

Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15year,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quakeresistant”structures,saysTerryTullis,ageophysicistatBrownUniversity.InKobe,forexample,ahighwaythatopenedonlylastyearwasdamaged.

IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-buil