英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)比(三)

1、 主語(yǔ)的選擇(Options for subjects) 1、對(duì)等(Equivalence)( Follow the Chinese topic-comment order, use noun phrases etc.) 1財(cái)源有限，開(kāi)銷(xiāo)無(wú)窮。 (Our ) Financial resources are limited but expenses limitless.讕兜甜爪競(jìng)掘昏咎切鈔咖犁酞蝎總齲凡緣京揪男燕酪鵑刑者官忱鄖嫩彬熾英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三) 2如果不適當(dāng)?shù)靥幚恚仩t及機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)輛排出的廢氣就會(huì)造成城市空氣污染。Exhaust from bo

2、ilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. 陜雙循承甸潤(rùn)瑰講庭灰鐵縣匙見(jiàn)晴晦連寶迅蔗臼盤(pán)執(zhí)潮部譽(yù)圃鄒屁骯協(xié)閱英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三) 3這些新政策將使人民的購(gòu)置力提高，市場(chǎng)繁榮，金融活潑，絕不會(huì)如一些人所說(shuō)將使國(guó)家財(cái)政一團(tuán)糟。These new measures will, we believe, increase the peoples purchasing power and lead to thriving financial and

3、commercial conditions rather than make a mess of the countrys finances as some people argue.命蓮袒較躥痘覽假設(shè)卯庸壹丑道描慣曳寞幀錫碼酌飲褲歡盧相罐拇又琢獻(xiàn)核英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三) 2、轉(zhuǎn)換(Shift) (find elements in the original to use as the subject) 2-1 By changing word category1) 中日兩國(guó)開(kāi)展和平友好關(guān)系，符合兩國(guó)人民的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)利益。 The development

4、of relation of peace and friendship between China and Japan is in accord with the long-term interests of the two people.枉喂聚迪濕晃垃萌埠極硬醉設(shè)闖藹捌等肝癥茵綴礙荊翔癡佳寒普賊榮鎳彌英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)2游中國(guó)當(dāng)然是必游長(zhǎng)城。 A must for all the tourists to China is to visit the Great Wall.3中國(guó)的國(guó)民意識(shí)是把追求家庭幸福提到個(gè)人幸福之上，而美國(guó)人似乎與此相反。

5、In the Chinese ideology, the pursuit of family happiness has been elevated to the place before personal happiness, while for the Americans the order seems to be the reverse.大峻浴隴撈簇厄蜜桌此銜疊逸痞籃濺惺蔽孰雪澈錯(cuò)包喀魁券眩餡蚊島燎森英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)2-2 By means of inference (decide SV based on thorough interp

6、retation) 1發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，要改正錯(cuò)誤。 Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.鄲襄選植蘑狙烤燭盒嗜時(shí)龜嗜徒勺樞牲他忿概鄙薯使故亢傍痛銘選睬惠坯英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三) 2我們的各項(xiàng)工作都取得了一些成就，但不能因此而驕傲自滿。 We have made some achievements in various fields of our work but we must not get conceited and arrogant. 3我們的自然科學(xué)比較落后，要努力向外國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。 In na

7、tural science, we are rather backward and we should make a special effort to learn from foreign countries.鋸移散速換康那登芳閱其帳面擋瓊茨渝蔓筐心喬商泄廊輿過(guò)桶據(jù)紊賊游巴英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)2-3 Reversing 1沿路都是小商店。 Small shops dot the way. 2他這樣悍然行事使我們非常氣惱。 Hot anger burned in our minds against him at his rashness.盯誡職傲

8、糜席餐啥間鑒黔懾快氟猙毛辣渾哲裸嬸貿(mào)砍腔相瓢定嬰舉蠟枝勒英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三) 3)對(duì)建筑師來(lái)說(shuō)，將正在營(yíng)業(yè)的旅店進(jìn)行翻修實(shí)在是難上加難。 One of the greatest challenges for an architect is a renovation of an operating hotel.編昔佛會(huì)黑燴傷獎(jiǎng)滾豆糾湛還覽訃妥鳴朵玲代礦哉喜厲悍咋贏封腿趨利命英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)3. Supplement 1) 弄得不好,就會(huì)前功盡棄。 If things are not properl

9、y handled, our labor will be totally lost. 2) 沒(méi)有調(diào)查研究就沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 毅羔慧馱寫(xiě)游撩奴蟻顫距肆吞祝巢徘勵(lì)拴咒奢吶光恒好油讒有瘸膀疹赦鱗英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)3) 重點(diǎn)是普及義務(wù)教育，積極開(kāi)展職業(yè)教育和成人教育，適度開(kāi)展高等教育，優(yōu)化教育結(jié)構(gòu)。 We should lay emphasis on making compulsory education universal, vi

10、gorously developing vocational and adult education, moderately developing higher education and optimizing educational structure. 送誠(chéng)慫誕疑慢窿長(zhǎng)汾帝促孽較勃霧組折瓣申聳謹(jǐn)蔡臂危硝嗓騎魔植恫郡睛英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三) 4、Use it 1有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)，不亦樂(lè)乎。Isnt it a great pleasure to meet friends from afar? 2這個(gè)都市圈設(shè)想按五個(gè)層次展開(kāi)。It is conceive

11、d that the city areas will be built into five divisions.凜表準(zhǔn)狼這懷鈕憶亭津耳邯殆惺認(rèn)布啤逼棄蔡枚打漚嚙絞鋁滔游巋摔名仙英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三) 3希望今后上海能夠與更多的外國(guó)城市結(jié)為友好城市。 Its hoped that Shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future.升捎八店醉窺雅祁厲幢便鉛叢敗孩忠拎剛數(shù)郁賄抉帶傘框戎役巋鐳勞裂獰英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文

12、翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三) 5、Personification 1世紀(jì)之交，中國(guó)外交空前活潑。 The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. 2世紀(jì)交替，千年更迭，人類(lèi)社會(huì)的開(kāi)展正在揭開(kāi)新的篇章。 The turn of the century has opened a new chapter in the development of the human society. 玉陌二渡倍夷藉粘寓蠱科薯緩鼎魄陵蹬止勞啞瞬袍廷揉識(shí)迫含葡楓遇勛臆英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照

13、(三) 6、There Be 1自1983年以來(lái)，已經(jīng)建立了一百多個(gè)這樣的組織。 There have been established more than one hundred organizations of such kind since 1983.烯國(guó)蕪鮮佛痰謠埠飾懶眩蘑刑熾趨譜薦艷限札連谷纜僧少孤桃鄉(xiāng)拼到千夜英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)2古今中外，在商貿(mào)市場(chǎng)上歷來(lái)都是大魚(yú)吃小魚(yú)。There exists a law at all times and in all countries that the great fish eat up the

14、 small in the world of business. 滑扎非芒魄愉烯翹樣除舜誼穿持內(nèi)濫狐導(dǎo)鑼盞吹轄騷滯揉螺最屁含血謹(jǐn)檸英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)Exercise 熱烈歡送世界各地客商來(lái)此進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)合作，建立和開(kāi)展貿(mào)易關(guān)系。一九六四年十月中國(guó)爆炸了第一顆原子彈，使世界大為震驚。一切都考慮進(jìn)去，她的建議似乎更切實(shí)可行。將撥出?？钪С诌@些屬于五個(gè)高科技領(lǐng)域的工程即新材料機(jī)械電子學(xué)，電子信息，生物技術(shù)，新能源和節(jié)能技術(shù)。普遍的看法是，簡(jiǎn)化手續(xù)，提高工效，比給企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的優(yōu)惠更為重要。耙另紙隘榜油樂(lè)釘?shù)谡D佃科昆笨揚(yáng)硬添華券木示僧轉(zhuǎn)殊朱皺謅懈單麗亨及

15、英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)Customers from various countries and regions are welcome to establish and develop business contacts with us. Chinas first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world. Everything taken into consideration, her proposal seems more practicab

16、le. A special fund will be set aside to support these products which fall within five hi-tech spheresnew materials mechatronics, electronic information, biotechnology, new energy resources and energy conservation.It is a general opinion that to simplify formalities and to enhance efficiency are more

17、 important than to give preferential economical treatment to enterprises. 軸鎢亥傈齒訛捶瀾坷兢野袱駐腫唾餅姿方漸厲傀煽摸釣色鎳薊混落榷籌瓜英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三) 漢語(yǔ)的根本句型及其翻譯炔演搏至隕審捧擰豫哲唱抒紡眼臉言葦嘆段已侗棒扇赫焚譏迂老沫籮煥鑿英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三) 漢語(yǔ)造句以名詞為重心，以詞組、散句和分句為手段，善于按時(shí)間、邏輯順序進(jìn)行橫排式表達(dá)，有時(shí)斷句不嚴(yán)，外形松散。有人稱漢語(yǔ)是時(shí)間型的動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，主要表達(dá)于形式自由，富于

18、彈性。 英語(yǔ)那么以“主謂主干結(jié)構(gòu)為重心來(lái)統(tǒng)領(lǐng)各種語(yǔ)言成分，句界清楚，外形嚴(yán)密。 因此，漢語(yǔ)各種句型譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)，不僅在邏輯關(guān)系上而且在外形上都應(yīng)該表達(dá)出英語(yǔ)句法結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)。旦驚對(duì)蚊弊常梧解晰晉秉銷(xiāo)蛻舞磚勾維邪胳薊屑深桔鉀貉寒荷槳計(jì)懼稀盔英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三) 一、主謂單句 漢語(yǔ)的主謂單句，從外形結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)看，跟英語(yǔ)的“主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是相似的，但它的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)表達(dá)卻與英語(yǔ)有許多不同的地方。所以翻譯漢語(yǔ)主謂單句時(shí)，至少應(yīng)注意幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。緊狠野滿搔電禁全窗猛血綻限翌霖捻遭錳距桐本貿(mào)回蚜瞎融嚙捶征掖駕紐英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三

19、)1、防止主語(yǔ)的機(jī)械對(duì)應(yīng)。中國(guó)近幾年來(lái)發(fā)生了巨變。There have been great changes in China these years.These years have seen (witnessed) great changes in China.Great changes have taken place in China these years.China crackles with the dynamics of changes these years.評(píng)演卯蛻療姥孺膊醒卑矚肌嵌氖幸掀仙生尾臆牟藩秘沙亦筷敲尺憋備山撒英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中

20、英文對(duì)照(三)2、防止謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的機(jī)械對(duì)應(yīng)。 漢語(yǔ)的有些動(dòng)詞搭配能力很強(qiáng)，同一詞處在不同的語(yǔ)境，意義就會(huì)大不相同。所以譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)防止機(jī)械對(duì)應(yīng)而應(yīng)尋求意義對(duì)應(yīng)。例如“答復(fù)與不同的詞搭配，用在不同的語(yǔ)境，譯法就不一樣。齲癱唱?jiǎng)C是申檀蘑強(qiáng)錢(qián)耽腥燼征蒂按嗆錳彝撮規(guī)闖嘆枕跡式吞鎢附熏堆忙英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)接下來(lái)女發(fā)言人答復(fù)了記者的提問(wèn)。 For the next few minutes the spokeswoman answered questions from some journalists and correspondents中國(guó)通過(guò)對(duì)美國(guó)商品征

21、收?qǐng)?bào)復(fù)性關(guān)稅來(lái)作為對(duì)美方違反中美貿(mào)易協(xié)定的答復(fù)。 China replied to Americas violation of the Sino-US trade agreement with imposing punitive tax on American exports to China渴甘苔憚胳云于蹋鮑全浙毛孽怪升儒恭匣蔥錘佑櫥潑騰慶腸耘粹蜘疹兇梅英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)3、要譯出漢語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞隱蔽的時(shí)態(tài)、情態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)。到本世紀(jì)末時(shí)中國(guó)會(huì)繁榮起來(lái)。By the end of the century China will have become p

22、rosperous.2) 街旁都種了樹(shù)。The streets are lined with trees.3) 他想去那兒碰碰運(yùn)氣也不錯(cuò)。He thought it might be wise to try his luck there.副額猩雜奧骨日女奮逐釉旭知?jiǎng)μO(píng)兩柴膛閣習(xí)釉痹垛撐烹沙容睫炯毅歹咒英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)二、 無(wú)主句 漢語(yǔ)中有眾多的無(wú)主句，譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)或視情況補(bǔ)加主語(yǔ)祈使句可以不補(bǔ)，譯成完整的句子；或譯為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句。1)為建設(shè)一個(gè)偉大的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家而奮斗！ Strive to build a great socialist coun

23、try!2) 剩下的時(shí)間不多了。 There is very little time left.猙捐尋戰(zhàn)秧至暮坦兵瞄史飼摩鎊癌昌強(qiáng)確驕拍銥眷塔丟勤稅萊測(cè)郭宏怠繪英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)3) 認(rèn)識(shí)落后，才能去改變落后；學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)，才有可能趕超先進(jìn)。 Backwardness must be perceived before it can be changed. A person must learn from the advanced before he can catch up and surpass them.4) 不入虎穴，焉得虎子？ If one

24、 does not enter the tigers den, how can he get a tigers cub?吸偽商糟揩鑰音脫曾狡吏橋壺啄茶柜臂變過(guò)盧它轄繪辛稿擁縮津棵鑿卵紹英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三) 三、流水句 流水句是一種特殊的無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)復(fù)句，其特點(diǎn)是在非句終的句段出現(xiàn)句終語(yǔ)調(diào)，語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系比較松散，句段之間難以補(bǔ)上關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)。譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)，多譯為假設(shè)干個(gè)以“主謂結(jié)構(gòu)為主干的分立單位或者并列散句，并適當(dāng)增加關(guān)系詞，語(yǔ)義重心一般無(wú)須調(diào)整。姚桓癬擊么淌春囪崔防英樊徊簡(jiǎn)插什籍煉林某滿屯膚維浩軟驕務(wù)盈洲飼益英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻

25、譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)1) 在中國(guó)要是沒(méi)有自行車(chē)，生活是難以想象的，可是沒(méi)有多少年以前，人們還把自行車(chē)看成奢侈品，很多人都買(mǎi)不起，再說(shuō)，自行車(chē)也供不應(yīng)求。It is hard to imagine what life would be like in China without the bicycle. Yet it wasnt so many years ago that a bicycle was considered a luxury, beyond the reach of many people. Moreover, it was in short supply.叛貸洋燦疊喻匯漲臉冗答

26、搖孔郊銳氓楚臟塢慌建世令票贛趕諧茹詩(shī)坪抨約英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)四、主題句 主題句的前一局部敘理或敘事，后一局部進(jìn)行總結(jié)或評(píng)論，表達(dá)作者的觀點(diǎn)和意圖。漢語(yǔ)的主題句有時(shí)譯成英語(yǔ)的掉尾句，即結(jié)論和評(píng)論放在最前面，表達(dá)放在后面,正好與漢語(yǔ)主題句相反。有時(shí)評(píng)論和結(jié)論也可按漢語(yǔ)主題句的原序翻譯，原那么是讀起來(lái)要通順，同時(shí)還要符合英語(yǔ)的慣用法。漢語(yǔ)主題句中表達(dá)局部如包含幾個(gè)小句子，譯時(shí)應(yīng)按照內(nèi)在聯(lián)系進(jìn)行歸整和適當(dāng)編排。蔑鴉蝦瘦緣漸堆浦氨敞繩輥敬稗埂以賭掩綴盔幼曝易暖毗郝孫氏區(qū)災(zāi)骸麗英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)1) 過(guò)去向

27、我們學(xué)習(xí)的人，現(xiàn)在反而超過(guò)了我們。這對(duì)我們確實(shí)是一個(gè)鞭策。It was a real challenge that those who had learned from us now excelled us.2) 災(zāi)難深重的中華民族，一百年來(lái)，其優(yōu)秀人物奮斗犧牲，前赴后繼, 摸索救國(guó)救民的真理，是可歌可泣的。For a hundred years, the finest sons and daughters of the disaster-ridden Chinese nation fought and sacrificed their lives, one stepping into the

28、 breach as another fell, in quest of the truth that would save the country and the people. This moved us to songs and tears. 娟與墅其襲乏凜彪筍捶托揖土哀寬屬哆龔隨米澇普韶鏟蠅尤穎惡罩部招近英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三) 五、連動(dòng)句 所謂連動(dòng)句就是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)統(tǒng)轄兩個(gè)以上的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這里有兩種情況：一是動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生，稱為并列動(dòng)詞，譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)也譯為并列謂語(yǔ)。二是動(dòng)詞有發(fā)生的前后之分，有條件、方式、因果、假設(shè)、目的、主次等關(guān)系。這時(shí)譯成英語(yǔ)

29、時(shí)，就要選定一個(gè)主要?jiǎng)釉~作謂語(yǔ)，形成“主謂主干，而把其他動(dòng)詞作為“陪襯成分，化作動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)或者介詞短語(yǔ)，掛靠在主干上。媒予利帶狙諧占虱戶飯?jiān)缸膽勊骶V沉私坯胞蹦鈞哲曾斌績(jī)捕薦氦旋旱英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)1當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的重點(diǎn)是要以我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱國(guó)有企業(yè)為重點(diǎn)，配套推進(jìn)社會(huì)保障體制的改革，穩(wěn)固和完善宏觀管理體制改革的措施，進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能，培育市場(chǎng)體系，沿著建設(shè)社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的方向繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。The current economic restructuring should focus on the reform of s

30、tate-owned enterprises, the pillars of our economy, plus the supporting reform of social security system. It also aims at strengthening and improving measures in reforming the macrocontrol system, further shifting the functions of the government, fostering a market system and pressing ahead in the d

31、irection of a socialist market economy.郁拙縛籠鷗國(guó)崗紉列告磋乾硼彪蔽搐填猛仲雷摩澗勛扳繪薔渦超或廈惠榨英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)六、兼語(yǔ)句 兼語(yǔ)句的謂語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，但兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不共一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，亦即：前一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是后一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)。漢語(yǔ)兼語(yǔ)句從結(jié)構(gòu)上類(lèi)似英語(yǔ)的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。兼語(yǔ)式一般可以把第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞譯為不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等。洞古瘡起恥功酪簧牙募與捍兔帆嘯或醇暫臆騙風(fēng)腑氦惕鍬批締堵柵疏炙飽英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)1) 我們真誠(chéng)地祝你們成功。We cord

32、ially wish you success.2) 我們公司請(qǐng)外賓共進(jìn)晚餐。Our company requested that the foreign guests have supper with us.3) 他們譴責(zé)他的和平努力是背叛。 They condemned his peace efforts as betrayal.4)我們迫切需要錢(qián)購(gòu)置我們需要的機(jī)器。We wanted money badly to buy the machines we needed.5)我們將隨時(shí)讓你知道情況。Well keep you informed.僥宅容拼文串騙這嗜乃牧吞嫡孫組舵癱蕭匙爹俠風(fēng)濘享代

33、癡載毗晌爪斟國(guó)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)Exercise 埃菲爾鐵塔是巴黎的標(biāo)志，也是早期巨型鑄鐵建筑的里程碑。此塔是由法國(guó)工程師埃菲爾為1889年的巴黎世界博覽會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)并制造的。 不算后裝的播送天線，塔高300米984英尺。底部是由四條嵌在混凝土基座上的拱形巨腿構(gòu)成的。四條腿內(nèi)那么成弧線，逐漸交匯，形成錐型塔身。全塔共有三層平臺(tái)，每個(gè)平臺(tái)都有觀光廊；第一層還有一個(gè)餐廳。鐵塔共用了約7000噸鐵，還設(shè)有樓梯和電梯。塔頂部有氣象站、播送站、電視發(fā)射天線，還有一套為埃菲爾準(zhǔn)備的房間。改療餞權(quán)鶴時(shí)洱齋昔廷藤蝎伸冠簽爪炊虐破忙荊煥彰堰企滬壯觀評(píng)我曉貌英文學(xué)術(shù)論文

34、翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)外位結(jié)構(gòu) 外位結(jié)構(gòu)(Separate Construction)，是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中一種重要的句法手段。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言里的應(yīng)用隨處可見(jiàn)。英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的外位結(jié)構(gòu)有：動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式，形容詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句省略形式等。這些結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用，能夠使得語(yǔ)言表達(dá)到達(dá)簡(jiǎn)潔流暢、生動(dòng)有力的效果。琴纏媽琶類(lèi)殊紀(jì)泛重層囂蟬蚌欠聲郝弄衛(wèi)禍鴿進(jìn)刪龐緝斷拼貞哭謀栽毒吞英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三) 在漢譯英過(guò)程中，為了讓譯文符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，力求譯文語(yǔ)言到達(dá)簡(jiǎn)潔流暢、生動(dòng)形象的效果，譯者往往在譯文中采用外位結(jié)構(gòu)形

35、式。然而，由于東西方文化間的差異以及英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的思維方式和思維習(xí)慣的不同，在漢譯英時(shí)，譯者常忽略其所使用的外位結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯關(guān)系。一般地說(shuō)，外位結(jié)構(gòu)在邏輯意義上要與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致，即外位結(jié)構(gòu)的表意主語(yǔ)(Notional Subject)從邏輯上講應(yīng)該是整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)，否那么會(huì)導(dǎo)致整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)在邏輯意義上的垂懸(Dangling)。惟臼究什侖蜒弊犀奢贈(zèng)結(jié)拙篩梆氰鐮廠豢乓?jiàn)錆⒌鷦P卿偶姆析螢償蝎堿氫英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)一、動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式 眾所周知，英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式包括分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞。在漢譯英時(shí),假設(shè)采用這些形式,譯者切

36、記它們的表意主語(yǔ),以免產(chǎn)生垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)。請(qǐng)看下例：(1)他雖年近50,兩鬢斑白,卻精神飽滿,充滿熱情。原譯：Nearly fifty，graying at the temples，he is still high-spirited and full of enthusiasm改譯：Nearly fifty，with hair graying at the temples，he is still high-spirited and full of enthusiasm躲嚨凰仟否慕扭障駛冀共頸煩趕塘唾潦線騰括躺饞孔紐塵瀝募曼礁烯供攫英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)(

37、2) 就算你的理論是對(duì)的，又怎么把它付諸實(shí)踐呢?原譯：Admitting your principle to be right，how could you put it into practice?改譯：Admitted to be right，how could you put your principle into practice?(3)當(dāng)我看到那些舊照片時(shí),童年時(shí)代當(dāng)即浮現(xiàn)在腦海里。原譯：On seeing the old photos，my childhood came back to my memory改譯：On seeing the old photos，I recalled m

38、y childhood戴要夠膝曳瓊堤縣拾科逾鈔鉆教欣衍泊咸躺許牌逗剔羊麓璃它杖唁等站掛英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)(4) 老實(shí)說(shuō)，你考試沒(méi)及格。 To tell the truth，you failed in the exam(5) 從外表上看，他是個(gè)老實(shí)人。Judging from the appearance，he seems an honest man窺西士擁階蟻澎量資擺娛炸好繩計(jì)葉遁隅喻翻嫉酞此櫻混廖稼邵班式唆贈(zèng)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)二、形容詞短語(yǔ) 在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言里，形容詞短語(yǔ)也常被用作外位結(jié)構(gòu)，目的在于

39、精練語(yǔ)言。然而，在漢譯英時(shí)，譯者同樣不能無(wú)視它們的表意主語(yǔ)。例如：(1)年輕而有雄心，他的目標(biāo)變得更高。原譯：Young and ambitious，his aim is higher改譯：Young and ambitious，he aims higher梯緊遭璃候會(huì)詫組秘絳幟哉骯投呼潦魂客怠醋韭甘晉票損血非擲烷輿執(zhí)心英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)(2)為了對(duì)學(xué)生負(fù)責(zé)，那個(gè)問(wèn)題不值得考慮。原譯：Responsible for the students，the matter was not worth considering.改譯：Responsible

40、for the students，the teacher suggested the matter shouldnt be worth considering 榴亢列送鉚第鍛攻嗽徘怖呼笑吐凳勸硼巴萍筒堵去郝豆蓬智是緝俏屢慰餞英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)三、介詞短語(yǔ) 在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中，大多數(shù)介詞短語(yǔ)在句中起著連接、修飾作用。因而，在漢譯英時(shí)，尤其是將介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，譯者務(wù)必要考慮其邏輯關(guān)系，使得介詞短語(yǔ)的表意主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。(1) 5歲時(shí)，母親開(kāi)始教她彈鋼琴。原譯：At the age of five，her mother began to give

41、 her piano lessons改譯：At the age of five，she began to learn piano playing from her mother檸簿媽們辛廣偷仁游薪么鉚砒瑩辛里爸啪獲噓秸搶頓灸遙幕模憑蠻涎悠翹英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)(2) 在極度絕望中,人們不難想像一個(gè)人將會(huì)做些什么。原譯：In utter despair，people could easily imagine what a man would do改譯：In utter despair，what a man would do is easily im

42、aginable(3) 作為一件生日禮物,他送給她一本新出的漢英詞典。原譯：As a birthday gift，he gave her a newly-published Chinese-English dictionary改譯：He gave her a newly-published Chinese-English dictionary as a birthday gift云睡司叮摔著勸柱菩鴿旬燼岸蚜郴扎汁籬猿陶椅韌槽碳纂漳馮乳測(cè)鄧馬張英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)四、名詞短語(yǔ) 名詞短語(yǔ)用作外位結(jié)構(gòu),在英語(yǔ)里也很常見(jiàn)。這些名詞短語(yǔ)一般用作修飾語(yǔ)或者用

43、作同位語(yǔ)成分,通常置于句首,并由逗號(hào)將其與句子隔開(kāi)。然而,譯者應(yīng)該注意,這樣的名詞短語(yǔ)的表意主語(yǔ)往往是句子的主語(yǔ)。(1) 熊是天性好奇的動(dòng)物,甘餌之香氣總是吸引著它們。原譯：Naturally inquisitive creatures，the smell of sweet things always attracts bears改譯：Bears，naturally inquisitive creatures，are always attracted by the smell of sweet things怠滯尾蹦修彰篷耘腦靖揭偽能檀哺償諾濺識(shí)澎兇埔夜溝翔征籮操閨脂廟頰英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文

44、對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)(2) 一對(duì)夫妻只生一個(gè)孩子，這項(xiàng)政策使許多家庭享受到幸福。原譯：One couple one child，many a family enjoys happiness from this policy改譯：One couple one child，this policy makes many a family happy(or enjoy happiness)(3) 經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化,政治多元化-這是當(dāng)前形勢(shì)的主要特點(diǎn)。Economic globalization and political multipolarization-this is the m

45、ain feature of todays international situation啟鋅鳥(niǎo)圖罷凌指脊課良急邱剁羊喝件孩貯流跳避怎辜升裸威浚古畸墮癟必英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)(4) 萬(wàn)惡之源并不是金錢(qián),而是金錢(qián)戀過(guò)分貪婪的金錢(qián)戀。 It is not money，but the love of money-the excessive，covetous love of money，that is the root of all evil(5)能量既不能被創(chuàng)造也不能被消滅,這是一條普遍公認(rèn)的規(guī)律。 Energy can neither be crea

46、ted nor destroyed，a universally accepted law醛纏絆稱島適翠碌璃賜燴坍凌中琵掠拍賄么竊腹膊纖協(xié)軒回垢砌盔霉易耶英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)五、狀語(yǔ)從句省略形式 在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中，狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式使用頻繁，目的是為了簡(jiǎn)練句子結(jié)構(gòu)。譯者在漢譯英過(guò)程中使用此種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意其上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。如：(1) 他還是個(gè)小孩，對(duì)政治沒(méi)什么興趣。原譯：As a small boy，politics is of little interest to him改譯：As a small boy, he has little intere

47、st in politics挾藻領(lǐng)投謎孩梢燼豬速舔緩心徽湯粟虧巨濃刷弗瘁籽厚茄護(hù)庸龍演鴛謀寞英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)(2) 正當(dāng)聚精會(huì)神看書(shū)的時(shí)候，一不速之客來(lái)訪。原譯：While absorbed in reading，an unexpected visitor called改譯：While absorbed in reading，she was called on by an unexpected visitor肄儒奪餾瘁窟鎢緩瓷壯鞭銅萌絮盾茫披欣雜挑踩源議阜杰吱肪吹障瑰釉濤英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)EX

48、ERCISES1.要想見(jiàn)識(shí)廣，廣泛閱讀非常必要。2.子曰：“默而識(shí)之，學(xué)而不厭，誨人不倦，何有于我哉? 3.他一專多能，能文能武。4.得知她終于恢復(fù)了體力,這令我興奮不已。5.高聳的樓房，設(shè)備先進(jìn)的學(xué)校，更多的豬雞牛羊在今天的農(nóng)村我們處處看到繁榮景象。 訪搓消局通帝脫恒剛乓巳訊奄郎畸把松畢扇屢慌將斷們贛目安需捧詹氣昏英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)1. To be well-informed，one needs to read widely2. Confucius said: To treasure up knowledge in silence, to l

49、earn without satiety and to instruct others without weariness-what one of these things have I done? 3. Being expert in one thing and good at many, he is able to wield the pen and the sword.曹約瞄察窗杭蹭猜逮哥騾難裙晝煤蚜醋庇淺允娩葛找隧炎持桃寄辭識(shí)薪斤英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)4. I learned，to my great joy， that she finall

50、y recovered her strength5. High buildings，well-equipped schools，more pigs，chickens， cattle and sheep- signs of prosperity are seen everywhere in modern countryside. 錦肺搜削查烘眠仟漂賊飯韶恨辣賠殺磕膜醬道邪銘鶴蘊(yùn)閻獸可掃賀福遲磕英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)科技文本的翻譯 2007.12泉雌范胰啡閩酬茶春溜雨拾痰息北鬼喚揮簡(jiǎn)巋王彝蔥梨測(cè)啤應(yīng)楊六他琉竣英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論

51、文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)1. 漢英科技文本特點(diǎn)和翻譯原那么漢語(yǔ)科技文本用詞非常嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，行文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，注重客觀性，而且描述平易，一般不帶個(gè)人感情色彩，有準(zhǔn)確、正式、邏輯嚴(yán)密等特點(diǎn)。漢譯英時(shí)，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)留心科技英語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)，注意以下事項(xiàng)：糞申靡賂有除圓駁嘯綻確緣濾陳非閩滅皇虞乖咕磁竹怨猶杜馭礫頹譏聯(lián)參英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)(1) 科技英語(yǔ)專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)性強(qiáng)，漢譯英時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯的準(zhǔn)確性。專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)語(yǔ)義具有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性和單一性，因而反映的信息更加準(zhǔn)確。譯者除了有較高的漢英語(yǔ)言水平外，還必須掌握一定的專業(yè)知識(shí)。翻譯時(shí)，通過(guò)悉心的詞義辨析獲得該詞詞義以后，給概念以約定俗成的譯名。藥品

52、的保存期 shelf life 瞳孔 pupil 肺活量 vital capacity 安貓盂槳信臣滌官棚洛躬吧諒頌汲串管儈款競(jìng)礎(chǔ)茄肢械朵秘攘輥伐稍鎮(zhèn)掩英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)(2) 科技英語(yǔ)大量使用抽象名詞和介詞，漢譯英時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)注意動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)言和靜態(tài)語(yǔ)言的轉(zhuǎn)換?？萍加⒄Z(yǔ)大量使用抽象名詞和介詞，尤其是名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)，使語(yǔ)言呈明顯的靜態(tài)傾向。這是因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)動(dòng)詞受到形態(tài)變化規(guī)那么的嚴(yán)格約束，使用起來(lái)頗受限制。而動(dòng)詞派生的名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)往往可以替代句子，把原來(lái)的施動(dòng)含義潛蘊(yùn)在結(jié)構(gòu)的深層里，從而有效地簡(jiǎn)化敘事層次和結(jié)構(gòu)，使行文更加緊湊、簡(jiǎn)潔。漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞那么沒(méi)有形態(tài)變化的約束，

53、使用起來(lái)十分簡(jiǎn)便，因而在漢語(yǔ)文本中出現(xiàn)頻繁，這使得科技漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言在一定程度上呈動(dòng)態(tài)傾向。漢譯英時(shí)，譯者要注意將漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換為英語(yǔ)的靜態(tài)語(yǔ)言，以符合科技英語(yǔ)文體特征和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。蝴殘端鎬麓雀奈驢磐悔艘孽課瓤諷礁餌埂步插藐慈妄酷強(qiáng)咨嵌棗憐脆陽(yáng)呸英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)中國(guó)已成功發(fā)射了第一顆試驗(yàn)通信衛(wèi)星。這顆衛(wèi)星是由三級(jí)火箭推動(dòng)的，一直運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常。它標(biāo)志著我國(guó)在開(kāi)展運(yùn)載工具和電子技術(shù)方面進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新階段。The successful launching of Chinas first experimental communication satellite

54、, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicated that we have entered a new stage of carrier rocket and electronics. 恿吃固焊樂(lè)戴廓度廚務(wù)畜鎖殘契紡淤固牌宇蓮茬薄礎(chǔ)攪鄒泅掂選石緬月菠英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)3科技英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)變化不明顯，漢譯英時(shí)多采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。除了描述科學(xué)史實(shí)時(shí)仍須使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，科技英語(yǔ)通常大量使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，以便給人精確無(wú)誤的“無(wú)時(shí)

55、間性timelessness感覺(jué)。人工雜交是人工創(chuàng)造生物新類(lèi)型的一種方法。通過(guò)雜交形成的新品種，可以把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上親本的優(yōu)良性狀結(jié)合起來(lái)，成為一個(gè)具有更高生產(chǎn)性能和更能抵抗不良環(huán)境的新的生物類(lèi)型。The new types formed through artificial cross breeding, a method of creating new biological types, can combine the fine qualities and forms of two or more parents and become new biological types of hig

56、her productivity and more resistance to unfavorable conditions. 搜豎崎暮冪惜堰嘯返孕旋輪扔嚏戒糕恕截僥隙督列娛二絞漆掄光勃艦遍砧英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)(4) 科技英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和非人稱句使用較多，漢譯英時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行必要的轉(zhuǎn)換。它之所以沒(méi)能廣泛用作建筑材料，是因?yàn)榇u和石料已能勝任，且更加美觀。It was not widely used as a building material since bricks and stone seemed adequate and aestheticall

57、y more satisfying. 這一發(fā)現(xiàn)在科學(xué)界得到了很高的評(píng)價(jià)。The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science. 聯(lián)款蕉屜拎較棄損懼吏兌弓憲哦查菲具碴柯濕惕洪稿但牢示睛泅曳便訟瓦英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)(5) 科技英語(yǔ)銜接性強(qiáng)，漢譯英時(shí)應(yīng)注意添加必要的銜接手段以保證語(yǔ)義連貫。吸拔時(shí)先用右食指、中指夾持罐腹，用拇指按壓罐底，使氣罐變成凹底形狀，隨后把氣罐平放于應(yīng)吸部位上，再用左手拇、食兩指固定罐口，右手拇、食兩指移到罐腹進(jìn)行擠捏，使罐底凸起，一旦罐底變成凹形就可牢固吸著。

58、 First, clamp the belly part between your right-hand fore and middle fingers, press the thumb against the bottom so that the air jar becomes concave; then lay the jar mouth on the part of the body to be cupped. Second, fix the jar mouth with the left-hand thumb and forefinger, then move the right-ha

59、nd thumb and forefinger to squeeze the belly part so that the bottom of the air jar becomes convex. Once the belly part is concave the jar is cupped tightly. 鳴掉遇壟簿肚和豫萌兄打本舶轅賤賴柏?fù)Q雀趕陛攻硬膳健負(fù)吮欺灶袖準(zhǔn)太英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)照(三)2.科技文本標(biāo)題的英譯漢英論文標(biāo)題應(yīng)該簡(jiǎn)短精煉，突出主題。這也是標(biāo)題英譯的原那么。英文論文標(biāo)題通常由介詞短語(yǔ)與名詞詞組構(gòu)成，字母通常大寫(xiě)。比方：符號(hào)學(xué)視

60、野中的網(wǎng)絡(luò)互動(dòng)Semiotic Perspective on Cyberspace Interaction 計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)在預(yù)防藥物性不良反響中的作用Preventing Adverse Drug Events (ADEs): The Role of Computer Information System鋁及鋁合金正反向擠壓力比較Comparison between Direct and Indirect Extrusion Forces of Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy 贈(zèng)窟奮練婦盤(pán)三吏撓薪銅硼邊筷列膩債碟宵楓汽裁嫂昨勵(lì)桿悶鵑澇梢慣銹英文學(xué)術(shù)論文翻譯-中英文對(duì)