2019年12月四級(jí)真題第二套

1、2019年12月四級(jí)真題（第2套）Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a place to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 80 wordsPart II Section AListening Comprehension(25

2、minutes)Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) ,

3、B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centreQuestions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.I . A) The number of ma1e nurses has gone down.B) There 1s小scnmmat10n agamst male nursesC) There is a gro灼ng shortage of medical

4、 personnel.D) The number of nurses has dropped to a record lowA) Wo如ng conditions.B) Educational systemC) Inadequate pay.D) Cultural biasQuestions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.A) He fell out of a lifeboatC) He lost his way on a beachA) The lifeboats patrol the area round

5、the clockC) The emergency services are efficientB) He was almost drownedD) He enjoyed swimming in the seaB) The beach is a good place to watch the tideD) The beach is a popular tourist resortQuestions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.A) It climbed 25 storeys at one goC) It esc

6、aped from a local zooA) Release it into the wildC) Send it back to the zooA) A raccoon can perform acts no human canC) The raccoon did something no politician could Section BB) It broke into an office roomD) It became an online starB) Return it to its ownerD) Give it a physical checkupB) A raccoon c

7、an climb much higher than a catD) The raccoon became as famous as some politiciansDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a quest

8、ion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centreQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.- 1 -A) She received a bonus unexpectedlyC) She received her

9、 first monthly salaryA) Two decades agoC) Just last monthIO. A) He sent a small check to his parentsC) He took a few of his friends to a gym I 1. A) Join her colleagues for gym exerciseC) Buy some professional clothesB) She got a well-paying job in a bankD) She got a pay raise for her performanceB)

10、Several years ago D)Right after graduationB) He treated his parents to a nice mealD) He immediately deposited it in a bankB) Visit her fom記r university campusD) Budget her salary carefullyQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A) He has just too many伽ngs to attend toC)

11、He has a difficult decision to makeA) Turn to his girlfriend for assistanceC) Think twice before ma灼ng the dec1s10nA) His girlfriend does not support his dec1s10nC) He lacks the money for his doctoral programA) They need time to make preparationsC) They need to save enough money for it Section CB) H

12、e has been overworked recentlyD) He has just quarreled with his girlfriendB) Give priority to血ngs more urgentD) Seek advice from his family and advisorB) He is not particularly keen on the job offeredD) His parents and advisor have different op1monsB) They havent started their careers yetThey havent

13、 won their parents approvalDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marke

14、d A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centreQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) Expre函ng ideas and op血ons freelyEnriching social and血ellectual livesAcqui門ng面om畫on and professional knowledgeD)U勻ng面om畫on

15、to understand and solve problemsA) Traveling to different places in the worldC) Improving mind-reading strateg氐SA) Participate in debates or discuss10nsC) Discard personal biases and prejudicesB) Playing games that challenge ones mind D)Rea小ng classic scientific literatureB) Expose themselves to dif

16、ferent culturesD) Give others freedom to express themselvesQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) Why dogs can be faithful friends of humansC) The reason a great many people love dogsB) The nature of relationships between dogsD) How dogs feel about their bonds with humans

17、- 2 -A) They behave like other皿mals m many waysC) They can respond to humansquestionsA) They stay with one partner for lifeC) They experience true romantic loveB) They have an unusual sense of responsibilityD) They can fall in love just like humansB) They have their own joys and sorrowsD) They help

18、humans m vanous waysQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) A rare ammalA) Da血g itB) A historical sitePreserving itA cow boneMeas叩ng itA precious stoneD) Identi陌ng itA) The channel needs to血erview the boyC) The boys family had acted correctlyA) Conduct a more detailed sear

19、chC) Search for similar fossils elsewhereB) The boy should have called an expertD) The site should have been protectedB) Ask the university to reward JudeD) Seek additional funds for the searchPart IIIReading Comprehension(40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten

20、 blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answe

21、r Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.舊nally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick.That is the 26 of a new study that looked at how respiratory (呼吸道） viru

22、ses 27 on airplanes Researchers found that only people who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, for exampleor one row in front of or b啦nd that individual had a high risk of cat啦ng the illness. All other passengers had only a very 28 chance of ge山ng sick, acco咄ng to the fin小ngs. M

23、edia reports have not necessarily presented 29 infom畫on about the risk of ge山ng infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore, these new fin小ngs should help airplane passengers to feel less 30 to cat啦ng respiratory infections while traveling by airPrior to the new study, little was known about the

24、risks of ge山ng 31 infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to 32 the risks of infection, the study team flew on IO different 33 in the U.S. d血ng the flu season.The researchers found that passengers si山ng within two seats on 34

25、side of a person infected with the flu, as well as those si山ng one row in front of or behind this individual , had about an 80 percent chance of getting sick. But other passengers were35 safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the fluaccurateI) nearbyconclus10nJ) respo

26、nddirectlyK) slimeitherL) spreadevaluateM) summitexplorationsN) v1v1dlyflights0) vulnerablelargely- 3 -Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph

27、from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?Along with old classics like carrots give you nig

28、ht vision and Santa doesnt b門ng toys to 血sbehaving children, one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parents everywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Many of us grow up believing that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake, even if only two thirds of adults in the UK e

29、at breakfast regularly, acco咄ng to the British Dietetic Association, and around three-quarters of AmericansThe body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night, expl扣ns diet specialist Sarah Elder. Ea血g a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy, as well as make up for prote

30、in and calcium used throughout the night. But theres widespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in the 加rarchy( 等級(jí)） of meals. There have been concerns around the sugar content of cereal and the food industrys involvement in pro-breakfast researchand even one claim from a

31、n academic that breakfast is dangerousWhats the reality? Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marke血g tactic by cereal compa血s? The most researched aspect of breakfast (and breakfast-skipping) has been its links to obesity. Scientists have different theories as to why theres a relationship

32、 between the two. In one US study that analysed the health data of 50,000 people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largest meal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those who ate a large lunch or dinner. The researchers argued tha

33、t breakfast helps reduce daily calorie血ake and improve the quality of our diet勻nce breakfast foods are often higher in fibre and nutrientsBut as with any study of this 灼nd, it was unclear if that was the causeor if breakfast-skippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin with. To find out,

34、 researchers designed a study in which 52 obese women took part in a 12-weck weight loss programme. All had the same number of calories over the day, but half had breakfast, while the other half did not. What they found was that it wasnt breakfast itself that caused the participants to lose weight:

35、it was changing their normal rou 血 eIf breakfast alone isnt a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link between obesity and breakfast skipping? Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at the University of Aberdeen, argues that it may simply be because breakfast-skippers have been fou

36、nd to be less knowledgeable about nutrition and health. There are a lot of studies on the relationship between breakfast ea 血 g and possible health outcomes, but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually have health-e咄a的ng behaviours such as regular exercise and not smo灼ng , s

37、he saysFA 2016 review of IO studies loo 灼 ng 血 o the relationship between breakfast and weight management concluded there is limited evidence suppo巾ng or refuting (反駁） the argument that breakfast influences weight or food 血 ake, and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations can be u

38、sed to help prevent obesityGResearchers from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are halfway through researchloo灼ng血o the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influences body weight. Early fin小ngs suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to weight control. Breakfast has been fo

39、und to affect more than just weight. Skipping breakfast has been associated with a 27 囥 ncreased risk of heart disease, a 21% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in men, and a 20%higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women. One reason may be breakfasts nutritional value partly because cereal is fortified (增加

40、營養(yǎng)價(jià)值） with vita血ns. In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in the UK, researchers found that the fibre and micronutrient血ake was better in those who had breakfast regularly. There have been similar findings in Australia, Brazil, Canada and the USHBreakfast is also associated with

41、 improved brain function , inclu 小 ng concentration and language use. A review of 54 studies found that ea血g breakfast can improve memory , though the effects on other brain functions were inconclusive. However, one of the reviews researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there is reasonable evidence

42、breakfast does improve concentrationthere just needs to be more research. Looking at studies that- 4 -tested concentration the number. of studies sho灼ng a benefit was exactly the same as the number that found nobenefit, she says. And no stud1es found that eatmg breakfast was bad for concentrat10nWha

43、ts most important, some argue, is what we eat for breakfast. High-protein breakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing the Ion阻ng for food and consumption later in the day, according to research by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Org畫sation. While cere

44、al rem扣ns a 伍m favourite among breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation 血o the sugar content of adult breakfast cereals found that some cereals cont 扣 n more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, and sugar was the second or third high

45、est ingredient in cerealsBut some research suggests if were going to eat sugary foods, its best to do it early. One study recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where half added dessert to their breakfast, and half didnt Those who added dessert lost an average of 40 pounds m

46、orehowever, the study was unable to show the long term effects. A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type of breakfast is healthier, and conclude that the type of breakfast doesnt matter as much as simply ea血g some血ngWhile theres no conclusive evidence on exactly what

47、we should be ea血g and when, the consensus 1s that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when were hungry. Breakfast is most important for people whoare hungry when they wake upJohnstone says. Each body starts the day differently and those individualdifferences need to be researched more closely

48、, Spitznagel says. A balanced breakfast is really helpful, but get血g regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave blood sugar stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels, says Elder. Breakfast isnt the only meal we should be ge山ng rightAcco咄ng to one professor

49、, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutrition and healthSome scientists claim that people should consume the right灼nd of food at breakfastOp血ons differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the dayIt has been found that not ea血g breakfast is related to the incidence

50、of cert扣n diseases in some countriesResearchers found it was a change in ea血g habits rather than breakfast itself that induced weight lossTo keep oneself healthy, ea血g breakfast is more important than cho函ng what to eatIt is widely considered wrong not to eat breakfastMore research is needed to prov

51、e that breakfast is related to weight loss or food血akePeople who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher nutritional血akeMany studies reveal that ea 血 g breakfast helps people memorise and concentrate Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is follo

52、wed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centrePassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following pas

53、sage.Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in 2014. Textbook publisher Pearson 1s the largest publisherof any灼ndin the worldIt costs about $1 million to create a new textbook. A freshman textbook will have dozens of contributors, from subject-matter experts through gr

54、aphic and layout artists to expert reviewers and classroom testers. Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and open educational resources, simply do not. This connection happens not only by means of collaborative developme

55、nt , review and tes血g, but also at conferences where faculty regularly decide on their textbooks andcu訂icula for the co血ng year- 5 -It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to students ren 血 g or buying used p門nt textbooks. But this can be chalked up to the exce

56、ssively high cost oftheir bookswhich has increased over 1, 000 percent 勻nce 1977. A restruct叩ng ofthe textbook industry may well be in order. But this does not mean the end ofthe textbook itselfWhile they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or lifeless. For example, over the

57、centuries, they have simulated(杠莫才以） dialogues in a number ofways. From 1800 to the resent day, textbooks have done this by po勻ng questions for students to answer inductively (歸納性地） . That means students are asked to use their individual experience to come up with answers to general questions. Today

58、s psychology texts, for example, ask: How much of your personality do you think you inherited? while ones in physics say: How can you predict where the ball you tossed will land ? Experts observe that textbooks come in layers, something like an onion. For an active learner, engagmg with a textbook c

59、an be an 血eractive experience: Readers proceed at their own pace.They customize their books by engaging with different layers and linkages. Highligh血g , Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques allow for further customization that students value in pr 血 books over digital forms ofbooksWhat does

60、the passage say about open educational resources?They contribute to tea 啦 ng as much as to leammgThey dont profit as much as traditional textbooks doThey cant connect professors and students as textbooks doThey compete fiercely for customers with textbook producersWhat is the m扣n cause ofthe publish