柴油發(fā)電機(jī)機(jī)房設(shè)計(jì)

1、柴油發(fā)電機(jī)機(jī)房設(shè)計(jì)WWWM日RXDL-CO陋ID石I機(jī)計(jì)柴油發(fā)電機(jī)房的選址考慮到柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組的進(jìn)風(fēng)、排風(fēng)、排煙等情況，如果有條件時(shí)機(jī)房最好設(shè)在首層。但是，高層建筑造價(jià)昂貴，特別是首層通常用于對(duì)外營(yíng)業(yè)，屬黃金地帶，因此機(jī)房一般都設(shè)在地下室。由于地下室出入不宜、自然通風(fēng)條件不良，人機(jī)房設(shè)計(jì)帶來(lái)一系列不利因素，設(shè)計(jì)中要注意處理好。機(jī)房選址時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：不應(yīng)設(shè)在四周無(wú)外墻的房間，為熱風(fēng)管道和排煙管道導(dǎo)出室外創(chuàng)造條件；盡量避開建筑物的主入口、正立面等部位，以免排煙、排風(fēng)對(duì)其造成影響；注意噪音對(duì)環(huán)境的影響；宜靠近建筑物的變電所，這樣便于接線，減少電能損耗，也便于運(yùn)行管理。通風(fēng)柴油發(fā)電機(jī)房的通風(fēng)問題是機(jī)

2、房設(shè)計(jì)中要特別注意解決的問題，特別是機(jī)房位于地下室時(shí)更要處理好，否則會(huì)直接影響柴油機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組的運(yùn)行。機(jī)組的排風(fēng)一般應(yīng)設(shè)熱風(fēng)管道有組織地進(jìn)行，不宜讓柴油機(jī)散熱器把熱量散在機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)，再由排風(fēng)機(jī)抽出。機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)要有足夠的新風(fēng)補(bǔ)充。柴油機(jī)在運(yùn)行時(shí)，機(jī)房的換氣量應(yīng)等于或大于柴油機(jī)燃燒所需新風(fēng)量與維持機(jī)房室溫所需新風(fēng)量之和。維持室溫所需新風(fēng)量由下式計(jì)算：C=0.078PT式中：C需要的新風(fēng)量(m3/s)P柴油機(jī)額定功率(kW)T機(jī)房溫升(C)。維持柴油機(jī)燃燒所需新風(fēng)量可向機(jī)組廠家索取，若無(wú)資料時(shí)，可按每千瓦制動(dòng)功率需要O.lm3/min算(柴油機(jī)制動(dòng)功率按發(fā)電機(jī)主發(fā)電功率千瓦數(shù)的1.1倍配備)。柴油發(fā)電機(jī)房的通

3、風(fēng)一般采取排風(fēng)設(shè)置熱風(fēng)管道，進(jìn)風(fēng)為自然進(jìn)風(fēng)的方式。熱風(fēng)管道與柴油機(jī)散熱器連在一起，其連接處用軟接頭，熱風(fēng)管道應(yīng)平直，如果要轉(zhuǎn)彎，轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑盡量大而且內(nèi)部要平滑，出風(fēng)口盡量靠近且正對(duì)散熱器熱風(fēng)管理直接伸出管外有困難時(shí)可設(shè)管中導(dǎo)出。進(jìn)風(fēng)口與出風(fēng)口宜分別布置在機(jī)組的兩端，以免形成氣流短路，影響散熱效果。機(jī)房的出風(fēng)口、進(jìn)風(fēng)口的面積應(yīng)滿足下式要求：S1三1.5SS221.8S式中：S柴油機(jī)散熱面積；出風(fēng)口面積；進(jìn)風(fēng)口面積；在寒冷地區(qū)應(yīng)注意進(jìn)風(fēng)口、排風(fēng)口平時(shí)對(duì)機(jī)房溫度的影響，以免機(jī)房溫度過低影響機(jī)組的起動(dòng)。風(fēng)口與室外的連接處可設(shè)風(fēng)門，平時(shí)處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)，機(jī)組運(yùn)行時(shí)能自動(dòng)開啟。排煙排煙系統(tǒng)的作用是將氣缸里的廢氣

4、排放到室外。排煙系統(tǒng)應(yīng)盡量減少背壓，因?yàn)閺U氣阻力的增加將會(huì)導(dǎo)致柴油機(jī)出力的下降及溫升的增加。排煙管敷設(shè)方式常用的有二種：水平架空敷設(shè)，優(yōu)點(diǎn)是轉(zhuǎn)彎少、阻力小，缺點(diǎn)是增加室內(nèi)散熱量，使機(jī)房溫度升高；地溝內(nèi)敷設(shè)，優(yōu)點(diǎn)是室內(nèi)散熱量小，缺點(diǎn)是排煙管轉(zhuǎn)彎多，阻力相對(duì)較大。高層建筑中常用的是水平架空敷設(shè)。排煙管應(yīng)單獨(dú)引出，盡量減少?gòu)濐^。排煙溫度在3505500C，為防止?fàn)C傷和減少輻射熱，排煙管宜進(jìn)行保溫處理。排煙噪聲在機(jī)組總噪聲中屬最強(qiáng)烈的一種，應(yīng)設(shè)消音器以減少噪音?；A(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)主要用于支撐柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組及底座的全部重量，底座位于基礎(chǔ)上，機(jī)組安裝在底座上，底座上一般都采取減震措施。在高層建筑中一般采用高速柴油發(fā)電

5、機(jī)組，當(dāng)機(jī)組安裝在樓板上即不在最底層時(shí)，都注到達(dá)后在用電鉆打孔安裝。5.機(jī)房接地柴油發(fā)電機(jī)房一般應(yīng)用三種接地：工作接地：發(fā)電機(jī)中性點(diǎn)接地；保護(hù)接地:電氣設(shè)備正常不帶電的金屬外殼接地；防靜電接地：燃油系統(tǒng)的設(shè)備及管道接地。各種接地可與高層建筑的其它接地共用接地裝置，即采用聯(lián)合接地方式。6.燃油的存放機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)需設(shè)置38小時(shí)的日用油箱，其容積可按下式計(jì)算：V=GYAT式中：V日用油箱容積(m3)；G柴油機(jī)燃油消耗量(kg/h),由樣本查出；Y棗燃油重度(kg/m3),輕柴油為810860kg/m3；A油箱充滿系數(shù)，一般取0.90；T棗供油時(shí)間，一般取38小時(shí)。當(dāng)機(jī)房設(shè)在高層建筑內(nèi)時(shí)，日用油箱應(yīng)設(shè)專用房

6、間，用防火墻與柴油發(fā)電機(jī)隔開。根據(jù)高層民用建筑設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范(GB50045-95,2005年版),高層建筑自備柴油發(fā)電機(jī)房可布置在建筑物的地下一、二層,不應(yīng)布置在地下三層及以下。為了方便電纜管線的進(jìn)出、便于就近控制、減少值班人員,建議柴油發(fā)電機(jī)房宜盡量與變配電所貼鄰布置,同時(shí)應(yīng)有一側(cè)靠外墻布置。柴油發(fā)電機(jī)房應(yīng)預(yù)留排煙、通風(fēng)、冷卻通道,冷卻方式以風(fēng)冷最為簡(jiǎn)便。柴油發(fā)電機(jī)房應(yīng)設(shè)置不超過8小時(shí)用油量的柴油儲(chǔ)油間,若儲(chǔ)油量超過規(guī)范規(guī)定的儲(chǔ)油量時(shí),應(yīng)增設(shè)室外儲(chǔ)油罐。柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組通常需整體搬運(yùn),設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)預(yù)留足夠的搬運(yùn)通道。DieselgeneratorroomdesignRoomdesignTheloca

7、tionofadieselgeneratorroomTakingintoaccountthedieselgeneratorsetairintake,exhaust,smokeandother,iftheconditionswhenthebestroomonthefirstfloor.However,theexpensivehigh-risebuildings,especiallythefirstflooristypicallyusedforbusiness,isthegoldzone,sotheengineroomaregenerallylocatedinthebasement.Basemen

8、taccessshouldnotbethenaturalventilationispoorpeopleroomdesignaseriesofadversefactors,designedtohandle.Theengineroomlocationshouldnotethefollowing:(1)shouldnotbelocatedaroundtheexternalwallsoftheroom,createtheconditionsforexportoutdoorhotairpipesandexhaustpipes;thetrytoavoidthemainentranceofthebuildi

9、ngfacadeandotherpartstoavoidsmoke,exhaustitscause;(3)payattentiontothenoiseimpactontheenvironment;shouldbeclosetothebuildingofthesubstation,soeaseofwiring,reducingpowerconsumption,easyoperationandmanagement.2VentilationThedieselgeneratorroomventilationroomdesign,payingparticularattentiontosolveprobl

10、ems,especiallytheengineroominthebasementproperlyhandle,otherwiseitwilldirectlyaffecttheoperationofthedieselgeneratorset.Theexhaustoftheunitshouldnormallybesetuphotairpipetocarryoutorganized,notdieselradiatorheatscatteredintheengineroom,andthendrawnbytheexhaustfan.Haveenoughfreshairintheengineroomsup

11、plement.Dieselengineatruntime,theengineroomventilationshouldbeequaltoronsiurreaterhamtemPeratiI1土士右口曰小mItemperaturebythefollowingformula:C=0.078PTWhere:C-needfreshair(m3/s)eshairandtomaintaintheaintherequiredfresh#airatP-dieselengineratedpower(kW)T-theengineroomtemperaturerise(C).Maintainthedieselen

12、ginecombustionandfreshairtothemanufacturersoftheunitobtainedintheabsenceofinformation,perkilowattbrakepowerneeds0.1m3/minoperator(dieselenginebrakingpowerwithgeneratorpoweroutputkWnumberof1.1times).Thedieselgeneratorroomventilationisgenerallytakentoexhausttosettheairpipe,intothewindintothewindasanat

13、uralway.Airpipewiththedieselengineradiatortogether,anditsconnectionswithflexibleconnector,thehotairpipeshouldbestraight,ifyouwanttoturn,theturningradiusisaslargeaspossibleandinternaltobesmooth,theoutletascloseaspossibleandisdirectlystretchedoutontheradiatorhotairmanagementoutsidethetubecanbedifficul

14、ttosetpipetoexport.Airinletandoutletshouldbearrangedatbothendsoftheunit,soastopreventtheairshortcircuit,affectingthecoolingeffect.Outletoftheengineroom,theairinletareashouldmeettherequirementbelow:SIis1.5SS2,1.8SWhere:S-dieselenginecoolingarea;-outletarea;-airinletarea;Incoldareasshouldbenotedthatth

15、eairinletandexhaustportisusuallyroomtemperaturetoavoidthelowroomtemperatureaffecttheunitsstart.Outletandoutdoorconnectionscanbesetthrottle,usuallyturnedoffandautomaticallyturnonwhentheunitoperation.3.SmokeTheexhaustsystemofemissionsinthecylindertotheoutside.Exhaustsystemshouldminimizebackpressurewil

16、lresultindieselenginescontributetothedeclineandincreaseintemperaturerisebecausetheincreaseofexhaustresistance.Exhaustpipelayingmethodsusedtherearetwokinds:thelevelofoverheadinstallation,theadvantageislessturn,theresistanceissmall,thedrawbackistoincreasetheindoorheatdissipation,sothattheroomtemperatu

17、re;ThetrenchlayingtheadvantageoftheindoorheatasmallamountofdrawbackTheexhaustpipesturn,theresistanceisrelativelylarge.Commonlyusedinhigh-risebuildingisthelevelofoverheadinstallation.Theexhaustpipeshouldbeseparateleads,andtominimizetheelbow.Exhaustgastemperature3505500C,inordertopreventburnsandreduce

18、radiantheat,theexhaustpipeshouldbeinsulatedprocessing.ExhaustnoiseintheunittotalnoisebeThestrongestone,shouldbesettothemufflertoreducenoise.4basicBasedprimarilyusedtosupportthefullweightofthedieselgeneratorsetsandthebaseofthebaseislocatedonthebasisoftheunitinstalledinthebase,thebasegenerallytakedamp

19、ingmeasures.Commonlyusedinhigh-risebuildinghigh-speeddieselgeneratorsets,whentheunitisthestructureofprofessional.Whentheunitatthethebottomofthebuildingshallbetheunittosettheconcretefoundation.Bottomcornerscrewsembedded,canalsocrewarriveintheelectricdrilltoinstall.(5)GroundingGeneralapplicationofthed

20、ieselgeneratorroomthreeground:Theworkofground:thegeneratorneutralgrounding;protectiveearth:thegroundingofelectricalequipmentnormallyunchargedmetalshell;(3)anti-staticgrounding:thefuelsystemequipmentandpipingground.Avarietyofgroundwithhigh-risebuildinggroundsharedgroundingdevice,thejointground.6fuelo

21、ilstorageTheequipmentroomissetto8hoursofdailyfueltank,itsvolumecanbecalculatedasfollows:V=GyAtisWhere:V-dailyfueltankvolume(m3);G-dieselfuelconsumption(kg/h)bythesampletodetect;y-datefuelweight(kg/m3),lightdieseloilto810860kg/m3;A-tankfullofthecoefficient,0.90generaladmission;tdateinjectiontime,generallythreetoeighthours.Whentheroomislocatedwithinthehigh-risebuildings,thedailytankshouldbesetuprooms,separatedbyafirewallanddieselgenerators.TallBuildingsDesignCodeforFireProtection(GB50045-95,2005),high-risebuildingsowneddieselgenerato