考研考博-英語-安康學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安康學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theinformationonhowtoapplyforthemortgageloansis______inthebank.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.available

B.accessible

C.attainable

D.ascertainable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)available“可獲得的，可購得的”，B項(xiàng)accessible“易接近的，可進(jìn)入的”，C項(xiàng)attainable“可得到的，可達(dá)到的”，D項(xiàng)ascertainable“可查明的，可確定的”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)表語修飾主語information“信息”，把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入，只有available符合語境。句意：有關(guān)如何申請按揭貸款的資料可以在銀行里找到。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Igavethecarathorough（）beforebuyingit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspection

B.review

C.survey

D.check-up

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspection“視察，檢查（更加仔細(xì)）”；B選項(xiàng)review“回顧，檢查”；C選項(xiàng)survey“調(diào)查”；D選項(xiàng)check-up“檢查，核對（比較隨意）”。句意：我把車_____了一遍才買下來。本句表達(dá)的是“將車子徹底檢查一遍才買下來”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Weleftthemeeting,thereobviously（

）nopointinstaying.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.were

B.tobe

C.being

D.having

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我們離開了會(huì)議，因?yàn)榱粝聛盹@然沒有什么意義。

語法題?？疾閠herebe句型。thereisnopointindoingsth.表示“做某事沒有用或沒有意義”,因此排除D。前半句已經(jīng)是完整句子,因此后半句可以是非謂語充當(dāng)原因狀語。因此C項(xiàng)being正確。

4.單選題

AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.Theexperimentswereconductedbyapsychologist,JohnB.Calhoun,andhisassociates.Ineachoftheseexperiments,anequalnumberofmaleandfemaleadultratswereplacedinanenclosureandgivenanadequatesupplyoffood,water,andothernecessities.Theratpopulationswereallowedtoincrease.Calhounknewfromexperienceapproximatelyhowmanyratscouldliveintheenclosureswithoutexperiencingstressduetoovercrowding.Heallowedthepopulationtoincreasetoapproximatelytwicethisnumber.Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.Heandhisassociatesthencarefullyobservedandrecordedbehaviorintheseoverpopulatedcommunities.Attheendoftheirexperiments,Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindofsocialdisease.Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.

Thefemalesintheratpopulationwerethemostseriouslyaffectedbythehighpopulationdensity:Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior:theydidnotbehaveasmotherratsnormallydo.Infact,manyofthepups,asratbabiesarecalled,diedasaresultofpoormaternalcare.Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups,and,withouttheirmothers’care,thepupsdieD.Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.However,theexperimentsverifiedthatinoverpopulatedcommunities,motherratsdonotbehavenormally.Theirbehaviormaybeconsideredpathologicallydiseased.

Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.Eachofthesestrongmalesclaimedanareaoftheenclosureashisown.Therefore,theseindividualsdidnotexperiencetheovercrowdinginthesamewayastheotherratsdiD.Thefactthatthedominantmaleshadadequatespaceinwhichtolivemayexplainwhytheywerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyoverpopulationastheotherrats.However,dominantmalesdidbehavepathologicallyattimes.Theirantisocialbehaviorconsistedofattacksonweakermale,female,andimmaturerats.Thisdeviantbehaviorshowedthateventhoughthedominantmaleshadenoughlivingspace,theytoowereaffectedbythegeneralovercrowdingintheenclosure.

Non-dominantmalesintheexperimentalratcommunitiesalsoexhibiteddeviantsocialbehavior.Somewithdrewcompletely;theymovedverylittleandateanddrankattimeswhentheotherratsweresleepinginordertoavoidcontactwiththem.Othernon-dominantmaleswerehyperactive;theyweremuchmoreactivethanisnormal,chasingotherratsandfightingeachother.Thissegmentoftheratpopulation,tikealltheotherparts,wasaffectedbytheoverpopulation.Thebehaviorofthenon-dominantmalesandoftheothercomponentsoftheratpopulationhasparallelsinhumanbehavior.PeopleindenselypopulatedareasexhibitdeviantbehaviorsimilartothatoftheratsinCalhoun’sexperiments.InlargeurbanareassuchasNewYork,London,MexicanCity,andCairo,thereareabandonedchildren.Therearecruel,powerfulindividuals,bothmenandwomen.Therearealsopeoplewhowithdrawandpeoplewhobecomehyperactive.Thequantityofotherformsofsocialpathologysuchasmurder,rape,androbberyalsofrequentlyoccurindenselypopulatedhumancommunities.Istheprincipalcauseofthesedisordersoverpopulation?Calhoun'sexperimentssuggestthatitmightbe.Inanycase,socialscientistsandcityplannershavebeeninfluencedbytheresultsofthisseriesofexperiments.

1.Paragraph1isorganizedaccordingto（）.

2.Calhounstabilizedtheratpopulation（）.

3.WhichofthefollowinginferencesCANNOTbemadefromtheinformationinParA.1.

4.Whichofthefollowingbehaviordidn'thappeninthisexperiment?

5.Themainideaoftheparagraphthreeisthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reasons

B.experiments

C.examples

D.definition

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.whenitwasdoublethenumberthatcouldliveintheenclosurewithoutstress

B.byremovingyoungrats

C.ataconstantnumberofadultratsintheenclosure

D.alloftheabovearecorrect

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Calhoun'sexperimentisstillconsideredimportanttoday.

B.Overpopulationcausespathologicalbehaviorinratpopulations.

C.Stressdoesnotoccurinratcommunitiesunlessthereisovercrowding

D.Calhounhadexperimentedwithratsbefore.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Allthemaleratsexhibitedpathologicalbehavior.

B.Motherratsabandonedtheirpups.

C.Femaleratsshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior

D.Motherratslefttheirratbabiesalone.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dominantmaleshadadequatelivingspace

B.dominantmaleswerenotasseriouslyaffectedbyovercrowdingastheotherrats

C.dominantmalesattackedweakerrats

D.thestrongestmalesarealwaysabletoadapttobadconditions

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“AclassicseriesofexperimentstodeterminetheeffectsofoverpopulationoncommunitiesofratswasreportedinFebruaryof1962inanarticleinScientificAmerican.”中文翻譯為：1962年2月，一篇發(fā)表在《科學(xué)美國人》雜志上的文章報(bào)道了一組經(jīng)典的實(shí)驗(yàn)，以確定過量種群對老鼠群落的影響。結(jié)合后文，可以得知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵字ratpopulation可以定位到文章第一段中“Thenhestabilizedthepopulationbyremovingoffspringthatwerenotdependentontheirmothers.”中文翻譯為“然后，他通過移除那些不依賴母親的后代來穩(wěn)定人口。”因此B為正確答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由B項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Calhounandhisassociateswereabletoconcludethatovercrowdingcausesabreakdowninthenormalsocialrelationshipsamongrats,akindof.socialdisease.”中文翻譯為：卡爾霍恩和他的同事能夠得出結(jié)論，過度擁擠會(huì)導(dǎo)致老鼠之間正常的社會(huì)關(guān)系破裂，這是一種社會(huì)疾病。則排除B選項(xiàng)；由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Theratsintheexperimentsdidnotfollowthesamepatternsofbehaviorasratswouldinacommunitywithoutovercrowding.”中文翻譯為：實(shí)驗(yàn)中的老鼠沒有與生活在不過度擁擠環(huán)境的老鼠一樣遵循同樣的行為模式。則排除C選項(xiàng)；由D項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Calhounknewfromexperience...”中文翻譯為：卡爾霍恩從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中得知……，則排除D選項(xiàng)；可以得知A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由B項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Forexample,motherssometimesabandonedtheirpups”中文翻譯為：母親們有時(shí)會(huì)拋棄他們的幼崽……則排除B選項(xiàng)；由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Theyshoweddeviantmaternalbehavior”中文翻譯為：他們表現(xiàn)出異常的母性行為。則排除C選項(xiàng)；由D項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Undernormalconditions,amotherratwouldnotleaveherpupsalonetodie.”中文翻譯為：在正常情況下，一只老鼠媽媽不會(huì)讓她的幼崽獨(dú)自死去。則排除D選項(xiàng)；因此A項(xiàng)“所有雄性大鼠均表現(xiàn)出病態(tài)行為”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)B項(xiàng)“主導(dǎo)性的雄性老鼠并不像其他大鼠一樣嚴(yán)重地受到過度擁擠的影響”可以定位到文章第三段第一句“Thedominantmalesintheratpopulationweretheleastaffectedbyoverpopulation.”中文翻譯為：在大鼠種群中，主導(dǎo)性的雄性種群受到的影響最小。故選B。

5.單選題

Itisnoneofyourbusiness;youhavenorightto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disturb

B.interfere

C.interrupt

D.obtain

【答案】B

【解析】近義詞解析。disturb“打擾，妨礙”；interfere“干涉”；interrupt“打斷”；obtain“獲得”。句意：不關(guān)你的事，你沒有權(quán)利干涉。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

MyfavoriteradiosongistheoneIfirstheardonathick1923EdisondiscI________atagaragesale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trifledwith

B.scrapedthrough

C.stumbledupon

D.thirstedfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)“玩弄，心不在焉地做”；B選項(xiàng)“勉強(qiáng)通過”；C選項(xiàng)“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D選項(xiàng)“渴望”。句意：我最喜歡的廣播歌曲是愛迪生1923年的厚唱片里的一首，我第一次（）在車庫拍賣時(shí)上聽到的。從關(guān)鍵詞first和garagesale可以推測，聽到這首歌肯定不是自己渴望聽到的，是偶然聽到這首歌，覺得很好聽所以才會(huì)把第一次聽到這首歌的情形記得這么清楚。

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready.Itisnotlikelythateveryoneismistakeninthis;itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,andthusthatouropinionsdiffernotbecausesomemenarebetterendowedwithreasonthanothers,butonlybecausewedirectourthoughtsalongdifferentpaths,anddonotconsiderthesamethings,foritisnotenoughtohaveagoodmind:whatismostimportantistoapplyitrightly.Thegreatestsoulsarecapableofthegreatestvices;andthosewhowalkveryslowlycanadvancemuchfurther,iftheyalwayskeeptothedirectroad,thanthosewhorunandgoastray.

Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway.Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen.AndIknowofnootherqualitiesthanthesewhichmakefortheperfectionofthemind;forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts,Iamquitewillingtobelievethatitiswholeandentireineachofus,andtofollowinthecommonopinionofthephilosopherswhosaythattherearedifferencesofmoreorlessonlyamongtheaccidents,andnotamongtheforms,ornatures,ortheindividualsofasinglespecies.

11.Accordingtotheauthor,thethreeelementsthatcomprisetheperfectmindare（）.

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmind

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

12.Thebasicideaofthefirstparagraphmaybestatedasfollows:（）.

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

13.Abouthimselftheauthorstatesthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway

14.Theauthorclaimsthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

15.Accordingtotheauthor,theabilitytodistinguishbetweenthetrueandthefalseis（）.

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmind

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段開頭可知，“我”從未認(rèn)為自己的理智比一般人更完美，由此可推斷接下來作者將介紹完美理智的特點(diǎn)。由Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen（事實(shí)上，我常常希望我的思想能像別人那樣敏捷，我的想象力能像別人那樣精確而清晰，我的記憶力能像別人那樣豐富而迅速）可以推斷，作者認(rèn)為完美的理智需要的是敏捷的思維、精確清晰的想象力和快速的記憶力，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第2題:主旨大意題。第一段介紹了人們的理智是bynatureequalinallmen（天生就是平等的），之所以意見不一致，是因?yàn)樗季S方向不同，因此A選項(xiàng)“人生來就有著同樣的善意”符合題意。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第二段第一句Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway（就我而言，我從來沒有認(rèn)為我的頭腦比一般人更完美）可知D選項(xiàng)“他從未覺得自己的頭腦比一般人更完美”符合題意。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第三句中的forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts（因?yàn)橹挥欣碇遣拍苁刮覀兂蔀槿?，才能使我們區(qū)別于野獸）可知D選項(xiàng)“理智”正確。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第一段第二句中的theabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen（人們辨別是非的能力，就其本質(zhì)而言即理性，天生就是平等的）可知B選項(xiàng)“被平等地賦予所有人”正確。

8.翻譯題

Forthoseplayingthegameofscience,themethodbywhichtheyascertainwhattheybelieveiscrucial.Theyhavetoevaluatedataandargumentsanddecideforthemselvesontheirvalidity.Scientistscommunicatingtoothershavethetaskofconvincingthehearersofthevalidityoftheirstatementsintermsofthedataandtheirexplanationsofthedata.Theyarenotplayingthegamecorrectlyiftheywinsupportbythestrengthoftheirpersonalityorprestige.Intheshortrunscientistsmayfollowanotheronthebasisofprestige,butthiscannotcontinueindefinitely.Itisuptothehearerstoevaluatewhatthescientistssayratherthanacceptitbecausetheysayit.Andtheculminationofthisenterpriseisthedeterminationofwhethertheexplanationsaccountforthedataobserved.Therelationshipbetweenscientificexplanationsanddatahelpstoensuretheintegrityofscientists.Iftheirfindingsareimportant,theycanbesurethattheirtheoriesanddatawillbeexaminedcriticallyandnewevidenceattained.

Itisthesystemofdata-basedexplanationthatdistinguishessciencefromdogma.Scientistshaveboththerightandtheresponsibilitytodecideforthemselves,onthebasisofevidenceathand,thebestexplanationofasetofphenomena.Ontheotherhand,dogma(religious,economic,politicalorsocial)dependsonpronouncementsbyestablishedauthorities.

【答案】【參考譯文】

對于那些玩科學(xué)游戲的人來說，用什么方法來確定相信什么至關(guān)重要。他們必須評估數(shù)據(jù)和論點(diǎn)，并自己判斷其正確性。科學(xué)家在與他人交流時(shí)，需要讓聽者相信他們的數(shù)據(jù)陳述及其對數(shù)據(jù)解釋的正確性。如果他們以自己的個(gè)性或威望贏得支持，就沒有遵循正確的游戲之道。在短期內(nèi)，科學(xué)家們可能會(huì)基于聲望而追隨另一個(gè)科學(xué)家，但這種情況不可能無限期地持續(xù)下去。聽者應(yīng)該評估科學(xué)家所說的，而不是因?yàn)樗麄冋f了就接受。而這一事業(yè)的頂級目標(biāo)是確定解釋到了觀測到的數(shù)據(jù)?？茖W(xué)解釋與數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系有助于確?？茖W(xué)家的完整性。如果他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)是重要的，就可以確信他們的理論和數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)得到嚴(yán)格的檢驗(yàn)，并獲得新的證據(jù)。

正是基于數(shù)據(jù)的解釋，系統(tǒng)將科學(xué)與教條區(qū)分開來?？茖W(xué)家有權(quán)利也有責(zé)任根據(jù)手頭的證據(jù)，自行做出對一系列現(xiàn)象的最佳解釋。另一方面，教條（宗教的、經(jīng)濟(jì)的、政治的或社會(huì)的）取決于權(quán)威的觀點(diǎn)。

9.單選題

Librariesareaninvestmentforthefutureandshouldnotbeallowedtofallinto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dissolution

B.decay

C.decline

D.depression

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dissolution“分解，溶解”；B選項(xiàng)decay“衰退，衰減；衰?。桓癄€，腐朽”；C選項(xiàng)decline“下降；衰退；斜面”；D選項(xiàng)depression“沮喪；憂愁；抑郁癥；洼地；不景氣；低氣壓區(qū)”。題干大意說，圖書館是將來的一種投資，不允許（圖書館）掉入（）。常識儲(chǔ)備：當(dāng)今社會(huì)我們并沒有注意圖書館的價(jià)值，現(xiàn)在的圖書館是冷冷清清，一副衰退、衰亡的景象。其實(shí)體現(xiàn)一個(gè)國家、民族的真正素質(zhì)就是看圖書館是否冷冷清清。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Themechanicjackedupthecarandthen（）tochangethetire.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advanced

B.went

C.moved

D.proceeded

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)advanced“提出，前進(jìn)”；B選項(xiàng)went“達(dá)到，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)moved“移動(dòng)，搬動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)proceeded“繼續(xù)，進(jìn)行”。句意：機(jī)械工用千斤頂把汽車頂起來，然后開始換輪胎。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Theairportpolicewho______thegirlconcludedthatshewasinnocentandhadn’tknownaboutthedrugs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interrogated

B.shrouded

C.ratified

D.muffled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)interrogate“審問，質(zhì)問”，B項(xiàng)shroud“覆蓋，包以尸衣”，C項(xiàng)ratify“批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可”，D項(xiàng)muffle“蒙住，裹住，抑制”。由police“警察”可知，______thegirl表示“審問那個(gè)女孩”。句意：機(jī)場警察審問了這個(gè)女孩，得出的結(jié)論是她是無辜的，不知道毒品的事。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Ourcountryhadmadegreateffortstopromotethefamily-planningpolicy,but（）thebirthrateisgettinghigherandhigher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asitwere

B.asitis

C.asitwas

D.asisit

【答案】C

【解析】asitwere可以說是，似乎就是，好像；asitis實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上，既然如此；asitwas事實(shí)上，結(jié)果

卻是；asisit搭配錯(cuò)誤。句意：我國為推行計(jì)劃生育政策做出了巨大的努力，但出生率卻越來越高。根據(jù)句意可知，句子的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該為過去時(shí)所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

13.單選題

Therearethreeseparatesourcesofhazard（1）totheuseofnuclearreactiontosupplyuswithenergy.Firstly,theradioactivematerialmusttravelfromitsplaceofmanufacturetothepowerstation.（2）thepowerstationsthemselvesaresolidlybuilt,thecontainerusedfortransportofthematerialarenot.Unfortunately,thereare（3）onlytwomethodsoftransportavailable,（4）roadorrail,andbothofthese（5）closecontactwiththegeneralpublic,（6）theroutesare（7）topassnear,oreventhrough,（8）populatedareas.

Secondly,thereisaproblemofwasters.Allnuclearpowerstationsproducewasteswhich（9）willremainradioactiveforthousandsofyears.Itis（10

）tode-activethesewastes,andsotheymustbestored（11

）oneoftheingeniousbutcumbersomewaysthatscientistshaveinvented.Forexample,theymustbeburiedundertheground（12

）sunkinthesea.However,these（13

）donotsolvetheproblemcompletely,theymerelystoreit,sinceanearth-quakecould（14

）openthecontainerslikenuts.

Thirdly,thereistheproblemofaccidentalexposure（15

）toaleakoranexplosionatthepowerstation.（16

）withtheothertwohazards,thisisnotverylikelyanddoesnotprovideaserious（17

）tothenuclearprogram,（18

）itcanhappen,astheinhabitantsofHarrisburgwilltellyou.

Separately,andduringshortperiods,thesethreetypesofriskarenogreatcauseforconcern.（19

）,though,andespecially（20

）muchlongerperiods,theprobabilityofadisasterisextremelyhigh.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.related

B.connected

C.associated

D.affiliated

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hence

B.Although

C.Therefore

D.However

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.regularly

B.typically

C.normally

D.commonly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.suchas

B.forexample

C.forinstance

D.namely

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.concern

B.involve

C.include

D.contain

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.although

C.while

D.so

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.bound

B.close

C.near

D.sure

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.much

B.heavily

C.closely

D.crowdedly

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.inmostcases

B.inthemostcases

C.inanycases

D.insuchcases

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.important

B.improbable

C.impossible

D.incredible

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.by

C.with

D.on

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.then

B.than

C.or

D.and

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.means

B.ways

C.measures

D.methods

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.crack

B.crash

C.clash

D.collide

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.attached

B.due

C.relevant

D.owing

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.contacted

B.compared

C.matched

D.contrasted

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.disapproval

B.disagreement

C.protest

D.objection

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.but

B.since

C.so

D.hence

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.Takingtogether

B.Takentogether

C.Havingtakentogether

D.Havingbeentakentogether

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.at

C.over

D.for

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:A

【解析】（1）這里表示與...相關(guān),用relatedto。connectedto指與...相連接；associated后面通常接介詞with；affiliatedto指使...隸屬于。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（2）根據(jù)原文,電站本身是堅(jiān)固的,用于運(yùn)輸材料的集裝箱卻不是。所以這里用Although表轉(zhuǎn)折。Hence和Therefore都表因此；However用在此處句意不通。

（3）根據(jù)原文,不幸的是,只有兩種運(yùn)輸方法。normally表通常地,一般地,通常強(qiáng)調(diào)其正常性；regularly定期地；typically典型地；commonly一般地,普通地,通常強(qiáng)調(diào)共性。所以,選項(xiàng)C更符合原文。

（4）namely也就是...,即是...；選項(xiàng)A,B,C都是比如,舉例的意思。根據(jù)上一句,只有兩種運(yùn)輸方法,也就是公路或鐵路運(yùn)輸。不存在舉例的情況,所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

（5）根據(jù)原文,這兩種運(yùn)輸方法都涉及與公眾的密切接觸。concern比較側(cè)重單純的關(guān)聯(lián)性,而involve指涉及到問題。所以選項(xiàng)B更符合原文語境。

（6）根據(jù)原文,后面的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是對上一句的解析說明,所以用since表原因。

（7）boundto為習(xí)慣搭配,表示必然,一定會(huì)。句意：這些路線必然要經(jīng)過人口密集地區(qū)附近。

（8）Heavilypopulatedareas指人口密集地區(qū)。指人口密集用副詞heavily。

（9）inmostcases在大多數(shù)情況下,為固定搭配,沒有定冠詞the。inanycases無論如何；insuchcases在這種情況下。根據(jù)原文,所有的核電站都會(huì)產(chǎn)生廢物,在大多數(shù)情況下,這些廢物在數(shù)千年內(nèi)仍具有放射性。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（10）根據(jù)原文,要使這些廢物失去活性是不可能的。Improbable指不大可能的,未必確定的,不是完全沒有可能；impossible指完全沒有可能,更確切。根據(jù)下文可知,這些廢物只能儲(chǔ)存起來,所以用impossible更符合原文。incredible難以置信的,驚人的。

（11）通過什么樣的方法儲(chǔ)存起來用介詞by。原文指通過科學(xué)家們發(fā)明的一種巧妙但麻煩的方法儲(chǔ)存起來。

（12）根據(jù)原文,埋在地下或者沉入海底,表示并列的關(guān)系,用or。

（13）根據(jù)原文,然而,這些方法并不能完全解決問題,它們只是儲(chǔ)存。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有措施方法的意思,means強(qiáng)調(diào)的是處理問題的手段；way是通用詞,用在本文中意義太寬泛；measures強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對策,措施；method強(qiáng)調(diào)做某件事的具體步驟或程序。所以選項(xiàng)D更符合原文。

（14）考查近義詞辨析。crack破裂,爆裂；crash摔碎,墜落；clash碰撞；collide碰撞。根據(jù)原文,地震會(huì)像堅(jiān)果一樣把容器砸開。地震的沖擊力是很大的,應(yīng)該是猛烈的撞開,所以選項(xiàng)B更適合。

（15）dueto表原因,原文指核電站意外暴露是由于發(fā)生泄漏或爆炸事故。owingto指歸功于,不符合原文。

（16）根據(jù)原文,這里指與其他兩種危險(xiǎn)相比,這種是不太可能的。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（17）disapproval不贊成,不喜歡；disagreement不一致；protest抗議；objection異議,拒絕的理由。句意：也不會(huì)對核項(xiàng)目提出嚴(yán)重的反對意見。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（18）根據(jù)原文,正如哈里斯堡的居民會(huì)告訴你的那樣,這是可能發(fā)生的。上文提到說第三種危險(xiǎn)不太可能會(huì)發(fā)生,但不意味著沒有可能,所以用but表轉(zhuǎn)折。

（19）考查分詞。這里的主語不是sb.而是三種風(fēng)險(xiǎn),所以不用-ing形式,而用分詞表示被動(dòng),選項(xiàng)B正確,意為綜合考慮。

（20）Period通常與in搭配,表示在...時(shí)期或周期內(nèi)。

14.單選題

Thepurposeoftheofficialinquiryisto（）thetruefactsleadingtothelossoftheshipatsea.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeat

B.comefor

C.comeinto

D.comeover

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。comeat達(dá)到，得到；comefor向……沖來；comeinto進(jìn)入；comeover過來。句意：官方調(diào)查的目的是查明導(dǎo)致船舶在海上失蹤的真實(shí)情況。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.單選題

Thunderstorms,withtheirjaggedburstsoflightingandroaringthunder,areactuallyoneofnature'sprimarymechanismsfortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere.Athunderstormstartswhenlow-lyingpocketsofwarmairfromthesurfaceoftheearthbegintorise.Thepocketofwarmairfloatupwardsthroughtheairabovethatisbothcoolerandheavier.Therisingpocketscoolastheirpressuredecreases,andtheirheatisreleasedabovethecondensationlinethroughtheformationofcumulusclouds.

Whatwillhappenwiththesecloudsdependsonthetemperatureoftheatmosphere.Inwinter,theairtemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesisnotextremelygreat,andthetemperatureoftherisingairmassdropsmoreslowly.Insummer,however,whenthereisahighaccumulationofheatneartheearth’ssurface,indirectcontrasttotheconsiderablycolderairhigherup,thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesismuchmorepronounced.Aswarmairrisesinthistypeofenvironment,thetemperaturedropsmuchmorerapidlythanitdoesinwinter;whenthetemperaturedropsmorethanfourdegreesFahrenheitperthousandfeetofaltitude,cumuluscloudsaggregateintoasinglemassivecumulonimbuscloud,orthunderhead.

Inisolation,asinglethunderstormisanimpressivebutfairlybenignwayforMotherEarthtodefusetrappedheatfromhersurface;thunderstorms,however,canappearinconcert,andtheresultingshow,whileextremelyimpressive,canalsoproveextraordinarilydestructive.Whenthereisalarge-scalecollisionbetweencoldairandwarmairmassesduringthesummermonths,asquallline,orseriesofthunderheads,maydevelop.Itiscommonforasqualllinetobeginwhenanadvancingcoldfrontmeetsupwithandforcesitselfunderalayerofwarmandmoistair,creatingalineofthunderstormsthatracesforwardatspeedsofapproximatelyfortymilesperhour.Asquallline,whichcanbehundredsofmileslongandcancontainfiftydistinctthunderheads,isamagnificentforceofnaturewithincrediblepotentialfordestruction.Withinthesqualllineoftennearitssouthernend,canbefoundsupercells,long-livedrotatingstormsofexceptionalstrengththatserveasthesourceoftornadoes.

1.Thetopicofthepassageis（）.

2.Theword"mechanism"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,insummer,（）.

4.Choosethedrawingbelowthatmostcloselyresemblesasquallline.

5.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageaboutsupercellsexceptthatthey（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedevelopmentofthunderstormsandsqualllines

B.thedevastatingeffectsoftornadoes.

C.Cumulusandcumulonimbusclouds

D.thepoweroftornados

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.machines

B.motions

C.methods

D.materials

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnotagreattemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudes.

B.thegreatertemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesmakesthunderstormsmorelikelytooccur.

C.thereisnotmuchcoldairwhichdropsmoreslowlythanitdoesinwinter.

D.thetemperatureofrisingairdropsmoreslowlythanitdoesinwinter.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.

B.

C.

D.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.areofshortduration.

B.havecirclingwinds.

C.haveextraordinarypower.

D.cangivebirthtotornadoes.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問文章主題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Thunderstorms,withtheirjaggedburstsoflightingandroaringthunder,areactuallyoneofnature'sprimarymechanismsfortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere.”可知，雷暴帶著鋸齒狀的閃電和轟鳴的雷聲，實(shí)際上是大自然把熱量從地球表面轉(zhuǎn)移到大氣中的主要方式之一。此處引出話題Thunderstorm。后文又圍繞Thunderstorm和squallline的形成進(jìn)行了論述，故A項(xiàng)“雷雨和颮線的形成”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“龍卷風(fēng)的毀滅性結(jié)果”和D項(xiàng)“龍卷風(fēng)的威力”在文中并未提及，可排除；C項(xiàng)“積云和積雨云”只是在文中有所提及，不能作為文章主題。因此，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

2.詞匯題。將mechanism定位到原文第一段，由“fortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere”可知，雷暴是為了將熱量從地表轉(zhuǎn)移到大氣中，因此這是一種大自然的原始方式，故C項(xiàng)methods含義最接近。A項(xiàng)machine表示“機(jī)器”；B項(xiàng)motion表示“動(dòng)作；移動(dòng)；手勢；議案”；D項(xiàng)material表示“材料”。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Whatwillhappenwiththesecloudsdependsonthetemperatureoftheatmosphere.”可知，積雨云的發(fā)生取決于大氣溫度。而根據(jù)“Insummer,...thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesismuchmorepronounced.Aswarmairrisesinthistypeofenvironment,thetemperaturedropsmuchmorerapidlythanitdoesinwinter...”可知，較高與較低海拔之間的溫差更顯著。因此，A項(xiàng)“較高與較低海拔之間沒有很大溫差”表述錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)“較高與較低海拔之間較大的溫差更可能發(fā)生雷雨”；C項(xiàng)“（夏天）沒有太多的冷空氣的溫度下降得比冬天更快”以及D項(xiàng)“（夏天）上升空氣的溫度比冬天下降得慢”均與原文不符。故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文最后一段“Asquallline,whichcanbehundredsofmileslongandcancontainfiftydistinctthunderheads,...”可知一條颮線可能長達(dá)數(shù)百英里，可容納50個(gè)不同的雷雨云砧。通俗的說就是由于雷暴云中強(qiáng)烈上升氣流到達(dá)對流層頂后，受到對流層頂（平流層下）強(qiáng)烈的水平氣流作用而不能繼續(xù)上升，從而向四周快速擴(kuò)散，形成云砧。由于對流層頂溫度很低，上升氣流中凝結(jié)的水汽以冰晶形式存在，冰晶隨風(fēng)擴(kuò)散，所以云砧看上去是白色的。由此可推測C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)圖像應(yīng)為“閃電”；B項(xiàng)圖像應(yīng)為“龍卷風(fēng)”；D項(xiàng)圖像應(yīng)為“晴間多云”。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文最后一段“Withinthesqualllineoftennearitssouthernend,canbefoundsupercells,long-livedrotatingstormsofexceptionalstrengththatserveasthesourceoftornadoes.”可知，在颮線的南端經(jīng)?？梢园l(fā)現(xiàn)超級單體，這是一種長期存在且又異常強(qiáng)大的旋轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)暴，是龍卷風(fēng)的源頭。由此可知，A項(xiàng)“持續(xù)時(shí)間短暫”與原文不符。而B項(xiàng)“有旋轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)”；C項(xiàng)“能量非凡”以及D項(xiàng)“可以引起龍卷風(fēng)”均與原文表述相符，故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

16.單選題

Theend______themeans.Thissayingimpliesevenawrongorunfairmethodmaybeallowedifth