淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯

1、淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯第1頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)44分，星期四On August 1, the gunboat began her mission, which was, in the eyes of the defenders, a provocative act and seemed to be part of the overall assault which had begun on July 31.分析：這個(gè)句子是由一個(gè)主句和兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句組成的?！癘n August 1, the gunboat began her mission”是主句，也是全句的中心內(nèi)容。主句后

2、面是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，其中又包含一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。這個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句比較短，所以在譯文中可以放在被修飾語(yǔ)“the overall assault”之前。全句共有三層意思：（1）炮艦8月1日開(kāi)始執(zhí)行任務(wù)；（2）在防御者看來(lái)這是一次挑釁；（3）炮艦8月1日開(kāi)始執(zhí)行任務(wù)這件事情似乎是7月31日開(kāi)始的全面攻擊的一個(gè)組成部分。原文所表達(dá)的邏輯關(guān)系、敘述順序與漢語(yǔ)趨于一致，因此可按順譯法來(lái)翻譯。譯文：炮艦于8月1日開(kāi)始執(zhí)行任務(wù)。在防御者的眼里，這是一次挑釁，而且似乎是7月31日發(fā)動(dòng)的全面攻擊的一個(gè)組成部分。第2頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)44分，星期四其它例子：In Africa I

3、 met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.譯文：在非洲，我遇到了一個(gè)男孩，他哭得心都快碎了。我問(wèn)他的時(shí)候，他說(shuō)他很餓，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)兩天沒(méi)吃東西了。As I got better, I began to add tricks, tossing the balls so that one went over the top of the others, or u

4、nder the others, or I bounced one off my head or elbow and still kept the pattern going.譯文：隨著我技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，我開(kāi)始加上花樣：拋球時(shí)讓一個(gè)球經(jīng)過(guò)其他球的上方，或者其他球的下方；或者我讓一個(gè)球彈在我的頭上或者臂肘上，并繼續(xù)按原來(lái)的方式拋球。Then five years later, when I was 21, my mother called me aside one day during the Christmas season and said, “Dan, how would you like t

5、o juggle for the Salvation Army dinner this year?”譯文：五年之后，當(dāng)我21歲時(shí)，母親在圣誕節(jié)期間的一天，把我叫到一邊說(shuō)：“丹，你愿不愿給救世軍的聚餐會(huì)表演雜耍？”第3頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)44分，星期四二、倒譯法有些英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的表達(dá)次序與漢語(yǔ)不同，甚至完全相反。這時(shí)，我們就該逆著原文的順序翻譯。Is it our sound and considered judgement that the tougher subjects of the classics and mathematics should be thrown a

6、side, as suggested by some educators, for doll-playing?分析：這個(gè)句子的真正主語(yǔ)是“the tougher subjects of the classics and mathematics should be thrown aside, as suggested by some educators, for doll-playing”，it只是一個(gè)形式主語(yǔ)。原文采用主語(yǔ)從句的目的是為了避免頭重腳輕。很明顯，漢語(yǔ)中不存在這類句子結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，這句話我們應(yīng)該逆著原句的順序，先翻主語(yǔ)從句，再譯主句內(nèi)容。譯文：正如某些教育學(xué)家所建議的那樣，將難懂的古

7、典文學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)棄之一邊，把時(shí)間和精力花在一些相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較容易學(xué)的科目上，這難道是我們經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)地思考而得出來(lái)的正確判斷嗎？第4頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)44分，星期四其它例子：And he knew how ashamed he would have been if his girl friend had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.譯文：他出身在這類人當(dāng)中，他出身在這種地方，他有這樣的母親，這些

8、要是讓他的女朋友知道了，他明白那將會(huì)多么得令人難堪。Or there are murder dinner parties, at which groups of friends get together to solve a crime over the dinner table, using specially prepared information about their character and their whereabouts.譯文：或者舉辦“謀殺案?jìng)善仆硌纭保阂蝗号笥言谝黄?，在餐桌上利用預(yù)先準(zhǔn)備好的關(guān)于人物性格和行蹤的線索破解一樁案件。Forty-five minutes la

9、ter I ended the performance with my final word of advice to the children: “If you want to succeed, at juggling or anything else, you have to keep trying. You can do it. Just never give up.”譯文：45分鐘以后，我給了孩子們一句忠告，作為節(jié)目的結(jié)束語(yǔ)：“不論是雜耍還是別的，如果你們想成功，就必須不斷地努力。你們能做到，只是永遠(yuǎn)不能放棄?！钡?頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)44分，星期四三、分譯法當(dāng)

10、英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句中的各個(gè)成分在意義上聯(lián)系并不十分密切時(shí)，我們可按漢語(yǔ)多用短句的習(xí)慣，將原文中的短語(yǔ)或從句翻譯成漢語(yǔ)獨(dú)立的句子。有時(shí)為了使語(yǔ)義連貫，還得在譯文中加上適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)。Feedback, which one-way communication like the printed page fails to provide, makes learning easy and, in the case of motor skills, is essential.分析：這句話的主句是“Feedback makes learning easy and, in the case of motor skills

11、, is essential”，其中“makes learning easy”和“in the case of motor skills, is essential”是兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)。另外，主句當(dāng)中還含有一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句which one-way communication like the printed page fails to provide。全句共有三層意思：（1）反饋能方便學(xué)習(xí)；（2）像印刷品之類的單向信息傳遞沒(méi)有反饋；（3）在學(xué)習(xí)駕駛摩托車技術(shù)的過(guò)程中，反饋必不可少。這三層意思都具有相對(duì)的獨(dú)立性，因此在翻譯的時(shí)候，我們可將原文拆開(kāi)來(lái)分別敘述。譯文：反饋能方便學(xué)習(xí)，而像印刷品之

12、類的單向信息傳遞就沒(méi)有反饋。在學(xué)習(xí)駕駛摩托車技術(shù)的過(guò)程中，反饋必不可少。 第6頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)44分，星期四其它例子：A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet bodys need

13、s but also to produce milk for her fawns.譯文：一只成熟的、狀態(tài)良好的母鹿會(huì)在11月份懷胎，并于5月底或6月初生下兩只幼鹿。之后，她必須去尋找食物以獲得必要的能量。這不僅是為了滿足她自身的需要，而且也是為了滿足喂奶給幼鹿喝的需要。I like the somewhat mild story of a school teacher and a principal of a high school who are concerned because some boys and girls have been seen kissing on the schoo

14、l playground.譯文：我喜歡那個(gè)關(guān)于一位中學(xué)教師和校長(zhǎng)因看見(jiàn)學(xué)生在學(xué)校操場(chǎng)上接吻而感到擔(dān)心的故事。故事并不過(guò)火。As one who has enjoyed humor since I first recognized it, Ive made an attempt to explain and discuss humor with students in such diverse cultures as Latin America and China.譯文：我是第一次辨識(shí)出幽默便喜歡上了它的人，因此我曾試圖跟學(xué)生議論和探討幽默。這些學(xué)生文化差異很大，有來(lái)自拉丁美洲的，也有來(lái)自中國(guó)的

15、。第7頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)44分，星期四四、綜合法有時(shí)，英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯單用一種方法解決不了問(wèn)題。這時(shí)，我們就應(yīng)該仔細(xì)推敲，綜合利用各種行之有效的翻譯技巧。New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past giving rise to new standards of elegance. 分析：此句先拆譯方式狀語(yǔ)從句as they have in the past，并將其譯文放于句首。在處理“New forms

16、 of thought as well as new subjects for thought”和“must arise in the future”時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該逆著原文的順序翻譯。至于全句后半部分的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)giving rise to new standards of elegance，只要按照原句的次序?qū)⑵渥詈笞g出就可以了。譯文：同過(guò)去一樣，今后必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對(duì)象，并給予典雅以新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。第8頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)44分，星期四其它例子：Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life

17、 becomes possible only when food is converted into energy which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive.譯文：能量在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中充當(dāng)貨幣的職能。只有當(dāng)食物轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槟芰?，并利用能量?lái)獲取更多的食物以供生長(zhǎng)、繁殖和生存時(shí)，生命才有可能誕生。Letters still get sent to “221b Baker Street, London ”, home of Sherlock Holmes, perhaps the most fam

18、ous fictional detective of all, asking for his help in solving a variety of mysteries.譯文：所有小說(shuō)里最有名的偵探也許是舍洛克福爾摩斯，他的住所是“倫敦貝克街221b號(hào)”?，F(xiàn)在仍有信件寄到那里，要求他幫忙解決各種各樣的謎案。On my first job as sports editor for the Montpelier (Ohio) Leader Enterprise, I didnt get a lot of fan mail, so I was intrigued by a letter that

19、was dropped on my desk one morning.譯文：我體育編輯， 是為蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州）的企業(yè)導(dǎo)報(bào)工作，當(dāng)時(shí)我很少收到體育迷的來(lái)信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封來(lái)信把我吸引住了。第9頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)44分，星期四1 When Grandma left her chair, Blitzen would quickly jump into the chair, flashing her Lab smile from sparkling brown eyes which clearly said, “I fooled you again.” 2

20、 Because of this English background of civil conflict, English-speaking America, where there was no religious war, as such, is often described as a land of refuge to which men and women came in order t enjoy the religious and political freedom denied them in their homeland. 3 Such is human nature in

21、 the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. 第10頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)44分，星期四When Grandma left her chair, Blitzen would quickly jump into the chair, flashing her Lab smile from sparkling brown eyes which clearly said

22、, “I fooled you again.” 順譯法譯文：外祖母從椅子上一起身，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，從它那閃亮的棕色眼睛里掠過(guò)一絲拉布拉多式的微笑，無(wú)疑是在說(shuō)：“你又上了我的當(dāng)。”Because of this English background of civil conflict, English-speaking America, where there was no religious war, as such, is often described as a land of refuge to which men and women came in order t enjoy

23、 the religious and political freedom denied them in their homeland. 順譯法譯文：因?yàn)橛?guó)存在著內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，在這種背景下，美洲這個(gè)講英語(yǔ)、又沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)宗教戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的大陸，常常被描述成流亡的樂(lè)土。人們?yōu)榱俗非笤诒緡?guó)被剝奪的宗教自由和政治自由而紛紛來(lái)到這片土地上。Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar

24、 workers. 倒譯法譯文：許多人常常寧愿犧牲比較高的工資來(lái)?yè)Q取白領(lǐng)工人的社會(huì)地位，這在西方倒是人之常情。第11頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)44分，星期四4 It is reasonable to say that the truly humorous individual is not only well liked, but is often the focus of attention in any gathering. 5 First is the SETUP (or setting), next is the BODY (or story line), and t

25、hese are followed by the PUNCH LINE (an unexpected or surprise ending) which will make the joke funny if it contains some humor. 第12頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)44分，星期四It is reasonable to say that the truly humorous individual is not only well liked, but is often the focus of attention in any gathering. 倒譯

26、法譯文：一個(gè)真正有幽默感的人不僅受人喜愛(ài)，而且在任何聚會(huì)上也往往是人們注意的焦點(diǎn)，這么說(shuō)有一定的道理。First is the SETUP (or setting), next is the BODY (or story line), and these are followed by the PUNCH LINE (an unexpected or surprise ending) which will make the joke funny if it contains some humor. 綜合法譯文：第一部分是鋪墊（即背景），接下來(lái)是主干部分（即故事情節(jié)），隨后便是妙語(yǔ)（即一個(gè)出人意

27、料或令人驚訝地結(jié)尾）。如果這個(gè)妙語(yǔ)含有一定的幽默成分，這個(gè)笑話便會(huì)很有趣。第13頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)44分，星期四作業(yè)1 On the other hand, making telephone calls is much faster, so they are more appropriate when you need a quick reply.2 Some of the best letters are written in a burst of inspiration, so keep your writing stuff in one place where

28、you can sit down for a few minutes and write a quick note to a friend.3 Sometimes you cannot remember all the comments that are made because calls are transient, and cannot be kept for reading later like treasured letters.4 What would make so many adults hold on to pieces of paper they had received

29、years before as kids, some of them carrying those pages with them everywhere they went? The answer is appreciation.5 Give others recognition at every opportunity because it will build them up and motivate them. And it will make you a person of significant influence in their lives.第14頁(yè)，共16頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，11點(diǎn)44分，星期四On the other hand, making telephone calls is much faster, so they are more appropriate when you need a quick reply.譯文：另一方面，打電話更快捷，所以當(dāng)你需要很快得到一個(gè)答復(fù)時(shí)，電話更合適