2020上海楊浦高三英語一模試卷說課講解

1、2020上海楊浦高三英語一模試卷精品文檔楊浦區(qū)2019學年第一學期高三模擬質量調研 英語學科試卷2019.12n . Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given wo

2、rd; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Killer RabbitsYou d never think of rabbits as dreadful, destructive creatures, would you? Rabbits are cute and love-able. However, Australians discovered (21)harm these cute creatures can do the hard way.Rabbits were introduced to Aust

3、ralia in 1788 as food animals. By 1827, they were running around large estates, and in 1859, disaster struck. A man released 12 wild rabbits onto his property for hunting and he (22)have thought that was harmless fun. But Australia has no predators(捕食者)(23)(adapt) to killing rabbits and none of the

4、diseases that kept their populations (24) control in Europe. The loose rabbits bred like, well, rabbits, and began to take over the countryside. Within a few decades, there were millions. By 1950, there were 600 million rabbits in Australia.Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm. They

5、 caused more damage than any other species introduced to the continent. They ate native plant species (25)they disappeared. They competed for food and shelter with native animals. they caused the extinction or endangerment of numerous plant and animal species. And they were a nightmare for cattle an

6、d sheep farmers, (26)animals couldnt get enough grass to eat and starved.The rabbits did some good, of course. They provided food for poor families. They supported fur industries. But their impact on the environment and major livestock economy was too negative (27)(ignore). People tried trapping the

7、m. They even built a huge wall against them. But (28)(effective) weapon was a virus.(29) (test) multiple times, the deadly myxoma virus was released on Australias rabbits in 1950. The virus had been developed very carefully to affect only rabbits. Nearly 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the dis

8、ease (30) (die).Populations fell. It was a huge success. Cattle and sheep farming收集于網絡，如有侵權請聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔recovered gradually, and threatened plants were better protected. Eventually, rabbits became resistant to the virus.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. E

9、ach word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. string B. contained C. representing D. detailing E. scientific F. currents G. recovered H. encountered I. estimated J. instructions K. decorationBottle Found at Sea Used for Scientific PurposeCombing the beach for she

10、lls, sea glass, or colorful rocks is a leisure activity enjoyed by many. Some even use metal detectors to find buried treasure or other objects. Only the lucky few have 31 a message in a bottle that was dropped offby the tide. The tradition of putting a letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle a

11、nd throwing it into the ocean has an interesting past. An early 32 use for thepractice was revealed when the oldest recorded message in a bottle was found by Tonya on a beach near Wedge Island, Australia.Tonya was on a family outing when she noticed the antique glass bottle in the sand and thought i

12、t would make a nice 33. While she was cleaning the sandy gin bottle, a rolled up paper tied with a 34 fell out. The damp page wasa message written in German and dated June 12, 1886. According to official documents from the German sailing vessels, Paula, a crew member tossed the bottle overboard a(n)

13、35 950 km off the coast of Western Australia. Further researchauthenticated(僉證)the letter, which had been sent afloat 132 years ago and is the oldest message in a bottle ever 36.Historians confirm that thousands of similar bottles were cast overboard by German ships between 1864 and 1933. And 37 ins

14、ide were official documentswritten by the captain of the ship,38_ routes, coordinates, and other information. These early messages in a bottle were an attempt by the German Naval Observatory to map ocean 39 around the world.On the back of the notes were _40_ to write the time and place the bottles w

15、ere found and return them to the German Naval Observatory in Hamburg or the nearest German authorities. Using this information for reference was an early system of studying patterns in nature and the vast ocean in particular.III. Reading Comprehension Section A收集于網絡，如有侵權請聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔Directions: For e

16、ach blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match._41m atanesfa

17、k _practise hard. How is this happening?” This student, like many I teach, believes sheshould be able to 42 the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.I study and write about resilience 億原力）,and I m noticing a（n） 43 increase in students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful a

18、nd smart. When they fall short of what they imagine they should 44, however, they arecrushed by self-blame.We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from 45. But there is something else at play among themost advantaged in particular: a 46 prom

19、ise that they can achieve anything ifthey are willing to work for it.Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of - mindset research, which has found that praising children for 47 will increaseacademic performance. Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set educati

20、on has spread across classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not 48 help everyone.One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wea

21、lthy, pressureeoker communities, “It is not a 49of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem.50, it isunhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the fierce drive for achievements is over the top. This caphysical andemotional stress. In a 2007 study, psyc

22、hologists Gregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refused to give up the 52 goals showed elevated levels ofCRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation（癥）linked to diabetes, heart disease and other medical conditions.The cruel reality is that you can do everything in y

23、our power and still fail. This knowledge comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of discrimination （歧視）and inequality teaches them to 53 what is, for now,largely beyond their control to change. Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Inste

24、ad of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don t go their wawe should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what 54 inspires them andthat where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. We收集于網絡，如有侵權請

25、聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔should be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least 55 it. Its often the people who learn to say stuff happens, who get upthe fastest.A. coolnessA. controlA. amusingA. applyA. disbeliefA. brightA. virtueA. originallyA. choiceA. insteadA. result fromA. I

26、mmoralA. challengeA. plainlyA. exhibitB. fitnessB. changeB. inspiringB. approveB. disagreementC. goodnessC. adjustC. troublingC. appreciateC. discoveryD. readinessD. celebrateD. touchingD. accomplishD. discomfortB. false C. generalD. flexibleB. abilityB. obviouslyB. commandB. OtherwiseB. apply forB.

27、 impersonalB. acceptB. probablyB. expectC.effortD.statusC.necessarilyD.regularlyC. displayD.lackC.ThereforeD.HoweverC.associate withD.lead toC.impossibleD.impoliteC.assessD.inquireC.immediatelyD.actuallyC.establishD.recognizeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is fol

28、lowed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)David Miles, an Australian inventor has been accused of cheating desperate farmers

29、by charging up to $50,000 Australian dollars for delivering rain on demand without so much as explaining the technology behind his business.On the official Miles Research website, Miles explains that in the 1990 she realized that it was possible to influence weather patterns by creating a bridge bet

30、ween the present an-firiure eveaf in the physical spa-time continuum. He found that by applying small amounts of energy intelligently, even a large, messy weather system approaching from the future could be eased.While somewhat fascinating, Miles explanation does little to explain how he is able to

31、bring rainfall to the lands of farmers. He makes references to famous but debatable concepts like “the butterfly effect ” .“We were advised against patentingbecause ifs basically exposing how it works. There are a lot of big companies that invest in hunting out patents, Miles said the Halna-ersHhnd)

32、nly other收集于網絡，如有侵權請聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔way is to fully prove up our science and physics. If we did that, well lose it, it will be taken up as a national security interest and it ll then be weaponized.Miles claims raised suspicions for obvious reasons, including a since- deleted section of his company websit

33、e, which claimed that his technology used “ electromagnetic scalar waves whichscientists say don t even exist.The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has warned people against doing business with him, but the Australian inventor claims the ACCC is only trying to defame him and his

34、company, as in reality they are success based -if it doesn t rain, they don t get paid.Consumers signed the agreement that if by the end of June they receive 100mm, they pay $50,000, if they only receive 50mm, they would only pay $25,000. Anything under half, we don t want to be paid, Miles said of

35、afhWhmfnera farmers who agreed to take him up on his offer to deliver rain.Believe it or not, one of the farmers who paid David Miles for his so- called rain-making capabilities told ABC Radio that he was quite happy with the results.David Miles claims to be capable of.influencing the weather system

36、predicting the future eventsreducing the atmospheric temperatureeasing the gravitational energyACCC issued warning against doing business with Miles because.he charged too much for the services providedthere was no solid science to hack up his technologyhis practice was a threat to national security

37、 interesthe didn officially patent his technology with ACCCAccording to Miles, how much will be paid if the farmers receive 15mm of rain?A. $50,000. B. $25,000.C. $12,500. D. $0.What can be inferred from the passage?Miles needed safer facilities for his business.Miles brought about good crops as exp

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48、s on Trust-pilotWhich statement is TRUE about Stannah stair-lift mentioned in the advertisement?It promises to regularly check on the old people who live independently.It can be installed easily by following instructions in the brochure.It provides fast and free repair services by professional techn

49、icians.It offers an alternative to old people who dont want to be relocated.(C)How and why, roughly 2 million years ago, early human ancestors evolved large brains and began fashioning relatively advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of evolution. Some researchers argue these changes w

50、ere brought about by the invention of cooking. They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved, and that it takes less energy to absorb nutrients from收集于網絡，如有侵權請聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔cooked food. As a result, once they had mastered the art, early chefs could invest less

51、in their digestive systems and thus invest the resulting energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought. There is, however, a problem with the cooking theory. Most archaeologists 考古學家）believe the evidence of controlled fire stretches back no more than 790,000 years.Roger Summons

52、 of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a solution. Together with his team, he analyzed 1.7 million-year-old sand-stones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The region is famous for the large number of human fossils （t 石）that have been discovered there, alongside

53、an impressive assembly of stone tools. The sand-stones themselves have previously yielded some of the world s earliest complex handaaxestear-drop-shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus!（立人）.Creating an axe by repeatedly knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sh

54、arp cutting edges requires a significant amount of planning. Their appearance is therefore thought to mark an important moment in intellectual evolution. Trapped inside the Olduvai sand-stones, the researchers found distinctive but unusual biological molecul e 子）that are often interpreted as biomark

55、ers for heat-tolerant bacteria. Some of these live in water between 850 C and 95 0 C. The molecules presence suggests that anancient river within the Gorge was once fed by one or more hot springs.Dr. Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a convenient -firre means of cook

56、ing food. In New Zealandhe Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or by digging a hole in the hot earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it is plausible, if difficult to prove, that early humans might have used hot springs to

57、cook meat and roots. Richard Wrangham, who devised the cooking theory, is fascinated by the idea. Nonetheless, fire would have offered a distinct advantage to humans, once they had mastered the art of controlling it since, unlike a hot spring, it is a transportable resource.All of the following stat

58、ements can support the cooking theory EXCEPT.cooking enabled early humans to invest less in digestive systemcooking enabled early humans to devote more energy to building big brainsour brain became larger around the same time our digestivesystem weakenedthe controlled fire wasn t mastered until abou

59、t 790,0，earsagoThe presence of biological molecules was important because. A.they suggested a possible means of cooking without firethey cast light on how early Homo erectus livedthey provided a convenient way of studying stone tools收集于網絡，如有侵權請聯(lián)系管理員刪除精品文檔they made studies of pre-historic cultures po

60、ssibleThe underlined word “ plausible probably means .A. noticeable B. applicable C. reasonable D. affordableWhat may be the conclusion of the study by Dr. Summons and his colleague?Early humans were capable of making complex stone tools.Hot springs help explain how human brains got so big.Homo erec