高中英語(yǔ)之名詞性狀語(yǔ)從句課件人教選修6

1、2021/8/11 星期三1名詞性從句同位語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句made by:Wang Zhaoxia2021/8/11 星期三2Related Conception (相關(guān)概念)1.名詞:表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。2.名詞在句子當(dāng)中一般可以作什么成分?名詞在句中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。The boy is li Ming.主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)2021/8/11 星期三3在英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來(lái)該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng),這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性

2、從句。什么是名詞性從句?名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句 ( The Subject Clause)賓語(yǔ)從句 ( The Object Clause) 表語(yǔ)從句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位語(yǔ)從句 ( The Appositive Clause)同理:定語(yǔ)從句也可以叫做形容詞性從句,狀語(yǔ)從句也可以叫做副詞性從句.2021/8/11 星期三4引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞:連接詞:that(不做成分也無(wú)意義), if/ whether (不做成分但有意義“是否” )連接代詞 who(ever), (在從句中做主,賓,) whom(ever), (在從句中做賓,表)which(ever)/ who

3、se, (在從句中做主,賓,表,定) what(ever), (在從句中做主,賓,表, “的事物”,“所” ). 連接副詞： when(ever), where(ver), how, why. (在從句中分別做時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),方式,原因狀語(yǔ)) 另外:as if /as though也可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句2021/8/11 星期三5請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句1)What I want to do is taking a bath.2)The news that they won the game spread the whole school.3)I dont think he is an hone

4、st boy.4)The fact is that he stole the car.5)Do you know the fact that he stole the car?6)Do you know the man who is standing over there?7)It is said that they won the game.(主從)(同位語(yǔ)從句)(賓從)(表從)(同位語(yǔ)從句)(定從)(主從)_2021/8/11 星期三6試區(qū)分以下句子屬于哪種從句:1)Is this museum what you visited?2)Is this the museum that you

5、visited?3)Is this museum the one that you visited?注意：這種句子考試時(shí)一定要記住這句話：名詞前（尤其是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前）一定要有限定詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子是屬于哪種從句再完成。(表從)(定從)(定從)This museum is what you visited.This is the museum that you visited.This museum is the one that you visited._2021/8/11 星期三7主語(yǔ)從句(The Subject Clause)在復(fù)合句中起主語(yǔ)的作用。他星期三來(lái)這里是

6、肯定的。_ is certain.注意：從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上從屬連詞that(不做成分也無(wú)意義)他星期三是否來(lái)這里還不肯定的。_ is not certain.注意：主語(yǔ)從句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”(不做成分但有意義“是否” ) He will come here on WednesdayThathWhether he will come here on Wednesday2021/8/11 星期三8 主語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù).但what引導(dǎo)的從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).What he said_much for

7、 us to think about. A. leave B. leavesThat I shall work with you _ a great pleasure. A.are B.isWhat he left me _some old books. A.are B.is_2021/8/11 星期三9主語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)用“it”作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)放在后面，以避免頭重腳輕。It is known to us that he will come here.That he will come here is known to us.2021/8/11 星期三10It + be + 形容詞 tha

8、t從句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that . 重要的是It is obvious that 很明顯It + be + -ed分詞 that從句It is believed that 人們相信It is known to us/all that . 眾所周知It has been decided that 已經(jīng)決定用it做形式主語(yǔ)的that從句有以下四種不同的搭配：2021/8/11 星期三11It + be + 名詞 that從句It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)It is a surprise that . 令

9、人驚奇的是It is a fact that 事實(shí)是It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 that從句It appears/seems that 似乎It happens that . 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起2021/8/11 星期三12表語(yǔ)從句(The Predicative Clause)在復(fù)合句中起表語(yǔ)的作用。一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”?？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等.另外,常用的還有the reason why is that 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。1).我們的目的是他能認(rèn)識(shí)到錯(cuò)誤。Our purp

10、ose is_.注意：引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般不省略。2).問(wèn)題是它是否值得做。The question is _表語(yǔ)從句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”.he can realize his faults.thatwhether it is worth doing.2021/8/11 星期三13賓語(yǔ)從句(The Object Clause)you will come here.我不知道你會(huì)來(lái)這里。I dont know_ 注意：that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分也無(wú)意義，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常常被省去。但有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),引導(dǎo)第二和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可以省

11、略.（that）在復(fù)合句中起賓語(yǔ)的作用,用在及物動(dòng)詞/介詞之后.My uncle said (that) Peter would come and that he would also bring his son. 2021/8/11 星期三14注意：在賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.從句是否定句時(shí)一般用if。但下列情況只能用whether1.與or not連用;2.作介詞和disscuss的賓語(yǔ);3.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí);4.用if引導(dǎo)會(huì)引起歧義.Please tell me if you like it.1.請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡它.(賓語(yǔ)從句,用whether好).

12、2.如果你喜歡它就告訴我.(狀語(yǔ)從句).Can you tell me whether to go or to stay.2021/8/11 星期三15我不知道他來(lái)不來(lái)。我想知道他來(lái)還是不來(lái)。你們是在談?wù)撍欠褚獊?lái)嗎？他不在乎天氣是否好。I dont know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.2021/8/11 星期三16賓語(yǔ)從句中的否

13、定轉(zhuǎn)移我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)這里I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )注意：如果賓語(yǔ)從句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)候，要將從句中的否定形式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去。2021/8/11 星期三17賓語(yǔ)從句中用it作形式賓語(yǔ)We think it our duty that we should help others.注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用it來(lái)作形式賓語(yǔ)，把從句放在賓補(bǔ)后面。這種情況that不可以省略.1)We think that we

14、should help others our duty.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.2)I find that he should finish the work in two days impossible.2021/8/11 星期三18同位語(yǔ)從句(The Appositive Clause)在復(fù)合句中起同位語(yǔ)的作用。同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有豐富內(nèi)涵的詞語(yǔ)后面，用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面那個(gè)詞的具體內(nèi)容

15、。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，同位語(yǔ)從句都用that來(lái)作連接詞，而且不能省略。也可用how, when, where等。他給了她一個(gè)承諾，他會(huì)在兩個(gè)月后回來(lái)。He gave her a promise _.he would come back in two months.that2021/8/11 星期三19同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的相似之處:1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語(yǔ): The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。（同位語(yǔ)從句）（定語(yǔ)從句）The news that you told us is r

16、eally encouraging.你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。2021/8/11 星期三202、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo): The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西的建議值得考慮。（同位語(yǔ)從句）（定語(yǔ)從句）The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西。202

17、1/8/11 星期三21同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的不同之處:1.從句的作用不同：同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾、限定前面的名詞。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （從句說(shuō)明“消息”的內(nèi)容:我們隊(duì)取得了決賽勝利) The news that you told us is really encouraging.（從句對(duì)“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來(lái)自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）（同從）（定從）2021/8/11 星期三22Do you know the

18、fact that he stole the car?(不做任何成分且無(wú)意義,只起連接作用)Do you know the fact that they were talking about?(指代fact又充當(dāng)介詞about的賓語(yǔ))(同從)(定從)2、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分且無(wú)意義；而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。2021/8/11 星期三23 說(shuō)出下列從句屬于哪種從句：A: Appositive（同位語(yǔ)）; B: Attributive（定語(yǔ)）.His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent?5. Is this the company where your father works?6. This is the reaso