初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全

1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全一.thanks for和thanks to: Thanks for your helping me with the work.(表達(dá)對(duì)對(duì)方為自己做了某事的感謝，后無(wú)補(bǔ)充的結(jié)果。)Thanks to your suggestion, I didnt make such mistakes.(表達(dá)感謝由于某方所做的有利的事，出現(xiàn)了后面的結(jié)果。)二.find和think部分用法: + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(代替賓從)賓補(bǔ)有以下情況：1.名詞短語(yǔ)，John found his son a clever boy.2.形容詞短語(yǔ)，Mrs. Smith thinks her husban

2、d kind of lazy.3.有時(shí)賓補(bǔ)后可接帶to不定式，I found it hard to fool the girl.三.would like/want/feel like: 1 would like，和want類似：都可接名詞短語(yǔ)：I would like/ want another three desks. 都可接帶to 不定式：I would like/ want to go out for a walk. 都可接sb,然后再跟帶to 不定式: I would like you to give me a hand.2 feel like: 后也可接名詞短語(yǔ)：Do you fee

3、l like some tea?后若接動(dòng)詞，須用動(dòng)詞ing形式：Do you feel like having a walk? I dont feel like drinking tea.【feel like常用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中?！克?詞序易錯(cuò)的短語(yǔ)：1 形容詞修飾不定代詞或不定副詞，形容詞在后面。Is there anything delicious in the fridge?Nothing serious. There is something wrong with the computer.I want to go somewhere warm.2 else修飾疑問(wèn)詞和不定代詞、不定

4、副詞，也放在后面。What else can you see in the picture? Who else is in the room?Do you have anything else to say? Where else can you see it?3 enough修飾形容詞和副詞，enough 放在后面。This sweater is cheap enough. Nemo is old enough to work.He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog.五.對(duì)“評(píng)價(jià)”、“天氣”的提問(wèn)之區(qū)別：1What do you think o

5、f ?=How do you like ? “你對(duì)怎么看？”(How?句中有l(wèi)ike，是動(dòng)詞。) 2Whats the weather like in? = How is the weather in?“的天氣什么樣?”(What?句中有l(wèi)ike，是介詞“像”。)六.雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)：pass/ give/ teach/ offer/ lend/ send/ sell/ call/ show/buy/ask/ tell/ build等可加雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)。即后接sb + sth.其中pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show等可接sth + to sb.buy, bui

6、ld等可接sth + for sb.另外，若sth是代詞時(shí)，不用雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)。Please pass it to me.七.部分詞作連詞與介詞：（連詞接句子，介詞接名詞或代詞）Keep care l when you are listening to the teacher. （連詞）Keep care l when listening to the teacher. （介詞）類似的，while, than, before, after, as, since, until等。如：Ill wait until I hear from her. （連詞）Ill wait until next Frid

7、ay. （介詞）八.動(dòng)詞ed與動(dòng)詞ing作形容詞用法之一: 1. 動(dòng)詞ed作形容詞：表示被動(dòng)或已發(fā)生,常作定語(yǔ)。The boy named Peter is my friend.那個(gè)叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。劃線部分起修飾作用，下同。Hes eating fried chicken. 他在吃炸雞。There is no time left.I have read a novel writtenby Lu Xun.我讀了一部魯迅寫的小說(shuō)。He lives in a house builttwenty years ago.2. 動(dòng)詞ing作形容詞：表示正進(jìn)行或功能，常作定語(yǔ)。the ing boy

8、, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road, the boy ing in the corner (正進(jìn)行)a sitting room, the sleeping car, the bathing suit (功能)九.動(dòng)詞ed與動(dòng)詞ing作形容詞用法之二：和心理感受有關(guān)，但ed修飾人，ing常修飾物。I felt surprised at his words.How exciting the film is! / I want to go to a place which is relaxing.一.動(dòng)詞ing和帶t

9、o不定式作主語(yǔ)：To be a teacher is my dream. Working hard brings you success.Taking care of our environment is very important.To plant trees makes me happy. （謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)）Reading books gives you knowledge. (謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù))Listening and writing are both difficult. (謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù))一一.“也”：either, 用于否定句的末尾。also, 通常挨著動(dòng)詞，少用于句尾。too, 通常在句尾

10、，前常有逗號(hào)。as well, 只用于句尾。注意：后三個(gè)詞都不用于否定句。一二.帶to不定式用法之一：帶to不定式有邏輯賓語(yǔ)在前時(shí)，to后動(dòng)詞用及物動(dòng)詞，不及物時(shí)需加介詞。The apples are too tall for the boy to reach. /The zoo is not a good place for animals to live in.一三.及物動(dòng)詞+副詞：put on/off/away/up/down/out; break off/down;turn on/off/up/down; get back; use up; give away/out/up/back;

11、 try out/on; ring/call up; let down; clean up/out; set up; think up; hand in/out; fix up; work out; ;dress up;pick up; help out;keep off/out/down cut down; write down; wake up(叫醒);take off/away; sell out; look up/over; eat up; throw away/off賓語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，可放在中間或后邊，是代詞時(shí)只放在中間。一四.prefer用法：prefer sth/doing sth

12、to sth/doing sth比起更喜歡prefer to do sth rather than do sth寧愿也不愿prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth 更喜歡做某事一五. some-, any-, every-用法：1some-“某，一些”，用于肯定的陳述句中。I have something to tell you. Maybe somebody has taken it. 若用于疑問(wèn)句中表示期待對(duì)方肯定的回答或表示請(qǐng)求或建議. Why not ask somebody to help you? Shall we give him something

13、 to eat? What about some milk? Could you please lend me some chairs? 2any-, 在疑問(wèn)句中仍譯為“某，一些”Do you have anything to say？Is anybody in the house？在肯定句和否定句中譯為“任何”You may put the box anywhere in the room. He is taller than any other student in the class. We dont have anything to eat this morning. 3every-“

14、每”，強(qiáng)調(diào)所有，既包括此也包括彼。Is everybody here？-No，Tom and Lucy have asked for leave. The glass was broken, and the water went everywhere.一六.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和形式：八個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/are + v.ing)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)(will/shall/be going to+動(dòng)詞原形)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/were +v.ing)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has + v. 過(guò)去分詞)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had + v. 過(guò)去分詞)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(would + v.

15、 原形) 六個(gè)形式：原形；過(guò)去式；過(guò)去分詞；第三人稱單數(shù)(加s/es)；現(xiàn)在分詞(v.ing)；帶to不定式。一七.因?yàn)椋篵ecause, 常是對(duì)why的回答，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。since, 位置：Since，. Since its already late, I must go now.for, 位置：，for.語(yǔ)氣最弱。I drove carefully, for its snowing.as有時(shí)也指“因?yàn)椤保梅ɑ緹o(wú)限制。一八.表推測(cè)：must, may, might, can, could, cantmust“一定”，可能性最大，常用于肯定句。There is the door bell,

16、it must be Tom.may / might“也許”一般用于肯定句， may比might可能性大。She is coming to us. She might be our new teacher.can / could“可能”could比can語(yǔ)氣更委婉。但can多用于否定。You could be right, but I dont think you are.The light in the office is off. The teacher cant be there now.一九.so與such區(qū)別：so是副詞，后跟形容詞/副詞，so tall/slowlysuch是形容詞

17、，后跟名詞短語(yǔ)。such bad weather / good news;such a beautiful girl / an important lesson / a heavy stone;such kind boys / new desks / friendly people / amazing movies;若名詞前形容詞是many, much, few, little時(shí)，不用such, 而用so.so many flowers / much rain / few friends / little water也常有“so / such that”句型，譯為“如此以致于”。二.so的另兩

18、個(gè)用法：1so + be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)，“也”上下文所指不是同一個(gè)人或物。The twins are working, so am I.I will stay up tonight, and so will Peter.以及對(duì)話形式：A: I woke up late this morning. B: So did I.2so + 主語(yǔ) + be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞，“的確是”上下文所指是同一個(gè)人或物。A: We have lunch at school. B:二一.the number of / a number of: 前者“的數(shù)量”；后者“許多的”都跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。前者作主語(yǔ)，謂

19、語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；后者作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。The number of the trees is two thousand. 用單數(shù)is.A number of trees have been cut down.用復(fù)數(shù)have.40.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：How long，since，for，(以上見84）until/till等所在肯定句中的主句謂語(yǔ)要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。How long may I keep this novel? Ive lived here since 2002.Lets wait until he comes back. 但否定句中可用短暫性動(dòng)詞：I havent seen you fora l

20、ong time.二二.all/each/both/none/either/neither:1All boys/All of the boys are from China. all 接可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)。All of the water is polluted. 若接不可數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。2Each boy/Each of the boys has a different bag. each接名詞單數(shù)或接of + 限定詞+復(fù)數(shù)，后謂語(yǔ)都用單數(shù)。3Both of the twins are clever. 后面謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。4None of the students has/have been

21、 there before.none +of +限定詞+復(fù)數(shù), 謂語(yǔ)用單、復(fù)數(shù)都可。另見885-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?-Either day is OK. / Either of the days is OK. 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。6-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?-Sorry, I have to look after my mother these two days. That is, neither time is OK. / neither of the days is OK. 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

22、all/each/none分別指三者或更多中的“都”/ “每一個(gè)”/“沒(méi)有一個(gè)”。both/either/neither兩者中“都”/“任何一個(gè)”/“沒(méi)有一個(gè)”二三. Must I / May I / Need I ? 用法：1Must I ?我必須嗎？A: Must I finish the work? B: Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.2May I ?我可以嗎？A: May I go out for a walk now?B: Yes, you can. / No, you mustnt/cant.3Need I?我有必要嗎？A: Need I clea

23、n the house? B: Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.二四.hundred/thousand/million/billion: 前有具體數(shù)字，不加s及of. 否則加s, 加of. 如：thousands of trees; many millions of people.nine hundred people, ten thousand students等。但前若有several,后常不加s和of：several million pounds二五.反意疑問(wèn)句(QT)部分用法:1something, nothing, anything, everythi

24、ng作主語(yǔ)，QT主語(yǔ)用it.Something is wrong, isnt it? / Nothing is difficult, is it?2I think Lucy can do well in the exam, cant she?I dont think he will come here on time, will he?QT要結(jié)合think后的從句而定。3祈使句的QT一般用will you? 而Lets 用shall we?Get up now, will you? Dont be noisy, will you?Be quiet, will you? Please dont

25、talk, will you?Let us do it now, will you? Lets do it now, shall we?4There be句型，QT主語(yǔ)用there.There is a man working in the field, isntthere?There used to be a meeting on Friday, didntthere?There wont be a movie in the theatre, willthere?二六.虛擬語(yǔ)氣部分用法：在非真實(shí)條件句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即if 從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而主句動(dòng)詞用would/should+動(dòng)詞原形，

26、表示與現(xiàn)在相反的主觀設(shè)想，也可以表示在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小的情況。（注意：虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的be動(dòng)詞都要用were.）If there were no air, people would die. (與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)If I got rich, I would travel around the world. (可能性很小)二七.other/others/the other/the others/another:1如果不特定指出哪一個(gè)，是泛指，“另一個(gè)”要用another, 后加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。If you are still thirsty, you may have another cup

27、of tea. （沒(méi)特定指出哪一杯茶，是泛指。cup是單數(shù)。）another也可+數(shù)字+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)：The meeting will last another two hours. / We need another six desks.2如果只有兩個(gè)或只有兩部分，就給出了范圍，其中另一個(gè)或另一部分是特指 (other前有the.)，有如下用法：第一種，所說(shuō)內(nèi)容只有兩個(gè)：Mrs. Green has two sons, one is interested in math, the other (one / son) is good at science. 【只有兩個(gè)，用the other, 不加

28、s, 后面名詞可省略?！坑秩纾篢his pair of shoes is strange. One is blue, yet the other is green. 這雙鞋子很怪，一只藍(lán)色，而另一只綠色。第二種，只有兩部分：此種 情況下the other后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，或不接名詞而只在the other后加s. Two fifths of the students in our class are boys, the other students are girls / the others are girls. Two children went, but the others staye

29、d. （其他孩子都留下了。）3如果沒(méi)有顯示出只有兩部分，未給出范圍，則是泛指，不加the.Lei Feng liked helping other people / others.Have you any other questions?Alice didnt like that dress, so she asked to see some others.4other的另一用法：用比較級(jí)的形式，體現(xiàn)最高級(jí)的含義。He is taller than any other boy in his class. (劃線中boy用單數(shù)) =He is taller than all the other

30、boys in his class. (劃線中boy用復(fù)數(shù))他比班里任何男孩都高（他是班里男孩中最高的）。二八.how long/how often/how soon/how far: 1how long 是對(duì)長(zhǎng)度或時(shí)間段提問(wèn)。How long is the river? -Its 5,000 kilometers long.How long have you lived there? -For five months. / Since 2002.2how often是對(duì)頻率提問(wèn)，如：never, sometimes, often, usually, always, once a week,

31、twice a day, three times a year, every day等。How often do you watch TV? -Every two days. / Twice a week.【若只有次數(shù)，則用how many times 提問(wèn)：How many times do you watch TV a week? -Twice. / only once.】3how soon 是對(duì)“in + 時(shí)間段”提問(wèn)：How soon will you return to Beijing? -In a week./ In two days.4how far是對(duì)時(shí)間段s + walk/r

32、ide/drive或計(jì)量表達(dá)提問(wèn)。-How far is it from your home to the school?-Five minutes walk. /An hours ride. /Thirteen minutes drive.或者說(shuō)：Its about 20 kilometers (far) away. （問(wèn)和回答不同。）二九.分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)：二分之一: half a/an 或a half. 如：half an hour= a half hour半小時(shí) Its half past seven.(省略冠詞)以下情況中，分子(基數(shù)詞)若超過(guò)一，分母(序數(shù)詞)需加s：三分之一: a /on

33、e third 三分之二: two thirds四分之一: a/one fourth 或a/one quarter四分之三: three fourths或three quarters.五分之一: a/one fifth 五分之二: two fifths 其它類推。若分?jǐn)?shù)所在of短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)依of后的名詞而定：Two fifths of the students are on time. (指名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂用復(fù)) Two fifths of the land is polluted. （指不可數(shù)時(shí)，謂用單）三.到達(dá)：1get to + 地點(diǎn) get to Shanghai/London/Ch

34、ina接地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)，不帶to. get there/home/here.2arrive in+大地點(diǎn)(Beijing/Zhengzhou)，arrive at+小地點(diǎn)(school/hospital)， arrive只作不及物動(dòng)詞。所以也可單獨(dú)用：Please ring me up when you arrive.reach只作及物動(dòng)詞，后直接加地點(diǎn)：reach Beijing/England但常不說(shuō)reach home/there/here.三一.感嘆句：What + 名詞短語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！What lazy boys (they are)! What hard work! What goo

35、d news!What a good idea! What bad weather (it is)! What a pity!How +形容詞 / 副詞+ 主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)！How hard the work is! How fast he runs! How rude you are!How carefully they are listening! How bad the weather is!三二.because/ instead / out等與加of的區(qū)別：1because 后接句子，because of 接名詞或代詞。He didnt come because he was ill. / because of his illness.2instead是副詞，單獨(dú)在句尾。instead of 還要接名詞或代詞。We didnt have rice, we had noodles instead. / instead of it.3out 副詞，可單獨(dú)用，但若接地點(diǎn)，先加of.（也可作介詞，“向外”，可不加of. 一般