考研考博-英語-包頭輕工職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-包頭輕工職業(yè)技術(shù)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Weneedtomakesurethatwe（）ourresourcesasfullyaspossible.

問題1選項

A.use

B.exploit

C.employ

D.explore

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞詞義辨析。use“使用”；exploit“開發(fā)，開拓”；employ“雇用”；explore“探索，探測”。句意：我們需要確保盡可能全面開發(fā)我們的資源。選項B符合題意。

2.翻譯題

Chinesecultureisdevelopedaroundcollectivismwhichstressescommunionandharmony.Westerncultureemphasizesindividualism.Intermsofeatingcustoms,chopsticksandknivesandforksaretwodisparateexpressionsofthisculturaldifference.TheChineseliketohavecommunalmealswhereeverybodyeatsoutofthesamebowloffood.Chopstickswereusedinordertodiscouragepeoplefromeatingmorethanothers.Thiswasnotonlyagoodwaytopreservecollectiveness,butalsotolimitindividualism.ItismorestraightforwardintheWest.Peopleeattheirmealsontheirownandthereisnorestrictiononhowtoeat.

【答案】中國文化推崇集體主義，崇尚共有，融合；西方文化崇尚個體。體現(xiàn)在吃飯的方式上就是筷子和刀叉的不同。中國人實行合餐制，用餐的人在一個盤中取食，用筷子可以限制個別人大量取食。如此一來，既保留了集體主義的形態(tài)，個人利益又不會受太大影響。西方人就簡單一些，每個人吃自己盤里的食物，吃法也沒有什么嚴格限制。

3.單選題

Didyouknowthatwomen’sbrainsaresmallerthanmen’s?Theaveragewomen’sbrainweights10%lessthanmen’s.Sinceresearchhasshownthatthebiggerthebrain,theclevertheanimal,menmustbemoreintelligentthanwomen.Right?Wrong.Menandwomenalwaysscoresimilarlyonintelligencetests,despitethedifferenceinbrainsize.Why?Afteryearsofstudy,researchershaveconcludedthatit’swhat’sinsidethatmatters,notjustthesizeofbrain.Thebrainconsistsof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthelatter,theamountof“thinking”brainisalmostexactlythesameinbothsexes.

Ithasbeensuggestedthatsmallerbrainappearstoworkfaster,perhapsbecausethetwosidesofthebrainarebetterconnectedinwomen.Thismeansthatlittlegirlstendtolearntospeakearlier,andthatwomencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametime.Whenitcomestotalkingtothebossonthephone,cookingdinnerandkeepinganeyeonthebabyailatthesametime,it’swomenwhocomeoutontopeverytime.

Thereareotherimportantdifferencesbetweentwosexes.Aswhitematteristhekeytospatialtasks,menknowbetterwherethingsareinrelationtootherthings.“Agreatfootballeralwaysknowswhereheisinrelationtotheotherplayers,andheknowswheretogo,”saysoneresearcher.Thatmayexplainoneoflife’sgreatmysteries:whymenrefusetoaskfordirections...andwomenoftenneedto!

Thedifferencesbeginwhenfetusesareaboutnineweeksold,whichcanbeseenintheactionofchildrenasyoungasone.Aboywouldtrytoclimbabarrierbeforehimorpushitdownwhileagirlwouldattracthelpfromothers.Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskillswhilemorewomenspeechskills.Itmayallgobacktoourancestors,amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohunt,accordingtotheresearch.

Ifallthisdisappointsyou,itshouldn’t.“Thebrainchangesthroughoutourlivesaccordingtowhatwedowithit.”saysabiologist.

1.Thepassagemainlytellsus（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

3.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs?

4.Whichofthefollowingdoyouagreewithaccordingtothefourthparagraph?

5.Whatisthewriter’sattitudeinwritingthispassage?

問題1選項

A.thedifferencesbetweenmen’sandwomen’sbrains

B.thechangesinbrainthroughoutourlives

C.thatmenarebetteratspatialtasks

D.thatbraindifferencesarerelatedtoourancestors

問題2選項

A.Women’sbrainis10%lessthanmen’s.

B.Greymatterplaysthesameroleaswhitematter.

C.Greymattercontrolsthinkinginthebrain.

D.Bothsexeshavethesameamountofwhitematter.

問題3選項

A.Womenpreferdoingmanythingsatatime.

B.Mendobetterdealingwithonejobatatime.

C.Womendonotneedtotelldirections.

D.Menhaveweakerspatialabilities.

問題4選項

A.Youngboysmaybestrongerthanyounggirls.

B.Morewomentakeupjobsrequiringspeechskills.

C.Womenmayhavestrongerfeelingsthanmen.

D.Ourancestorsneededmorespatialskills.

問題5選項

A.Defensive

B.Persuasive

C.Supportive

D.Objective

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章首先通過否定腦袋越大的動物越聰明，所以男性一定比女性聰明的論斷來引出文章的中心論點，即男女性在智利方而是沒有什么差異的，是他們的大腦構(gòu)造的不同導致了知識的掌握以及行為等方面的不同。因此選項A“男女性大腦的不同”比較能概括全文。

2.判斷推理題。選項A“女性的大腦比男性輕10%”，根據(jù)文章第一段Theaveragewomen'sbrainweights10%lessthanmen’s.中的關(guān)鍵詞average“平均”可知選項A表述不夠準確，不是所有的女性的大腦都比男性輕10%；根據(jù)文章第一段中的Thebrainconsistsof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthelatter,theamountof“thinking”brainisalmostexactlythesameinbothsexes.“大腦包括‘大腦灰質(zhì)”和‘白質(zhì)’，盡管男性有更多的白質(zhì)，但男女‘思維’幾乎是相同的”可以推斷出大腦灰質(zhì)是“思維型”，而根據(jù)文章第三段中的Aswhitematteristhekeytospatialtasks...“由于對于完成需要空間思維的任務至關(guān)道要……”可知白質(zhì)是“空間想象型”，故選項B“灰質(zhì)和白質(zhì)所起到的作用相同”和選項D“男女性擁有等量的白質(zhì)”錯誤，而選項C“大腦灰質(zhì)控制思維”正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的womencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametime.“女性大腦可以同吋處理來自不同地方的多種信息”可以推斷出選項A“女性愿意同時做多件事”正確；選項B“男性能更好地在一個吋間內(nèi)處理—件事情”在文章中沒有體現(xiàn)；根據(jù)文章第三段中的whymenrefusetoaskfordirections...andwomenoftenneedto!“為什么男性不會去詢問有關(guān)方向的問題，而女性卻常常問這樣的問題”可知選項C“女性不需要辨別方向”和選項D“男性的空間思維能力更弱”錯誤，故選A。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskillswhilemorewomenspeechskills(這些大腦的區(qū)別解釋了一種實際現(xiàn)象一一大部分男性都會從事需要很好的空間思維能力的工作而女性卻從事需要語言技巧的工作),可推斷出選項B“更多的女性從事需要語言技巧的工作”正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。這是一篇具有科普類性質(zhì)的文章，科普類的一般是客觀的，故答案選項為D“客觀的”。

4.單選題

Thesystemwasoriginallydeployedtopreciselylocatethepositionsofsoldiers,weapons,andtargetsby（

）geodeticlatitudeandlongitudecoordinates.

問題1選項

A.pinpointing

B.pointing

C.putting

D.recognizing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。pinpoint意為“確定，準確地指出”；point意為“指出”；put意為“放”；recognize意為“認出”。

句意：該系統(tǒng)最初是通過找出大地緯度和經(jīng)度坐標來精確定位士兵、武器和目標的位置。

5.單選題

Russia’seconomy—untilrecentlyoneofthefastestgrowinginEurope—isindirestraits.Traditionalindustriessuchassteelarehurtingbadly.Thedecade-longconsumerboomhasturnedintoaslumpasunemploymentsoars.Thegovernmenthascashtospendafteryearsofsensiblebudgetpolicies,butthecentralbankwillbeforcedtokeepinterestrateshighaslongasinflationisstuckindoubledigitsandtrustintherubleremainsshaky.

ThereversalinRussia’seconomicfortunesisparticularlypainful.Since1998—theyearofRussia’slastfinancialcrisis—theeconomyhasexpandedeight-fold.Asoilpricesrocketed,sodidthecountry’sself-confidence.Notcontentwithpresidingovertheeconomicboom,thePresidentVladimirPutinvowedtorestorehiscountry’sgreatpowerstatus.TalksaboutapartnershipwiththeWestgavewaytobelligerentstatementsaboutanewColdWar.Inthesummerof2008,RussiantankstrundledintoGeorgia.Inearly2009,adisputewithneighboringUkraineledRussiatocutoffgasflows,leavingpeopleinsomeEuropeanUnioncountriesfreezingandfactoriesidle.MostEuropeanswanttoseeRussiastableandwell-off.Buttheyalsobelievethattheeconomiccrisismightbringopportunitiesforapoliticalrapprochement.SomehopethattherecessionmightjustmaketheRussianleadershipalittlemorehumbleoratleasttriggerreformsthatwouldmakeiteasierfortheE.U.tostrengthentradeandinvestmentlinks.

ButwhileRussia’srelationswiththeU.S.havebeenthawingsinceBarackObamatookovertheWhiteHouse,E.U.-Russiarelationsremainfrosty.Talksaboutanewbilateraltreatyonpoliticalandeconomiccooperationhavemadelittleheadway.HopesforafreetradeagreementbetweenBrusselsandMoscowhavewitheredafterRussiaputitsapplicationformembershipintheWorldTradeOrganizationonice.E.U.-Russiaenergycooperationremainsstuck,whichincreasestheriskofyetanothergascrisis.EuropeanshaverespondedtoMoscow’sideasaboutconstructinga“newEuropeansecurityarchitecture”withadistinctlackofenthusiasm.

Mostimportantly,perhaps,RussiaisincensedaboutE.U.effortstodrawthecountriesthatliebetweentheE.U.andRussiacloserintoitsorbit.RussiahastraditionallyregardedUkraine,Belarus,MoldovaandotherformerSovietstatesalongitsborderasits“privilegedsphereofinfluence”,inthewordsofPresidentDmitryMedvedev.TheE.U.’snew“EasternPartnership”initiative,launchedinMay,offersthesecountrieseconomicintegrationandstrongerpoliticalties.AlthoughtheE.U.hasshiedawayfromtalkingabouttheprospectofmembership,howeverdistant,ithopestohelpitseasternneighborstobecomericher,morestableandmoredemocratic.ThiswouldleavethembetterequippedtowithstandRussianmeddlingandbullying.

MoscowisparticularlyunhappyabouttheE.U.’soffertoincludeBelarus—traditionallyastaunchMoscowally—intheEasternPartnership,albeitontheconditionthatMinskimproveitsshoddyhuman-rightsrecord.WhentheE.U.recentlyofferedamultibillion-dollarloantohelpmodernizetheUkrainianpipelinesystem—conduitfor70%ofRussiangassalestoEurope一Russianleaderswerefurious.MoscowhasalsotriedtofoilEuropeanattemptstobuildstrongerenergylinkswithAzerbaijan.PotentialforconflictexistsinGeorgia,whereE.U.observersaretheonlyonesleftafterRussiaforceOrganizationforSecurityandCooperationinEuropeandUnitedNations’monitorstoleaveAbkhaziaandSouthOssetia.

WaryofcedinginfluencetoEurope,theRussianshavesteppedupeffortstomaintaintheirtraditionalfightingweightintheregion.TheyhavegivenlargeloanstoneighborshitbytheeconomiccrisisandsoughttostrengthenregionalsecurityandeconomicorganizationsthattietheirneighborsclosertoMoscow.Theyhavealsotakenamorehands-onapproachto“frozenconflicts”inMoldovaandtheCaucasustokeepneighboringgovernmentsontheirtoes.

E.U.officialsliketoinsistthatitseasternpolicydoesnotclashwithRussianinterestsintheircommonneighborhood.TheyhaveaskedRussiatotakepartinsomeregionalinitiativessuchasanefforttostrengthenenergysecurity.Sofar,though,Russiahasrefusedtoplayball.ButtheE.U.cannotsimplypullbackandallowRussiatodominateEasternEurope.Itmuststickfirmlytoitsobjectiveofhelpingitsneighborstodecidetheirowndestiny.IfEuropeistoremaincredible,thereisnoothercourseworthpursuing.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitleswouldbestdescribethisarticle?

2.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?

3.Fortheauthor,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesPresidentPutin’sattitude?

4.Whatdoesthephrase“ontheirtoes”mean?

5.Fortheauthor,whichofthefollowingshouldbeconsideredatopprioritytoensurepeaceandstabilityinEasternEurope?

問題1選項

A.EuropeandRussia’sContinentalRift.

B.Russia’sGeopoliticalRole.

C.FinancialandEconomicMayheminRussia.

D.CrisisAvertedbetweenRussiaandE.U.

問題2選項

A.Argumentative.

B.Satirical.

C.Objective.

D.Critical.

問題3選項

A.Diplomatic.

B.Pugnacious.

C.Pusillanimous.

D.Infantile.

問題4選項

A.Torenderneighboringgovernmentsimpotent.

B.Toweakentheresolveoftheneighboringgovernments.

C.Tokeeptheneighboringgovernmentsonastateofconstantalert.

D.Togainthesupportoftheneighboringgovernments.

問題5選項

A.TheE.U.shouldacknowledgeRussia’spanEuropeaninitiatives.

B.Russia’snewsecurityandenergyinitiativeswillfosterpanEuropeancooperation.

C.Russiamustagreetopromotebilateral,multilateralandregionaleconomiccooperation.

D.E.U.shouldacknowledgeRussia’spanEuropeaninitiatives.B.Russia’snewsecurityandenergyinitiativeswillfosterpanEuropeancooperation.C.Russiamustagreetopromotebilateral,multilateralandregionaleconomiccooperation.D.

E.U.shouldacknowledgeRussia’spanEuropeaninitiatives.B.Russia’snewsecurityandenergyinitiativeswillfosterpanEuropeancooperation.C.Russiamustagreetopromotebilateral,multilateralandregionaleconomiccooperation.D.E.U.shouldacknowledgeRussia’spanEuropeaninitiatives.B.Russia’snewsecurityandenergyinitiativeswillfosterpanEuropeancooperation.C.Russiamustagreetopromotebilateral,multilateralandregionaleconomiccooperation.D.E.U.shouldacknowledgeRussia’spanEuropeaninitiatives.B.Russia’snewsecurityandenergyinitiativeswillfosterpanEuropeancooperation.C.Russiamustagreetopromotebilateral,multilateralandregionaleconomiccooperation.D.BilateralcontactsbetweenRussiaandindividualE.U.memberstatesreinforceratherthanunderminecommonE.U.objectives.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.主旨大意題。文章開頭首先提到俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟遭遇困境，接著說到俄羅斯對于歐盟想要將鄰國拉入勢力范圍的做法感到憤怒，并提到俄羅斯加緊在歐盟保持自己的戰(zhàn)斗力。因此文章主要講述的就是歐盟和俄羅斯在歐洲的分歧和爭端。A選項符合題意。

第2題:2.主旨大意題。文章使用了一些詞匯：dispute“爭端；爭執(zhí)”、incense“激怒”、“particularlyunhappy“極度不高興的”等詞語，可知整體語氣傾向于A選項argumentative“好爭論的”。

第3題:3.觀點態(tài)度題。本題問的是PresidentPutin的態(tài)度。文章第二段提到了“Putinvowedtorestorehiscountry’sgreatpowerstatus.TalksaboutapartnershipwiththeWestgavewaytobelligerentstatementsaboutanewColdWar.”他發(fā)誓要恢復俄羅斯的大國地位，好戰(zhàn)的言論代替了與西方合作的談話。因此B選項pugnacious“好戰(zhàn)的；好斗的”符合題意。

第4題:4.詞義題。詞條出現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段最后“Theyhavealsotakenamorehands-onapproachto‘frozenconflicts’inMoldovaandtheCaucasustokeepneighboringgovernmentsontheirtoes.”他們對鄰國地區(qū)和政府采取了一些措施，只會使鄰國政府提高警惕，ontheirtoes就表示“警覺的”，C選項符合題意。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到“Somehopethattherecessionmight…triggerreformsthatwouldmakeiteasierfortheE.U.tostrengthentradeandinvestmentlinks”，一些人希望經(jīng)濟衰退能促使俄羅斯進行改革，這將使歐盟更容易增加貿(mào)易和投資。因此在作者看來，關(guān)鍵就在于俄羅斯，C選項“俄羅斯必須同意促進雙邊、多邊和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟合作”符合題意。

6.單選題

Afakecanbedefinedasanartworkintendedtodeceive.Themotivesofitscreatoraredecisive,andthemeritoftheobjectitselfisaseparateissue.ThequestionmarkinthetitleofMarkJones’sFake?TheArtofDeceptionrevealsthestudy’sbroaderconcerns.Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal?Andthetextbeginsbynothingavarietyofpossibilitiessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Theseincludeworksbyanartist’sfollowersinthestyleofthemaster,deliberatearchaism,copyingforpedagogicalpurposes,andtheproductionofcommercialfacsimiles.

ThegreaterpartofFake?isdevotedtoachronologicalsurveysuggestingthatfakingfeedsonthemanydifferentmotivespeoplehaveforcollectingart,andthat,onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes.InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.InmedievalEurope,becauseartwascelebratedmoreforitsdevotionalusesthanforitsprovenanceortheingenuityofitscreators,thefakingofartwasvirtuallynonexistent.ThemodernageoffakingbeganintheItalianRenaissance,withtwolinkeddevelopments:apassionateidentificationwiththeworldofantiquityandagrowingsenseofindividualartisticidentity.ApatronoftheyoungMichelangeloprevailedupontheartisttomakehisSculptureSleepingCupidlookasthoughithadbeenburiedintheearthsothat“itwillbetakenforantique,andyouwillsellitmuchbetter.”Withinafewyears,however,beginningwithhisfirstmasterpiece,theBacchus,Michelangelohadshownhiscontemporariesthatgreatartcanassimilateandtranscendwhatcamebefore,resultinginawhollyoriginalwork.Soonhisgeniusmadehimtheobjectofimitators.

Fake?Alsoremindsusthatincertainculturesauthenticityisaforeignconcept.ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.Asanillustration,thestudycomparestwoversionsofachiwaramaskmadebytheBambarapeopleofMali.Onehaspegsallowingittobeattachedtoacapforitsintendedceremonialpurpose.Thesecond,otherwiseidentical,lacksthepegsandisareplicamadeforsale.Africancarvingisnotoriouslydifficulttodate,buteveniftheritualmaskisrecent,madeperhapstoreplaceadamagedpredecessor,andthereplicamucholder,onlytheritualmaskshouldbeseenasauthentic,foritistiedtotheform’soriginalfunction.That,atleast,istheconsensusoftheso-calledexperts.OnewonderswhethertheBambaranartistswouldagree.

56.Thepassagecanbestbedescribedasdoingwhichoneofthefollowing?

57.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’smainpoint?

58.TheauthorprovidesatleastoneexampleofeachofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

59.Theauthorimplieswhichoneofthefollowingabouttheartisticmeritsoffakes?

60.Bythestandarddescribedinthelastparagraphofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredauthentic?

問題1選項

A.Reconcilingvariedpointsofview.

B.Chroniclingtheevolutionofaphenomenon.

C.Exploringacomplexquestion.

D.Advocatinganewapproach.

問題2選項

A.Whetheraworkofartisfakeornotislessimportantthanwhetherithasartisticmerit.

B.Itispossibletoshowthataworkofartisfake,buttheauthenticityofaworknotbeprovedconclusively.

C.Avarietyofcircumstancesmakeitdifficulttodeterminewhetheraworkofartcanappropriatelybecalledafake.

D.Thefakingofarthasoccurredthroughouthistoryandinvirtuallyeveryculture.

問題3選項

A.categoriesofartthatareneitherwhollyfakenorwhollyoriginal

B.contemporaryartistswhoseworkshaveinspiredfakes

C.qualitiesthatartcollectorshaveprizedintheiracquisitions

D.culturesinwhichthefakingofartflourished

問題4選項

A.Afakemayormaynothaveartisticmeritinitsownright,regardlessofthecircumstancesofitsproduction.

B.Whetherafakehasartisticmeritdependsonwhetheritscreatorisaccomplishedasanartist.

C.Theartisticmeritoffakedependsonthemeritoftheoriginalworkthatinspiredthefake.

D.Afakecanbesaidtohaveartisticmeritonlyiftheattempteddeceptionissuccessful.

問題5選項

A.AnancientRomancopyofanancientGreeksculpture.

B.Amodernreconstructionofamedievalaltarpiecedesignedtoserveitstraditionalroleinaserviceofworship.

C.Aprintofapaintingsignedbytheartistwhopaintedtheoriginal.

D.ApaintingbegunbyRenaissancemasterandfinishedbyhisassistantsafterhisdeath.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“這篇文章可以最好的描述為在做下列哪一種事情？”。通讀全文可知，都在從各個角度講述贗品其實是另外一件藝術(shù)品這樣一個復雜的問題，作者認為雖然創(chuàng)造者的動機是欺騙性的，但是這件藝術(shù)品本身的特質(zhì)是另外一回事；而且在文中作者舉了相關(guān)的例子加以說明，例如第二段第二句InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.（在羅馬帝國時期，人們對收藏早期希臘藝術(shù)品有著廣泛的興趣，因此也熱衷于偽造藝術(shù)品。毫無疑問，現(xiàn)在作為“羅馬復制品”展出的許多雕塑最初被冒充為希臘雕塑）提到，羅馬的藝術(shù)品很多是希臘當時的仿造品，但是現(xiàn)在仍然被視為珍寶。通過分析，C項“探索一個復雜的問題”符合題意。A項“調(diào)和不同的觀點”，文中沒有提到不同的觀點；B項“記錄某一現(xiàn)象的演變”，文中也沒有記錄贗品現(xiàn)象的演變；D項“提倡新方法”不符合文章大意。因此該題選C。

57.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“下列哪個選項最好地表達了作者的主要觀點？”。根據(jù)文章的第一段Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal？Andthetextbeginsbynothingavarietyofpossibilitiessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Theseincludeworksbyanartist’sfollowersinthestyleofthemaster,deliberatearchaism,copyingforpedagogicalpurposes,andtheproductionofcommercialfacsimiles.（事實上，它可能同樣被命名為“原創(chuàng)？”；而且這篇文章一開始就沒有任何可能性介于這兩個極端之間；其中包括大師風格的追隨者的作品、有意的古語、為教學目的的復制以及商業(yè)復制品的生產(chǎn)）可知，一件藝術(shù)品在各種情況下都沒有可能性確定是贗品，所以C項“在各種各樣的情況下，很難確定一件藝術(shù)品是否可以被恰當?shù)胤Q為贗品”符合題意。A項“一件藝術(shù)品是否贗品并不重要，重要的是它是否有藝術(shù)價值”，根據(jù)最后一段第二句ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.（當收藏家認為一件物品的真?zhèn)稳Q于它的功能時，很多非洲藝術(shù)品都是如此）可知，一件藝術(shù)品的重要之處還在于它的功能，A項片面，所以不選；B項“有可能證明一件藝術(shù)品是贗品，但無法最終證明一件藝術(shù)品的真?zhèn)巍保闹刑岬經(jīng)]有任何可能證明一件藝術(shù)品是贗品，B項錯誤；D項“藝術(shù)造假在歷史上和幾乎每一種文化中都屢見不鮮”，選項本身沒有錯誤，但是這不是文章主要的內(nèi)容，文章主要是討論贗品和藝術(shù)品的之間的區(qū)別和關(guān)系。因此該題選C。

58.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“除了哪一項之外，作者至少為下列每一項提供了一個例子？”。A項“既非完全贗品也非完全原創(chuàng)的藝術(shù)類別”，根據(jù)文章第一段ThequestionmarkinthetitleofMarkJones’sFake？TheActofDeceptionrevealsthestudy’sbroaderconcerns.Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal？（馬克?瓊斯的《贗品：欺騙的藝術(shù)》一書，標題中的問號揭示了該研究更廣泛的擔憂。事實上，它可能同樣被命名為“原創(chuàng)?”）可知，A項有所提及；B項“當代藝術(shù)家的作品激發(fā)了贗品的創(chuàng)作靈感”，文中沒有相關(guān)提及的例子；根據(jù)第二段第一句fakingfeedsonthemanydifferentmotivespeoplehaveforcollectingart,andthat,onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes.（造假會助長人們收藏藝術(shù)品的多種不同動機，而且，總體而言，藝術(shù)收藏繁榮的時候，造假也就繁榮起來）可知，C項“這些品質(zhì)是藝術(shù)收藏家在他們的藏品中所珍視的”和D項“偽造藝術(shù)盛行的文化”都有提及，只有B選項沒有提到。因此該題選B。

59.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“作者暗示了下列哪一項是關(guān)于贗品的藝術(shù)價值？”。根據(jù)第二段第一句onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes（總體而言，藝術(shù)收藏繁榮的時候，造假也就繁榮起來）可知，贗品有沒有藝術(shù)價值，取決于藝術(shù)收藏是否盛行，所以A項“一件贗品本身可能有也可能沒有藝術(shù)價值，與它的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境無關(guān)”符合題意。B項“一個贗品是否有藝術(shù)價值，取決于它的創(chuàng)作者是否作為一個藝術(shù)家完成”，根據(jù)第二段InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.（在羅馬帝國時期，人們對收藏早期希臘藝術(shù)品有著廣泛的興趣，因此也熱衷于偽造藝術(shù)品；毫無疑問，現(xiàn)在作為“羅馬復制品”展出的許多雕塑最初被冒充為希臘雕塑）可知，一個贗品是否有價值和它的創(chuàng)作者是不是藝術(shù)家無關(guān)，B項錯誤；C項“贗品的藝術(shù)價值取決于激發(fā)贗品靈感的原作的價值”，最后一段第二句提到ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.（當收藏家認為一件物品的真?zhèn)稳Q于它的功能時，很多非洲藝術(shù)品都是如此），由此可知贗品的藝術(shù)價值也可以取決于它的功能；D項“一件贗品只有在欺騙成功的情況下才可以說是有藝術(shù)價值的”，內(nèi)容與文章不符。因此該題選A。

60.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)文章最后一段所描述的標準，下列哪項會被認為是可信的？”。文章中最后一段第二句指出ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.（當收藏家認為一件物品的真?zhèn)稳Q于它的功能時，很多非洲藝術(shù)品都是如此），由此可知只有當收藏家是基于它的功能而把它視為藝術(shù)的時候，它才是真的；所以B項“現(xiàn)代重建的中世紀祭壇作品，為在禮拜儀式中發(fā)揮其傳統(tǒng)作用而設計的”符合題意。A項“古希臘雕塑的古羅馬復制品”不是最后一段的內(nèi)容；C項“由原畫作者簽名的一幅畫的復制品”和D項“一幅由文藝復興時期的大師開始，在他死后由他的助手完成的畫”在文中沒有相關(guān)的出處。因此該題選B。

7.單選題

______formanyyears,thenovelistsuddenlybecamefamous.

問題1選項

A.Havingignoredhim

B.Tobeignored

C.Havingbeenignored

D.Tohavebeenignored

【答案】C

【解析】考查分詞作狀語。題中的ignored和thenovelist是動賓關(guān)系，而不是主謂關(guān)系，即“被忽視”，故可排除表主動意義的A選項Havingignoredhim；B選項Tobeignored是不定式的被動式，表示將來意義，與句意不符；C選項Havingbeenignored現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式表示動作的完成，與主語的關(guān)系是邏輯上的被動；D選項tohavebeendone不能放句首。句意：被忽視了許多年后，這位小說家突然出名了。因此C選項正確。

8.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

當科學家希望用一種聲音說話時，他們往往會采用一種非常不科學的方式：共識報告。其理念是：將多個專家的知識濃縮為一種能夠解決爭議、幫助制定政策的單一看法，但是達成這種共識往往違背這些目標，并且會削弱其本欲凸顯的權(quán)威。專家小組開始會提出許多有價值的原理和建議。然而，形成專家共識的討論確實在“政治”上的共通性大于其在“科學”上的相同之處。

【答案】Whenscientistswanttospeakwithonevoice,theytendtodosoinaveryunscientificway:consensusreport.Theideaistocondensetheknowledgeofmultipleexpertsintoasingleviewthatcanresolvedisputesandhelppolicymaking.Butreachingsuchaconsensusoftendefeatsthosegoalsandunderminestheauthority.Thepanelwillbeginwithmanyvaluableprinciplesandsuggestions.However,thediscussionsthatformexpertconsensusdohavemoreintercommunitywith“politics”thanwith“science”.

9.單選題

Someanthropologistsclaimthatafewapeshavebeentaughtarudimentarysignlanguages,butskepticsarguethattheapesareonly______theirtrainers.

問題1選項

A.imitating

B.condoning

C.instructing

D.acknowledging

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。imitate“模仿，效仿”；condone“寬恕”；instruct“指導，命令”；acknowledge“承認，答謝”。句意：一些人類學家聲稱，一些類人猿已經(jīng)學會了基本的手語，但是疑論者認為這些類人猿只是模仿他們的訓練員。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:saltisbadforyouregardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard.“Thereisadirectrelationship,”UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,“betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn’tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.”Dustan’smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureexperiencednochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anade