研究方法與學(xué)術(shù)寫作智慧樹知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年溫州大學(xué)

研究方法與學(xué)術(shù)寫作智慧樹知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年溫州大學(xué)Inpaperwriting,whatisprimaryislogicalandconvincing,butrhetoricissecondary.（）

答案:對Themorespecificyourclaim,themoreithelpsyouplanyourargumentandkeepyourreadersontrackastheyreadit.（）。

答案:對Whenyouacknowledgetheviewsofothers,youshowthatyounotonlyknowthoseviews,buthavecarefullyconsideredandcanconfidentlyrespondtothem.（）。

答案:對Youmustbuildyourpaperoutofyourownwordsthatreflectyourownthinking.Butyou’llsupportmuchofthatthinkingwithquotations,paraphrases,andsummaries.（）。

答案:對Researchargumentsareoriginalnotonlyintheirideas,butalsotheirmethodsandwaysofreasoning.（）。

答案:錯Researchisanactivityofscholarsonly,anditisalmostseldomdonebyotherpeople.（）

答案:錯Whenyoureadsources,lookforclaimsthatseempuzzling,inaccurate,orsimplistic—anythingyoucandisagreewith.（）。

答案:對Author-titleiscommoninthehumanitieswhileauthor-dateisusedinthenaturalsciencesandmostofthesocialsciences,becauseinthoserapidlychangingfields,readerswanttoknowquicklyhowoldasourceis.（）

答案:對Ifaparaphraseorsummaryextendsoverseveralparagraphs,citeitonlyonceattheend.（）。

答案:對Whenweestablishacontext,weshouldlisteverysourcewereadthattouchesourtopic.（）。

答案:錯Whichofthefollowingmethodscanhelpyoufindatopic?（）。

答案:Skimthelatestissuesofjournalsinyourfield.###Skimheadingsinspecializedindexes.###UseGoogleScholar,asearchenginethatfocusesonscholarlyjournalsandbooks.###Skimencyclopediaentriesinyourlibraryoronline.Howcanyouavoidvisualmisrepresentation?（）

答案:Donotuseafigurewhoseimagedistortsvalues.###Donotmakeatableorfigureunnecessarilycomplexormisleadinglysimple.###Donotmanipulateascaletomagnifyorreduceacontrast.###Ifthetableorfiguresupportsapoint,stateit.Howcanwewriteourconclusion?（）

答案:Startwiththemainpoint.###Callformoreresearch.###Addanewsignificanceorapplication.Howcanweaskquestionsconcerningafocusedtopic?（）

答案:Askwhatif?andotherspeculativequestions###Turnpositivequestionsintonegativeones###Askaboutitsstructuresandcompositions###Askhowyourtopiciscategorized###AskaboutthehistoryofthetopicWhatwaysofaskingquestionsdoesthequestion“Whatisthedifferencebetweencommunicativelanguageteachingandtask-basedlanguageteaching?”use?（）。

答案:AskhowyourtopiciscategorizedAllcitationformsbeginwiththenameoftheauthor,editor,orwhoeverelseisresponsibleforthesource.Wedistinguishstylesbywhatfollowstheauthor.Ifthetitlefollowstheauthor,thestyleiscalled______.()

答案:author-titleAccordingtotheprincipleof“Oldbeforenew”,whichsentencebelowisclearer?（）

答案:Lockeoftenrepeatedhimselfbecausehedistrustedthenamingpowerofwords.Thisnamingpowerhadbeencentraltoseventeenthcenturytheoriesoflanguage,especiallyWilkins’sschemeforauniversallanguageinvolvingthecreationofcountlesssymbolsforcountlessmeanings.Locke’sdistrustbeginsanewerainthestudyoflanguage,onethatfocusedontheambiguousrelationshipbetweensenseandreference.Whatistheadvantageofbarcharts?（）。

答案:Emphasizingthecontrast.Figuresdonotinclude______.（）。

答案:tablesWhichsentencestatesthecontextinthefollowingabstract?“1.ThispaperpresentsaninterventionthatwascreatedinaUnitedKingdomuniversityClassicsdepartmentwhereapproximately60%ofundergraduatestudentscamefromdiverseeducationalbackgroundstostudyclassicalGreco-Romanculture,buthadnotstudieditbeforeatschool/college.2.Toequipthesemorethanusuallydiverse‘transition’studentswithaskillsbasetoaidboththeiracademicprogressandfutureemployability,ateam-taughtmandatorymodulewasdesignedforfirstterm,first-yearundergraduates,whichembeddedtwoworkshopsandanassessmentexerciseonacademicwritingwitheightworkshopsonotherskills,mostofwhicharebothdiscipline-specificand‘transferable’.3.Thein-termassessmentstestedunderstandingoftheskillstaught,whileafinalexerciserequiredstudentstoreflectontheirlongerlearningprocessovertheterm,evaluatingdevelopmentintheiracademicwritinginthecontextofotherdiscipline-specificskills.4.Thismoduleservesasamodelforadoptionbothwithinacademicdepartmentsandalsoataninstitutionallevelforearlystageacademicwritingtraininginasubject-relatedcontext,whichcanserveasafirststeponalongerladderofskillsacquisitionoverthedegreeforenhancingbothacademicsuccessandemployabilityawareness.”（）。

答案:2Youmustspeakforsuchevidencebyintroducingitwithasentencestatingwhatyouwantyourreaderstogetoutofit.（）。

答案:對Thecitationstyleof“Anes,LeeJ.AStoryofOhio:ItsEarlyDays.Boston:HobsonPress,1988.”isauthor-title.（）

答案:對Inallinternationalsystemsofdocumentation,theremustbeanabstractinapaper.（）

答案:對Evenifyoucitethesource,readersmustknowexactlywhichwordsarenotyours,eveniftheyareasfewasasingleline.（）。

答案:對Mostresearchprojectsinthehumanitiesandmanyinnaturalandsocialscienceshavenodirectapplicationtodailylife.（）。

答案:對Aconceptualproblemariseswhenwedonotunderstandsomethingabouttheworldaswellaswewouldlike.Wesolveaconceptualproblemnotbydoingsomethingtochangetheworldbutbyansweringaquestionthathelpsunderstanditbetter.（）。

答案:對Thestandardwayofframingnewresearchproblemsistochallengeorbuildontheconclusionsormethodsofothers,aspresentedinsecondarysourcestheyhavewritten.（）。

答案:對Thepassivevoiceallowedustomovetheolder,morefamiliarinformationfromtheendofitssentencetoitsbeginning.（）。

答案:對Experiencedresearchersdon’treadpassively;theyengagetheirsourcesactively,enteringintoconversationwiththem.（）。

答案:對Youmustciteyoursourceeverytimeyouuseitswords,butyoudon’thavetowhenyouyouonlyparaphraseorsummarizethem.（）

答案:錯Youcanstrengthenyourargumentbyanticipating,acknowledging,andrespondingtoquestions,objections,andalternativesthatyourreadersarelikelytoraisealongtheway.（）。

答案:對Paperwritingisdifferentfromargumentationwritinginnature.（）

答案:錯Ifyousummariseyoursources,youdon’thavetociteitsbibliographicdataintheappropriatestyle.（）。

答案:錯Whatarethefeaturesofacademicwarrant?（）

答案:Beginnersinanyfieldoftenstrugglewiththelogicofargumentswrittenforspecialists.###Experiencedresearchersrarelystatetheirwarrantsexplicitlywhentheywriteforspecializedreadersintheirfieldsbecausetheycansafelyassumethatreadersalreadyknowthem.###Academicwarrantsareoftenstatedinwaysthatcompresstheircircumstancesandconsequences.Sourcesareconventionallycategorizedinto:（）

答案:Tertiarysources###Secondarysources###Primarysources.Howcanyouquestionwarrants?（）

答案:Isthewarrantabletocoveryourreasonandclaim###Isthewarrantsuperiortoanycompetingwarrants?###Isthewarrantsufficientlylimited?###Isthewarrantreasonable?###Isthewarrantappropriatetothisfield?HowcanresearchhelpyourreadersaccordingtoyourtextbookinChapter2?（）。

答案:Toentertainyourreaders###Tohelpyourreaderssolvepracticalproblem###TohelpyourreadersunderstandsomethingbetterHowcanyoumanagetheunavoidableproblemofinexperience?（）

答案:Breakthetaskintomanageablestepsandknowthattheyaremutuallysupportive.###Recognizethestruggleisalearningexperience.###Ifyouareastudent,countonyourteacherstounderstandyourstruggles.###Setrealisticgoals.###Knowthatuncertaintyandanxietyarenaturalandinevitable.###GetcontroloveryourtopicbywritingaboutitalongthewayHowcanyouchallengeothers’warrants?（）

答案:Challengemethodologicalwarrants.###Challengewarrantsbasedonexperience.###Challengewarrantsbasedonauthority.###Challengegeneralculturalwarrants.###Challengewarrantsbasedonsystemsofknowledge.Howcanyoubuildacomplexargumentoutofabasicargument?（）

答案:Supporteachreasonwithadditionalreasonsandevidence.###Respondtoalternativesandobjectionstoyourarguments.###Explainbackgroundandgivedefinitions.###Supportaclaimwithtwoormorereasons.Whatarethemethodsoffindingagoodresearchproblem?（）

答案:Findresearchproblemsinyoursources.###Askforhelp.###Criticalreadingcanhelpyoudiscoveragoodresearchprobleminyourowndraft.Whichkindofclaimdoes“Exposuretosecond-handsmokingisaleadingcontributortolungcancer.”belongto?（）。

答案:ClaimsofcauseandconsequenceWhichmightbeconsideredasagoodresearchproblem?（）。

答案:WhatisthecauseofCOVID-19?Whenusing_______,youlistyoursourcesinabibliographyandcitetheminyourtextwithfootnotesorendnotes.（）

答案:ChicagoAuthor-TitleStyleInwhichstyleofcitationdoyougivealistofworkscitedandciteyoursourcesparentheticallyinyourtext?（）

答案:MLAStyleWhichkindofclaimdoes“WilliamShakespeareisthegreatestwritereverproducedintheEnglishlanguage.”belongto?（）。

答案:ClaimsofevaluationorappraisalWhichofthefollowinggraphicscanemphasizetrends?（）。

答案:linegraphsWhichkindofclaimdoes“MinistryofEducationshouldreducetheburdenofprimaryschoolstudents.”belongto?（）。

答案:ClaimsofactionorpolicyWhenyoureportyourownevidence,youcannotavoidmanipulatingthem.（）。

答案:對Graphswillnotmisleadwhentheimageencouragesreadertomisjudgevalues.（）

答案:錯Topic,title,question,andproblemforresearchwritingarecloselyrelatedtoeachother.（）

答案:對Whileyouaretoargueagainstordefendapositionorpointofviewinathesispaper,youarenotsupposedtodosoinareportpaper.（）

答案:對Draftingcanbeanactofdiscoverythatplanningcanneverreplace,becauseitisthenthatweoftenexperienceoneofresearch’smostexcitingmoments:wediscoverideasthatwedidn’thaveuntilweexpressedthem.（）。

答案:對Paraphrasewhenyoucanstatewhatasourcesaysmoreclearlyorconciselyorwhenyourargumentdependsonthedetailsinasourcebutnotonitsspecificwords.（）。

答案:對Onceyouestablishastablecontextorcommonground,disruptitwithaproblem.（）。

答案:對Claimisatthecoreofeveryresearchargument,andyouhavetobackupthatclaimwithreasonsandevidence.（）。

答案:對Atopicisabroadareaofknowledge(e.g.,climatechange),whileasubjectisaspecificinterestwithinthatarea.（）

答案:錯Youmustciteyoursourceeverytimeyouuseitswords,evenifyouonlyparaphraseorsummarizethem.Ifthequotations,paraphrases,orsummariescomefromdifferentpagesofyoursources,citeeachoneindividually.（）。

答案:對Ifyouwanttoshowtheproportionofasinglevariableforaseriesofcases(e.g.,thebudgetshareofdifferentuniversitiesinChina),youcanuseapiechart.（）。

答案:對Wedon’tbaseevidenceonreasons;webasereasonsonevidence.（）

答案:對Everykindofwritingcomprisesformandcontent.Thereisnoexceptionwithpaperwriting.（）

答案:對Ifyoucomparethevalueofonevariableacrossaseriesofitemscalledcases(e.g.,averagesalariesforserviceworkersinsixcompanies),youcanuseabarchart.（）。

答案:對Themostcommonproblemisnotthatstudentsdon’tknowthattheyshouldciteasource,butthattheylosetrackofwhichwordsaretheirsandwhichareborrowed.（）。

答案:對Paperwritingis,insomesense,atypeofpracticalwriting,displayingformulaicfeaturestoalargedegreeforsomepurpose.（）

答案:對Allargumentsrelyonwarrants,eveniftheyaren’tstatedexplicitly.（）。

答案:對Noresearchargumentiscompletewithoutacknowledgmentsandresponses.（）。

答案:對Anabstractisaparagraphthattellsreaderswhattheywillfindinapaper,anarticle,orareport.Itshouldbeshorterthananintroductionbutsharesthesamestructure.（）。

答案:對Theclassificationsofprimary,secondary,andtertiaryarerelativelystableandarenotsubjecttochange.（）。

答案:錯Howcanyouevaluateyourevidence?（）

答案:Stateyourevidenceprecisely.###Reportyourevidenceaccurately.###Considertheweightofauthority.###Providesufficient,representativeevidence.Howcanwestateourresponseinwritinganintroduction?（）

答案:Wecanstatethemainpointorsolutiontowardstheendofanintroduction.###Wecanprovidealaunchingpoint.###Wecanpromiseasolution.Howcanweestablishacontextinwritinganintroduction?（）

答案:Wecanbeginanintroductionwithastablecontextofacommonground.###Wecanbeginanintroductionbypointingtoamisunderstandingabouttheproblemitself.###Wecanbeginanintroductionbydescribingamisunderstanding.###Wecanbeginanintroductionbysurveyingaflawedresearch.Whatshouldyounotdoasanethicalresearcher?（）

答案:Theydonotcaricatureordistortopposingviews.###Theydonotplagiarizeorclaimcreditfortheresultsofothers.###Theydonotdestroydataorconcealsourcesimportantforthosewhofollow.###Theydonotmisreportsources,inventdata,orfakeresults.###Theydonotconcealobjectionsthattheycannotrebut.###Theydonotsubmitdatawhoseaccuracytheydon’ttrust,unlesstheysayso.Whendoyouhavetostateawarrant?（）

答案:Youuseaprincipleofreasoningthatisneworcontroversialinyourfield.###Youmakeaclaimthatreaderswillresistbecausetheyjustdon’twantittobetrue.###Youaremakinganargumentinyouracademiccommunity.###Yourreadersareoutsideyourfield.Howcanyouevaluatethequalityofyourargument?（）

答案:Isyourevidencereliable?###Haveyouexpressedallthewarrantsyoushould?###Haveyouappropriatelyqualifiedyourargument?###Doesyourpaperreadlikeaconversationwithpeersorcolleaguesaskinghardbutfriendlyquestions?Wearesupposedtomakeourclaim______（）

答案:specific###credible###significantWhichisproposedtohelpreadersunderstandgraphics?（）。

答案:Keepthevisualimpactsimple.###Labeleverygraphicinawaythatdescribesitsdata.###Insertintothetableorfigureinformationthathelpsreadersseehowthedatasupportyourpoint.###Introducethetableorfigurewithasentencethatexplainshowtointerpretit.Howcanyouqualifyclaimstoenhanceyourcredibility:（）

答案:Usehedgestolimitcertainty###AcknowledgelimitingconditionsConceptualclaimsinclude（）

答案:Claimsofevaluationorappraisal###Claimsofcauseandconsequence###Claimsofdefinitionandclassification###ClaimsoffactofexistenceHowcanyouevaluateabookforrelevance?（）

答案:Ifthesourceisacollectionofarticles,skimtheeditor’sintroduction.###Skimthelastchapter,especiallythefirstandlasttwoorthreepages.###Skimitsindexforyourkeywords,thenskimthepagesonwhichthosewordsoccur.###Skimprologues,introductions,summarychapters,andsoon.###Skimthefirstandlastparagraphsinchaptersthatusealotofyourkeywords.###Checkthebibliographyfortitlesrelevanttoyourtopic.Whatarethestepsinformulatingasignificantquestion?（）

答案:Tellwhetheryourquestionmightinterestnotjustyoubutothers###Addanindirectquestionthatindicateswhatyoudonotknoworunderstandyourtopic###NameyourtopicusingnounsderivedfromverbsHowcanwritinghelpyouaccordingtothetextbook?（）。

答案:Writingcanhelptoremember###Writingcanhelptotestyourthinking###WritingcanhelptounderstandWhichofthefollowingmethodscanhelptoavoidvisualmisrepresentation?（）。

答案:Donotmakeatableorfigureunnecessarilycomplexormisleadinglysimple.###Donotmanipulateascaletomagnifyorreduceacontrast.###Donotuseafigurewhoseimagedistortsvalues.Howcanyourevisetheorganizationofyourpaper?（）

答案:Isthepointofeachsectionstatedinabriefintroduction(preferably)orinitsconclusion?###Dokeytermsrunthroughyourwholepaper?###Dotermsthatunifyeachsectionrunthroughit?###Isthebeginningofeachsectionandsubsectionclearlysignaled?###Doeseachmajorsectionbeginwithwordsthatsignalhowthatsectionrelatestotheonebeforeit?###Isitclearhoweachsectionrelatestothewhole?Whatwaysofaskingquestionsdoesthequestion“WhatroledoesDaoplayintraditionalChineseculture?”use?（）。

答案:AskaboutItsStructureandCompositionWhichofthefollowingcanbeconsideredasagoodtopic?（）。

答案:TherepresentationofracisminHollywoodmoviesWhichsentenceintheargumentbelowincludestheclaim?“1.Elementaryschoolsshouldmaketeachingforeignlanguagesaprioritybecauseweacquirelanguagesbestandmosteasilywhenweareyoung.2.Infact,thosewhobeginsecondlanguagesasadultsrarelyattaintheleveloffluencyofthosewholearnthemaschildren.3.Inastudyofoveronehundredsecond-languagelearners,Jones(2013)identifiedaninversecorrelationbetweensecond-languageproficiencyand...(seetable1).”（）。

答案:1WhichisNOTaresultofmisleadingfigures?（）。

答案:Reflectingtherealcontrasts.Whatwaysofaskingquestionsdoesthequestion“Whichcountryfirstinventedcompass?”use?（）。

答案:Askaboutthehistoryofyourtopic.Whichkindofclaimdoes“BeijingisthecapitalofChina”belongto?（）。

答案:ClaimsoffactorexistenceWhatwaysofaskingquestionsdoesthequestion“WhywaspotatonotfirstplantedinChina?”use?（）。

答案:TurnpositivequestionsintonegativeonesWhichkindofclaimdoes“Dinosaurisanextinctterrestrialreptile,freq.ofgiganticsize,ofagroupwhichwasdominantinMesozoictimes,somehavingpelvicgirdleslikelizards(orderSaurischia)andotherslikebirds(orderOrnithischia)”belongto?（）。

答案:ClaimsofdefinitionandclassificationAccordingtotheprincipleof“complexitylast”,whichsentencebelowisclearer?（）

答案:Foroverthreedecades,theleadingbiologicalaccountofdepressionhasbeenthemonoaminehypothesis.Accordingtothishypothesis,depressionisassociatedwithdeficitsinneurotransmitterscalledmonoamines,includingdopamine,epinephrine,norepinephrine,andserotonin.Differenttypesofantidepressantsworkindifferentwaystoregulateconcentrationsofmonoaminesinneuralsynapses.Whichsentenceintheargumentbelowincludestheevidence?“1Whenanareahasfewerhardfreezes,itcanexpecthighermedicalcoststocopewithdiseasescarriedbysubtropicalinsectsthatdonotsurvivefreezes.2.EuropeandNorthAmericamustthusexpecthigherhealthcarecostsbecauseclimatechangeismovingthelineofextendedhardfreezessteadilynorth.3.Inthelastonehundredyears,thelineofhardfreezeslastingmorethantwoweekshasmovednorthattherateofroughly...”（）。

答案:3Theprimarysourcesinthefieldofliteratureinclude:（）

答案:ThetextWhichquestionisNOTmeaningful?（）。

答案:Howshallpeoplebreatheiftheywearfacemasksalldaylong?WhichquestionisNOTworthaskingaboutLordoftheFlies?（）。

答案:Howmanypigshavetheboyshunted?WhichmightbeagoodfocusedtopicforanessayaboutLordoftheFlies?（）。

答案:therepresentationofhumannatureinLordoftheFliesAccordingtotheprincipleof“makeyourcentralcharactersthesubjectsofthoseverbs;keepthosesubjectsshort,concrete,andspecific”,whichsentencebelowisclearer?（）

答案:Ifrainforestsarestrippedtoserveshort-termeconomicinterests,theearth’sbiospheremaybedamaged.Researchisasocialactivitythatconnectsyoubothtothosewhowilluseyourresearchandtothosewhomightbenefitfromthatuse.（）

答案:對Craftsmanshipmeansawillingnesstofocus,directlyandmethodically,onwhatwedon’tyetknowsothatwecanlearnhowtoworkwithever-increasingskill.（）

答案:對Whatarethethreetamingtechniquestogetusbackintrackinacademicwriting?（）。

答案:Writing15minutesaday###Creatingaprojectbox###LeavingasidealltheotherworkThinkingofourselvesascraftspersonswillhelpfreeusfrombecomingposeursandtherebyhelpustodobetterintellectualwork.（）

答案:對Academiccareerisalifeofthemind.（）

答案:錯Whenrevisingasentence,wecan…（）。

答案:Findwhatthosecharactersaredoing.Iftheiractionsareinnouns,changethemintoverbs.###Createclauseswithyourmaincharactersassubjectsandtheiractionsasverbs.###Findthecharactersyouwanttotellastoryabout.Ifyoucan’t,inventthem.Academicstyleissupposedtobe…（）。

答案:concise###direct###clearWhatisthewholesubjectofthesentence“TheLord'sextensivecollectionofcoinsisondisplayuntilJune”?（）。

答案:thelord’sextensivecollectionofcoinsWhatdoestheprincipleof“complexitylast”mean?（）。

答案:Ourwritingshouldnotbecomplex.Whatisthesimplesubjectofthesentence“TheLord'sextensivecollectionofcoinsisondisplayuntilJune”?（）。

答案:collectionWhataretheguidelinesforavoidingvisualmisrepresentation?（）。

答案:Donotmanipulateascaletomagnifyorreduceacontrast.Insertintothetableorfigureinformationthathelpsreadersseehowthedatasupportyourpoint.（）

答案:對Whatistherhetoricaleffectofatable?（）。

答案:Itispreciseandobjective.Youvisualrepresentationshouldbenotonlyaccuratebutalsohonestandethical.（）

答案:對Barchartscommunicateasmuchbyvisualimpactasbyspecificnumbers.（）

答案:對Whyarecitingsourcesbeneficialforyou?（）。

答案:Manyexperiencedresearchersthinkthatifawritercan’tgetthelittlethingsright,hecan’tbetrustedonthebigones.###Readersdon’ttrustsourcestheycan’tfind.###Propercitationsshowthatyouhavelearnedoneimportantpartofintegratingtheresearchofothersintoyourownthinking.###Citationsprotectyoufromachargeofplagiarism.Whenyousupportyourreasonswithevidence,youhavetoshowreadershowevidenceisrelevant.（）

答案:對Whenyoucitesources,youhonorthembyacknowledgingyourintellectualdebts.（）

答案:對WhichstatementonincorporatingsourcesisNOTtrue?（）。

答案:Youquotewhendetailsofyoursourcesareirrelevant.Readersusecitationstodecidehowmuchtheycantrustthereliability,currency,andcompletenessofyourevidence.（）

答案:對WhichstatementondraftingisNOTtrue?（）。

答案:Manywritersdraftquicklyandkeepwritinguntiltheyrunoutofgas.Whenrevisingtheorganizationofyourpaper,youhavetocheckwhetherkeytermsrunthroughyourwholepaper.（）

答案:對Ifwhatyouidentifyasevidenceanditsexplanationarelessthanathirdorsoofasection,youmaynothaveenoughevidencetosupportyourreasons.（）

答案:對Whenrevisingyourparagraphs,youhavetoarrangethemasaconversationyouareorchestrating.（）

答案:對Whenyourevise,youhavetothinkasareader.（）

答案:對Warrantisageneralprinciplethatjustifiesrelatingyourparticularreasontoyourparticularclaim.（）

答案:對Thecoreofaresearchargumentistheclaimsupportedbyreasonsandevidence.（）

答案:對Aresearchargumentincludessixparts:claim,reasons,evidence,acknowledgment,response,andwarrant.（）

答案:錯Inaresearchargument,weareexpectedtoshowreaderswhyourclaimsareimportantandthentosupportyourclaimswithgoodreasonsandevidence.（）

答案:對Wehavetoplanourargumentafterwehavegatheredeverylastbitofdataandfoundeverylastrelevantsource.（）

答案:錯Whenyouplanyourworkingintroduction,youhavetoidentifykeyconceptsthatwillrunthroughyourwholepaper.（）

答案:對Organizeyourpaperasanarrativeofyourthinking.（）

答案:錯Howdoyouplanthebodyofyourpaper?（）。

答案:Findasuitableorder.###Sketchbackgroundanddefineterms.###Createapageforeachmajorsectionofyourpaper.Whensketchaworkingintroduction,youshould…（）。

答案:sketchabriefsummaryofonlythekeypointsinonlythosesourcesmostrelevanttoyourargument.###rephraseyourquestionasastatementaboutaflaworgapthatyouseeinthem.###sketchananswertoSowhatifwedon’tfindout?###statetheanswerstoyourquestionsasyourpoint,orpromiseananswerinalaunchingpoint.Doassembleyourpaperasapatchworkofyournotes.（）

答案:錯Howcanweengagesourcesactively?（