初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)歸納

1、中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 時(shí)態(tài)歸納 語(yǔ)法歸納：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示常常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；其動(dòng)詞形式是： 動(dòng)詞原形 只有第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)除外,要加 -s 其疑問(wèn)句和否定句需要用助動(dòng)詞do或 does ；1 確定句用實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的原形：They get up very early every morning. 2 否定句用 dont + 動(dòng)詞原形：他們每天早晨起來(lái)很早；We do not go shopping on Sundays. 我們周日不去購(gòu)物；3 一般疑問(wèn)句： Do they go to school at seven oclock. 他們七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)嗎. 通常, on Sundays每個(gè)星期天

2、,-Yes, they do./-No, they dont. 時(shí)間詞： often 常常, always 總是, sometimes 有時(shí), usually every day/ week/ morning每天 / 周/早上等；留意：句子中沒(méi)有表示時(shí)間的詞時(shí),我們就認(rèn)為這個(gè)句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；如： He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他騎車(chē)上學(xué)；I visit my grandparents every week. My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我每個(gè)星期都去看祖父母；我和父母有時(shí)出去吃飯；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三

3、人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),后要加-s 或-es ；如： He likes reading at night. 他喜愛(ài)夜里讀書(shū)；She usually goes to school by bike. 她平常騎車(chē)上學(xué)；The little cat drinks milk every day. 小貓每天都喝牛奶；1】轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句要加 doesnt,其后的動(dòng)詞用原形；Kelly doesnt get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 凱麗星期六星期天起床不早；2】轉(zhuǎn)換成一般疑問(wèn)句,句首用Does ,其后的動(dòng)詞用原形；Does he have

4、 lunch at school. 他在學(xué)校吃午飯嗎. 【1】規(guī)章動(dòng)詞變化表：原形動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾情形 現(xiàn)在時(shí)單三人稱(chēng) 現(xiàn) 在 分 詞 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞規(guī) 一般情形 +s +ing +ed s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾 +es +ing +ed 就 輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾 y i,+es +ing yi,+ed 變 重讀閉音節(jié)一元一輔 +s 雙寫(xiě)輔音字母 ,+ing 雙寫(xiě)輔音字母 ,+ed結(jié)尾化 不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾 +s 去掉 e,+ing +d ie 結(jié)尾 +s iey,+ing +d 不 規(guī) 就 變 化 havehas；beis 無(wú) 見(jiàn)下面的不規(guī)章動(dòng)詞變化表 留意：在加 ing 或 ed 時(shí)動(dòng)詞假如以

5、“r” 結(jié)尾 ,尾音節(jié)又重讀的動(dòng)詞 ,“r” 應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)； ed 的讀音規(guī)章：在清輔音后讀 t；在濁輔音后和元音后讀 d ；在 t、 d 后讀 id. 名師歸納總結(jié)大肚能容,容學(xué)習(xí)困難之事,學(xué)習(xí)有成第 1 頁(yè),共 9 頁(yè)s/es的讀音規(guī)章：在清輔音后讀 s；在濁輔音后和元音后讀 s 、 F、z、tF、dV后讀iz. 2不規(guī)章動(dòng)詞變化表： 原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞beam,is was been lose lost lost beare were been make made made beat beat beaten may might become became become mean meant m

6、eant begin began begun meet met met blow blew blown mistake mistook mistaken break broke broken must must bring brought brought pay paid paid build built built put put put buy bought bought read read Read can could ride rode ridden catch caught caught ring rang rung choose chose chosen rise rose ris

7、en come came come run ran run cost cost cost say said said cut cut cut see saw seen dig dug dug sell sold sold do did done send sent sent draw drew drawn set set set drink drank drunk shall should drive drove driven shine shone shone eat ate eaten show showed shown fall fell fallen shut shut shut fe

8、el felt felt sing sang sung find found found sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken fly flew flown sit set set forget forgot forgot/forgotten sleep slept slept freeze froze frozen smell smelt smelt get got got speak spoke spoken give gave given spend spent spent go went gone spill spilt spilt grow grew grown sp

9、oil spoilt spoilt hang hung/hanged hung/hanged stand stood stood havehas had had sweep swept swept hear heard heard swim swam swum hide hid hidden take took taken hit hit hit teach taught taught hold held held tell told told hurt hurt hurt think thought thought keep kept kept throw threw thrown know

10、 knew known understand understood understood 名師歸納總結(jié)大肚能容,容學(xué)習(xí)困難之事,學(xué)習(xí)有成第 2 頁(yè),共 9 頁(yè)lay laid laid wake woke/waked woken/waked learn learnt/learned learnt/learned wear wore worn leave left left will would won lend lent lent win won let let let write wrote witten lie lay lain 語(yǔ)法歸納：一般將來(lái)時(shí)【1】 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生

11、的動(dòng)作；【2】時(shí)間詞：1.表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow明天, next year明年, from now on從現(xiàn)在起, in a month一個(gè)月之后, in the future將來(lái),等；今日晚上, this week這個(gè)星期, this month這2.包含現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：today今日, this evening個(gè)月, this year今年,等；今晚七點(diǎn)你會(huì)在家嗎. 如：Will you be at home at seven this evening. 【3】其結(jié)構(gòu)：1Will /shall+ 動(dòng)詞原形；（ shall 用于第一人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句,其它人稱(chēng)都用 will ；）否定：

12、 will not=wont ；shall not=shant 例如： Will you be at home at seven this evening. 今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎 . 2 be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 ；（一般表示人的主觀(guān)想法將要去做某事）例如： What are you going to do tomorrow. 明天準(zhǔn)備作什么呢 . 3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)；以下動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)：go ,come , fly ,leave ,start ,begin ,finish ,arrive ,end 等如： she is leaving for Wuhan tomorro

13、w. 她明天要去武漢；語(yǔ)法歸納：一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生了的事情；一、時(shí)間詞：yesterday, this morning, just now 剛才 ,in 1970 , last night / year / week , a moment ago 剛才 , in May （五月已經(jīng)過(guò)去了）, once upon a time 從前 , the other day 那幾天 （那幾天已經(jīng)過(guò)去了）, before , when 當(dāng) 的時(shí)候 , in the past 在過(guò)去,等；如： What did you do yesterday. 昨天你干了什么 . I met Lin

14、Tao this morning. 今日上午我會(huì)到了林濤；I was there a moment ago. 剛才我在那兒三、如： We often played together when we were children. 我們小時(shí)候常在一起玩；一般過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞變化：動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化原就：名師歸納總結(jié)大肚能容,容學(xué)習(xí)困難之事,學(xué)習(xí)有成第 3 頁(yè),共 9 頁(yè)1 在以字母e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后,只加-d；如： like liked, provideprovided, hate hated, date dated ；2 在以 “ 輔音字母 +y” 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后,就改y 為 i,再加 ed ；如： su

15、pply supplied, flyflied, study studied. from 3 在以單短元音的重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞后,雙寫(xiě)最終一個(gè)輔音字母,再加 -ed ；如： plan planned, referreferred, regretregretted, banbanned. 4 一般在動(dòng)詞后加-ed ；如：play played, offeroffered, weighweighed, destroy destroyed, sign signed. 語(yǔ)法歸納：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；【1】其結(jié)構(gòu)：be am, is, are+V.ing

16、 beam, is, are +not+V.ing 【2】時(shí)間詞：now 現(xiàn)在,以 look, listen 開(kāi)頭的句子,或上下文提示；如： They are playing basketball now. 現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球；如： Listen.She is singing an English song.【3】動(dòng)詞 V+ing ：現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有聽(tīng),她正在唱英語(yǔ)歌；1、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞,它前面是單個(gè)元音字母時(shí)要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫(xiě),再加上-ing. swimming,cut cutting , put putting ,stop stopping ,forget

17、 forgetting, begin beginning , 仍有： run ,shop ,win,get, beg 懇求, prefer ,等；2、以 ie 結(jié)尾的詞,將 ie 變?yōu)?y 再加 ing ；lie 躺 lying ； die 死, tie 拴、系上,等；3、以不發(fā)音字母 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去 e,再加 -ing. take taking, leave leaving ,write writing, have having. 4、一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上-ing ；jump jumping ,go going, pushing pushing, play playing. 語(yǔ)法歸納：現(xiàn)

18、在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)的完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響；1、構(gòu)成：“ 助動(dòng)詞 have /has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 ” ；ve ；He has Hes ；It has It ；s助動(dòng)詞have/has可以與主語(yǔ)縮寫(xiě)；如： I have I ve ；We have We規(guī)章變化的過(guò)去分詞與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式一樣；不規(guī)章變化的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞見(jiàn)表；2、句型：名師歸納總結(jié)大肚能容,容學(xué)習(xí)困難之事,學(xué)習(xí)有成第 4 頁(yè),共 9 頁(yè)如： I have had lunch. 我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了；He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了；如： Has he gone to Beijing. 他去過(guò)北京了沒(méi)有 .

19、 Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. 否定回答仍可以用： No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once 等；3、三個(gè)懂得；【1】標(biāo)志詞：如：Have you had lunch. Yes, I have. Ive just had it. 你吃過(guò)午飯沒(méi) . 有,吃過(guò)了,我剛剛吃的； 影響及結(jié)果：我現(xiàn)在飽了,不需要了 如： He has already gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去北京了；影響及結(jié)果：他人現(xiàn)在不在這里了 留意：該用法常用 already 已經(jīng) , never 從不 , ever 曾經(jīng) , yet 仍舊

20、, just 剛剛 , before 以前 等副詞 作狀語(yǔ) 連用；警告：already, just多用于確定陳述句；already有時(shí)會(huì)顯現(xiàn)于句末,有時(shí)already可以用于疑問(wèn)句 如： She has already finished her work. 她早已干完了活；警告： yet 一般用于疑問(wèn)句 譯為：已經(jīng) 或否定句 譯為：仍 ,常放在句末；如： Have you got ready yet. 你已經(jīng)預(yù)備好了嗎 . He hasn t finished his homework yet. 他仍沒(méi)完成作業(yè)；警告：before 一般位于句末；如：I have never seen the

21、film before. 以前我從未看過(guò)那部電影；【2】 段時(shí)間詞：與 for + 一段時(shí)間連用,表示多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間；如：He has learned English for two years. 他已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)兩年英語(yǔ)了；I have been here for three days. 我在這里已經(jīng) 3 天了；與 since + 時(shí)間詞,表示自 以來(lái) ；Since1991 （自 1991 年以來(lái)） ；since half an hour ago（自半個(gè)小時(shí)前） ；since three weeks ago. （自三個(gè)星期以前）；since they came 過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) to China.（自從他們來(lái)到

22、中國(guó)后）；等；如： I ve had a cold since last Friday. 自上星期五起我就感冒了；如：I ve known her since I came to work here. 自從我來(lái)這里工作就熟悉他了； 過(guò)去多次動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在的積存；如： I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過(guò)北京兩次；We ve learnt five English songs this year. 今年我們學(xué)了五首英語(yǔ)歌曲；How many pages of the book have you read. 這本書(shū)你讀了多少頁(yè)了 . 【3】非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：1有一些動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)

23、動(dòng)詞,也叫非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞, 這些動(dòng)詞一發(fā)生就終止了,常見(jiàn)的有： come, go, arrive, reach, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, get up, become, open, stop 等；這些動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作不能連續(xù),因此不能跟表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；即 不能用【 2】中的段時(shí)間詞 ；如要解決這一問(wèn)題,就應(yīng)把它改為相應(yīng)的連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ),主要有以下幾種：非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 也叫終止性動(dòng)詞 ：名師歸納總結(jié)大肚能容,容學(xué)習(xí)困難之事,學(xué)習(xí)有成第 5 頁(yè),共 9 頁(yè)用相應(yīng)的連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：如：buy have ；borrow keep； come

24、/go/become be ；put on wear ；catch a cold have a cold ；beginhavehason；等；轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+ 名詞：如：join be a member of ；go to school be a student；等；轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+ 形容詞或副詞：如： .die havehasbeen dead ； die be dead ； leave be away ；begin be on ； finish be over ； stophavehasbeen over；fall asleep be asleep ；open be open ；get up

25、beup ； close closed ； 等；轉(zhuǎn)換成be+ 介詞短語(yǔ)： be in/at； join the army be in the army 軍come to/go to/arrive in at/get to/reach 隊(duì) 等；如： 1.】 他的狗死了 3 天了；His dog has been dead for three days. It is three days since his dog died. His dog died three days ago. 2.】 I have borrowed the book. 我已經(jīng)借了那本書(shū)；I have kept the bo

26、ok for two days. 我已經(jīng)借那本書(shū)兩天了；3.】Jim has joined the band. 吉姆已經(jīng)加入那樂(lè)隊(duì)了；Jim has been a member of the band for a month. 吉姆已經(jīng)加入那個(gè)樂(lè)隊(duì)一個(gè)月了；4.】His grandfather has died. 他祖父已經(jīng)死了；His grandfather has been dead for 2 years. 他祖父已經(jīng)死了兩年了；5.】My father has arrived in China. 我父親已經(jīng)到達(dá)中國(guó)了；My father has been in China for a

27、week. 我父親已經(jīng)在中國(guó)一個(gè)星期了；警告：留意：在否定句中,非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可以與段時(shí)間詞連用；如： Jim hasnt come back for a year. 吉姆已有一年沒(méi)回來(lái)了；自去年以來(lái)我就沒(méi)有在圖書(shū)如： I havent borrowed books from the library since last year. 館借過(guò)書(shū)；【4】句型轉(zhuǎn)換：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)化成一般過(guò)去時(shí),仍可以轉(zhuǎn)化成“ It is/has been + 時(shí)間段 +since從句 用一般過(guò)去時(shí) ” 等句型；如：Jim has been back for a month. 吉姆已經(jīng)回來(lái)一個(gè)月了；= Jim ca

28、me back a month ago. 吉姆一個(gè)月前就回來(lái)了；= It is （ /has been） a month since Jim came back. 自吉姆回來(lái)已經(jīng)有一個(gè)月了；如：I have kept the book for two days. = I borrowed the book two days ago. = It is （/ has been ） two days since I borrowed the book. 名師歸納總結(jié)大肚能容,容學(xué)習(xí)困難之事,學(xué)習(xí)有成第 6 頁(yè),共 9 頁(yè)【5】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)分：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；標(biāo)

29、志詞是： already, yet, just, ever, never, several times幾次 , before, so far迄今為止 , for + 時(shí)間段 , since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句,等；一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)生動(dòng)作已經(jīng)終止了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有影響；凡有過(guò)去的時(shí)間詞的句子,都必需用一般過(guò)去時(shí),不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；語(yǔ)法歸納：過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作,即“ 過(guò)去的過(guò)去 past-in-the-past ”；一、概念：過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)| | 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成：由 “ 助動(dòng)詞had + 過(guò)去分詞 ” 構(gòu)成, 其中had 通

30、用于各種人稱(chēng)；如： They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 如： She had finished writing the composition by 10 二、判定依據(jù)：【1】 時(shí)間詞：1. by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)；：00 this morning. 如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. 2. by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)；如： We had learned over two thousand En

31、glish words by the end of last term. 3. before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)；如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 【2】 由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去 ” 來(lái)判定；過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“ 過(guò)去的過(guò)去 ” ,是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí),在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；這種用法常顯現(xiàn)在： 1 賓語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí),且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí),從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等動(dòng)

32、詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句；如：She said that she had seen the film before. 2 狀語(yǔ)從句中,在時(shí)間、條件、緣由、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中,主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的,要用過(guò)去完成時(shí),動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如：When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 名師歸納總結(jié)大肚能容,容學(xué)習(xí)困難之事,學(xué)習(xí)有成第 7 頁(yè),共 9 頁(yè)留意： 如：When I woke up, it had stopp

33、ed raining. 我醒來(lái)時(shí), 雨已經(jīng)停了； 主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“ 過(guò)去的過(guò)去 ” 留意：如： He told me that he had written a new book. had written 發(fā)生在told 之前 語(yǔ)法歸納：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),是表示過(guò)去某個(gè)詳細(xì)時(shí)刻正在做的動(dòng)作；一結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were +V.ing 現(xiàn)在分詞 二用法：【1】常用的時(shí)間詞： this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 整個(gè),等；例如：1We wer

34、e watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨暎?What was he researching all day last Sunday. 上周日他一成天都在討論什么 . 3My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥騎自行車(chē)的時(shí)候從車(chē)上摔下來(lái),受傷了；4It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開(kāi)車(chē)站的時(shí)候天正在下雨；5When I got to the top of t

35、he mountain, the sun was shining. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r(shí)候,陽(yáng)光輝煌；【2】 . 時(shí)間點(diǎn)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情；時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或從句來(lái)表示；如： What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday.昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么. 介詞短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn) When I saw him he was decorating his room.當(dāng)我觀(guān)察他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間；when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn) 【3】. 由 while引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句中,主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；他邊等車(chē)邊看報(bào)；兩個(gè)例如： While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. 動(dòng)作都是連續(xù)的 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行 He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦車(chē)時(shí)我在做飯；【4】、通常不能用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have 擁有 , hear, know, lik