模五第三單元導(dǎo)學(xué)案(教師用)

1、PAGE PAGE 33Unit3Science and nature（2012譯林版必修5 ）知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)1 1. On the other hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable human tissuessuch as bone or lung tissuethat could be used to save human lives. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disag

2、ree and are afraid that, if mankind toys with nature in this way, we may be on our way to producing a real-life Frankensteins monster.(1) on (the) one handon the other hand一方面另一方面On one hand, rapid development of the economy will improve the living conditions of people. On the other hand, it will sp

3、eed up environmental destruction.(短語) at hand 在手邊，在附近 by hand 用手；親手in hand 手頭現(xiàn)有的，正在進(jìn)行，在處理中 hand in 交上來hand out 分發(fā) hand over移交hand down 把傳下去 hand in hand手拉手 (2) point at，point to和point out的意思都與“指”有關(guān)，但還是有一定區(qū)別。point at習(xí)慣上表示指向離說話人較近的事物，意為“指著”，at是介詞，著重于指的對(duì)象。point to多用來表示指向離說話人較遠(yuǎn)的事物，意為“指向”，to也是介詞，著重于指的方向。

4、point at可分開使用，point后直接跟名詞或代詞作賓語，at表示方向，而point to卻沒有這種用法，但它還表示“顯示、說明”的意思。point out表示的是給某人指示方向，要點(diǎn)或錯(cuò)誤等，意為“指出”，out是副詞。根據(jù)句意，用point at，point to或point out的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.The teacher is pointing at/to the map on the wall.2. Both the hour hand and the minute hand point to twelve. It was noon.3.Can you point out th

5、e man you suspect?4. All the evidence points to his guilt.5. They pointed their guns at her head but she was not afraid.On the point of doing sth when正要做某事。突然 to the point擊中要害 a turning point 轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn) explain point by point逐點(diǎn)解釋(3) toy with玩弄；不認(rèn)真對(duì)待她指責(zé)那個(gè)年輕人玩弄她的感情。She accused the young man of toying with he

6、r feelings.那個(gè)小女孩只是把食物撥弄著玩兒，因?yàn)樗⒉火I。The little girl just toyed with her food , as she wasnt really angry.(4) on ones (the) way to doing sth. “正在做某事的過程中,即將成功,離不遠(yuǎn)了”. to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞短語.1.他即將成為一個(gè)導(dǎo)演。He is on his way to becoming a director. 2.期中考試就要臨近了，因此他學(xué)習(xí)更加刻苦了。The mid-examination is on its way, so he i

7、s working harder. 我正在去上學(xué)的路上，這時(shí)我偶然遇到了我的一位朋友On the/my way to school, when I came across a friend of mine. A. (練習(xí)) Ive just heard a warning _the radio that a storm may be _ its way.A. on, on B. over, in C. on, above D. from, on 復(fù)習(xí)下列短語：in the way防礙，擋道 by the way 順便問問，順便說說 in a way在某種意義上，在某種程度上 by way of

8、途經(jīng) in no way決不 all the way 一路上；至始至終make way for為.騰出地方；讓路 make ones way to(辛苦地) 前進(jìn) 2. Instead, he thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancer.concentrate /focus/ fix on/upon 集中注意力在上concentrate ones attention/energy/effort

9、s/oneself on/upon 把集中在上由于外面太吵， 我不能集中注意力在學(xué)習(xí)上。I couldnt concentrate on my study because of the loud noise outside.Efforts should be concentrated on how to produce more products to meet the needs of people.3. However, some people consider that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them

10、 shows no respect for human ention (n.) 目的，打算，意圖intend (v.) 意欲，打算 intended (adj.) 打算的，計(jì)劃的with the intention of 為了，以為目的或意圖 without intention 沒有目的的intend to do sth. 想要做某事 be intended to do sth.旨在做某事He went to Paris to learn French.He went to Paris with the intention of learning French.對(duì)不起，我不想傷

11、害你的感情，我只是想告訴你真相。Sorry , I didnt intend to hurt your feeling; I just wanted to tell you the truth.這項(xiàng)旨在保護(hù)環(huán)境活動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行中。The campaign intended to protect environment is under way.4. I dont want to adopt someone elses childif I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby right now.adopt “收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)” ；“采用”Many fami

12、lies have to adopt children because they cannot have a baby of their own.領(lǐng)養(yǎng)小孩They adopted different methods to try to solve the problems. 采用不同的方法If I had met (meet) him yesterday, I would have told(tell) him about it.Should it rain (rain) tomorrow, the crops would be saved.【語言點(diǎn)】 adopt (vt.) 收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)；采用

13、，采納（議案、意見等）After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion. (總經(jīng)理再三考慮之后,決定采納她的建議。)Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. (克恩先生將那孤兒收養(yǎng)為自己的兒子。) 【拓展提升】 adopt measures/ an idea 采取措施/ 采納意見 an adopted son 養(yǎng)子 If I had , I would have a cloned. 本句采用了虛擬語氣.If引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣句型總結(jié)如下：對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬：if從句謂

14、語動(dòng)詞使用過去式，主句謂語使用would/should/could + 原型對(duì)過去的虛擬：if從句謂語使用過去完成式，主句謂語使用would/should/could + 完成式對(duì)將來的虛擬：if從句謂語使用過去式/were to do/should+原型，主句謂語使用would/should/could + 原型例句：If I had enough money, I would buy a house with beautiful garden. If I had followed my teachers advice, I would have passed this exam. If I

15、 were to go to London, I could have a walk in the campus of Cambridge University.1.If my lawyer _ here last Sunday, he _ me from going.A. had been; would have prevented B. had been ; would preventC. were; prevent D. were; would have prevented2. .If it _ tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit t

16、o Yangpu Bridge.A. were raining B. should rain C. would rain D. will rain5. While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.(1) while : conj. 1) though盡管，雖然; 2) when/as的時(shí)候; 3)而 雖然我理解你所說的,但我不同意

17、你的觀點(diǎn).Though I understand what you said, I cant agree with you母親在做飯我在看電視.Mother was cooking while I was watching TV.B. I do every single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. A. since B. while C. when D. asA. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, _, in f

18、act, there were 40. A. while B. whether C. what D. whichD. _English can be difficult to learn, it is a very useful tool for communication.A. Because B. As C. Once D. While(2) push ahead with推進(jìn)，推行這樣不得人心的政策是很難推行下去的。It is hard to push ahead with such an unpopular policy.6. China has succeeded in produc

19、ing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.(1) succeed in doing sth 成功做某事He succeeded in turning to being a businessman.=He managed to turn to being a businessman.(2)benefit (n.) 利益，好處；(vt.)使受益 (詞組) be of benefit to =be beneficial to對(duì)有裨益 for the

20、 benefit of為了的利益benefit sb./sth. 有益于某人/某物 benefit from/by 從中獲益It is said Yoga is of great benefit to health.=It is said Yoga is very beneficial to health.這種愚蠢的行為對(duì)你沒有好處。（benefit sb）This foolish behaviour didnt benefit you.許多學(xué)生都得益于這本好字典。（benefit from/by）Many students have benefited from/by this good d

21、ictionary a lot.7. I would like to comment on your article The perfect copy. comment (n.& vi.) 評(píng)論，評(píng)注 make (a comment)comments on/upon sb./sth.= comment on/ upon sb./sth. 評(píng)論某人（某事） He made several comments on the book. We would like the audience to comment on our new play.8On a personal note, cloning

22、would totally transform my life.on a note “以語氣，以論調(diào)”He ended his speech to his employees on a humorous note.(用幽默的語氣)On a more serious note(以更加嚴(yán)肅的語氣), the manager mentioned the accident last month.9. 【原句回放】After all, scientists have been challenging moral ideas for centuries. Why should we stop them n

23、ow? 【語言點(diǎn)】why ( how / who / what )should sb./ sth. do 表拒絕惱怒或驚訝How should I know where youve put it? _Why should I help him? Hes so mean. _10. 【原句回放】Seven years ago, my 10-year-old daughter died of heart failure.【語言點(diǎn)】die不及物動(dòng)詞 死。 die of: 因而死(多內(nèi)因) die from 因而死（多外因） die down/away/out 逐漸消失 /（風(fēng)，聲音）逐漸減弱，消失

24、/ 熄滅，滅絕dead 形容詞 死亡的 death 名詞 死亡 deadly 形容詞致命的 副詞死一般地，非常11. 【原句回放】Scientists have announced that they have cloned the first human embryo. This has caused much debate around the world.【語言點(diǎn)】announce（vt.）宣告，通知，聲明 announcement (n.) 宣告，通知，聲明 announce 指對(duì)公眾或特定的一群關(guān)心的人進(jìn)行宣布；declare指官方的正式宣告Everyone was silent a

25、s he announced the winner of the competition.This powerful country declared_ war on that small country.鞏固練習(xí)一、根據(jù)句意及中文提示寫出所缺單詞的完全形式二、譯出下列短語1. on one hand, on the other hand _ _2. toy with _ _3. on ones way to doing _ _4. the first mammal to be cloned_ _5. be praised for _ _6. with the intention of _ _

26、7. show respect for_ _8. be anxious to do sth. _ _9. push ahead with _ _10. for sale _ _11. a crop to be harvested _ _12. comment on _ _13. in complete agreement with _ _14. on a personal note_ _15. die of heart failure _ _16. be burnt out_ _17. follow in ones footsteps _ _18. conduct a survey_ _19.

27、 the majority of people _ _20. in summary _ _21. take into consideration _ _22. in favor of _ _23. point of view of _ _24. meet ones needs _ _25. natural resources _ _26. at a fast pace _ _27. be opened up to _ _28. be limited to _ _29. as to _ _30. food chain _ _三完型填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，

28、選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。The woman was watching the incident. 11 the driver and the conductor raised their voices at the old man, she interfered(干預(yù)).“Stop 12 him! Cant you see hes only trying to get home?”“He doesnt have any money! ” the driver 13 .“Well, thats no 14 to throw him off the bus,” she insisted.Th

29、en she reached inside her blouse, took out her 15 money, and handed it to the conductor. “Heres his fare and mine. Just stop giving him a 16 time.”All heads turned to the woman. “Its only money,” she shrugged.She rode the rest of the way home 17 a happy smile, with the money shed lost earlier 18 .On

30、 the road of life, the help of strangers can 19 our loads and lift our spirits. How much sweeter the 20 will be when we make it a little smoother for others!9. A. begged B. scolded C. praised D. thanked 10. A. request B. action C. suggestion D. command 11. A. Unless B. Although C. Until D. When 12.

31、A. attacking B. bothering C. blaming D. wronging 13. A. warned B. whispered C. shouted D. repeated 14. A. problem B. need C. matter D. reason 四閱讀理解請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文, 從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AI arrived at my mothers home for our Monday family dinner. The smells of food flew over from the kitchen. Mothe

32、r was pulling out quilt(被子)after quilt from the boxes, proudly showing me their beauties. She was preparing for a quilt show at the Elmhurst Church. When we began to fold and put them back into the boxes, I noticed something at the bottom of one box. I pulled it out. “What is this?” I asked.“Oh?” Mo

33、m said, “Thats Mamas quilt.” I spread the quilt. It looked as if a group of school children had pieced it together; irregular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right.“Grandmother made this?” I said, surprised. My grandmother was a master at making quilts. This certainly didnt look li

34、ke any of the quilts she had made.“Yes, right before she died. I brought it home with me last year and made some changes,” she said. “Im still working on it. See, this is what Ive done so far.”I looked at it more closely. She had made straight a crooked line. At the center of the quilt, she had stit

35、ched(縫) a piece of cloth with these words: “My mother made many quilts. She didnt get all lines straight. But I think this is beautiful. I want to see it finished, her last quilt.” “Oh, this is so nice, Mom,” I said. It occurred to me that by completing my grandmothers quilt, my mother was honoring

36、her own mother. I realized, too, that I held in my hands a family treasure. It started with the loving hands of one woman, and continued with the loving hands of another.BWhile all my classmates seem to be crazy about a one-way ticket to Mars(火星), Id rather say Mars is totally unsuitable for human e

37、xistence. People wont have enough food supplies there, and the terrible environment would make it impossible for them to live a long life. Besides, the journey wont be safe. Can anybody explain to me just why people would go to Mars, never to return?Steve Minear, UKHere are the things you can think

38、of: the desire to explore a foreign and unique environment, the excitement of being the first humans to open up a new world, the expectation of fame and gloryFor scientists there is another reason. Their observations and research will probably lead to great scientific achievements.Paul Davies. USA5.

39、 The main purpose of Steve Minears writing is . A. to report his classmates discussion B. to invite an answer to his question C. to explain the natural state of Mars D. to show his agreement on going to Mars6. Which of the following best states Donal Trollops idea? A. There is a plan to send humans

40、to Mars. B. There are many reasons for going to Mars. C. Scientists become famous by doing research on Mars. D. It is possible to build an Earth-like environment on Mars.參考答案一、根據(jù)句意及中文提示寫出所缺單詞的完全形式1.intention 2. comment 3. anxiety 4. adopt 5. physician 6.agriculture 7. consideration 8. confirmed 9. p

41、rofits 10. permission二、譯出下列短語（一）完型填空6.C從該句“she stopped crying, but still looked ”可以得出答案。7.A從“When she came to an old man in worn-out clothes, he that he had spent all his money when he had accidentally got on a wrong bus and now he was trying to go home.”中可以看出，“老人在向售票員解釋他為什么沒有錢買票?！?.A 售票員一聽，就要求老人下車。

42、order the old man to get off the bus” 命令老人下車。9.A從上下文“老人沒錢想坐車回家而售票員卻要求他下車”, 于是老人beg sb to do sth” 懇求干（二）閱讀理解ACACDBBBAC5.B此題為寫作目的的歸納。從Can anybody explain to me just why people would go to Mars, never to return?不難得出答案B.6.B此題為歸納大意試題。從Here are the things the desire to explore,the excitement, the expectat

43、ion For scientists there is another reason. 可以得出答案為B.7.A此題為細(xì)節(jié)判斷。從Paul Davies 所說的第一段中It will happen when people finally realize that two-way trips to the red planet Mars are unnecessary.可以判斷出答案為A.不少同學(xué)誤選C，文中相關(guān)內(nèi)容cutting the trip home would therefore reduce the danger of accidents, save a lot of money說的

44、是減去回程的旅程會(huì)減少危險(xiǎn)節(jié)省錢，此句是作為一個(gè)論據(jù)來為A所說的那個(gè)論點(diǎn)服務(wù)的。8.C此題為細(xì)節(jié)判斷。從Paul Davies 所說的第二段中Mars has all the materials for a colony to produce or make everything it needs可以判斷出答案為C。Unit3Scienceand nature（2012新譯林版必修5）一知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)2 Verb-ed form一、V-ed分詞具有形容詞和副詞性質(zhì)，在句中可充當(dāng)定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)語、狀語。1作定語過去分詞作定語，表示已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的過去分詞只表示完成，而

45、不表示被動(dòng)意義。例如： 完成+被動(dòng)： a polluted river a locked room a well-educated man 只有完成： a retired worker a fallen leaf boiled water作定語的V-ed分詞也有前置和后置兩種情況。單個(gè)過去分詞作定語，常常位于被修飾的名詞前；而過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，常常位于被修飾的名詞后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。Eg. 1).You should improve your spoken(speak) English. 2).Whats the language spoken (speak) in that are

46、a?=.Whats the language which/that is spoken (speak) in that area?3).The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.=The firemen were trying to rescue the people who was trapped in the fire.4).The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. = The meeting, which was at

47、tended by one thousand students, was a success.2作表語作表語的V-ed分詞大多轉(zhuǎn)化成為形容詞，通常用于聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞之后（例如be, seem, appear, look, sound ,feel, remain, stay, become, get等），表示主語所處的狀態(tài) 1).Edison became interested (interest) in science when he was very young.2).She looks very excited(excite) at the news. 3). When I was cleani

48、ng the window, my finger got cut(cut) unexpectedly.3作賓語補(bǔ)足語如果賓語與后面作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則使用V-ed分詞作賓補(bǔ)?？梢詭-ed分詞作賓補(bǔ)的詞有：with, see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel, sense, find, leave, keep, get, have, make.1).I had my money stolen(steal) on the bus. 2).As he knows little English, he finds

49、it difficult to make himself understood (understand).3).In the morning, people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed(change).4作狀語作狀語的V-ed分詞與主句之間常有逗號(hào)隔開,在句中可表示時(shí)間,原因,條件,讓步,伴隨等情況,并可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀語從句。作狀語的V-ed和主句的主語常有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。時(shí)間狀語Seen from space, the earth looks blue.= When the earth is

50、 seen from space, it looks blue.Asked what had happened, he lowered his head.= When he was asked what had happened, he lowered his head.2) 原因狀語Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.=As he was born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.Because they were moved by

51、 the story, they decided to help her. =Moved by the story, they decided to help her. 3)條件狀語Given more time, we are sure to finish it.=If we are given more time, we are sure to finish it.Compared with other professors, she is an excellent speaker.=.4)讓步狀語Laughed at by everybody, he had my sympathy. =

52、Though he was laughed at by everybody, he had my sympathy. Even though he was defeated by his opponent, he still is a hero in my heart.=Defeated by his opponent, he still is a hero in my heart.5)伴隨狀語The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.= The boy sat at the table and he was buried in his h

53、omework.The girl lay in bed lost in thought.= The girl lay in bed and she was lost in thought.I will spend the night locked(lock) in your room.She left the restaurant, disappointed (disappoint) with the bad service.二、轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的V-ed有一些過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,失去被動(dòng)意義,僅表狀態(tài)。如:hidden, dressed, lost, seated, determined,

54、absorbed, injured, based, surprised, satisfied, bored, tirede.g What made you so frightened?The dog, bored with the game, will not play any more.= The dog, which is bored with the game, will not play any more.Much interested, he agreed to give it a try.=As he was much interested, he agreed to give i

55、t a try.Seated in the car, the President waved to the crowd.= While he was seated in the car, the President waved to the crowd.三、連詞+V-ed過去分詞有時(shí)和連詞(when, while, whenever, until, if, unless, once, though,although，even though/if)一起用，相當(dāng)于狀語從句的緊縮式。（注意：before/after后不直接跟V-ed分詞，而用before/afterbeing done,因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)分詞

56、前的before/ after是介詞。）If accepted(accept) for this post, you will be informed by May 1st.Unless changed (change), this law will make life difficult for farmers.I will not give up my plan even if told(tell) to.These machines must be checked before being used(use).四、to be done, being done, done, having

57、been done 作定語的區(qū)別：以上四種形式都表示被動(dòng)，都可作定語。to be done 表示即將被;being done表示正在被;done表示被做過了;having been done作非限制性定語，和被修飾詞用逗號(hào)隔開,強(qiáng)調(diào)在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前完成。The question to be discussed(discuss) tomorrow involves pollution.The question discussed (discuss) yesterday involves pollution.The question being discussed (discuss) now

58、involves pollution.The question, having been discussed (discuss) for years, involves pollution.五、done, having been done 作狀語的區(qū)別：being done一般在句中不作狀語,而用done代替之。having been done強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前完成,或已經(jīng)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,常用作時(shí)間和原因狀語,done則不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后和持續(xù)一段時(shí)間。Led (lead) by the local guide, we went further into the forest.Having

59、 been taken(take) good care of for half a year, the patient became far better.Having been translated (translate) into many languages, the novel is well-known throughout the world.二重點(diǎn)歸納Not everything that is best for nature is good for people.句中that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾everything。否定詞not 出現(xiàn)在含有all, both, everythin

60、g, everyone以及every+名詞的句中表示部分否定，not可位于這些詞的前面，也可以位于他們后面。e.g. Not both of them have read this book.=Both of them havent read this book.All bamboo doesnt grow well. =Not all bamboo grows well.Not everything that is best for nature is good for people.= Everything that is best for nature is not good for p