英語九大詞性歸納

1、英語九大詞性歸納九大詞性1. noun(n.) 名詞：to describe a person or thing英語中的名詞根據(jù)是否可數(shù)又分為可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞。(1)可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞規(guī)則變化：規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法例詞卜般情況加-s如：pens、 girls以 s, x, ch, sh ”結(jié)尾加-es如：bus-buses、box-boxesWatch-watchesdish-dishes以車武音字母+y結(jié)尾變y改i再加es如：baby-babies、family-families以元音字母+y結(jié)尾加-s如：boy-boys、day-days以車武音字母+o結(jié)尾加-es如：potatoes、toma

2、toes以元音字母+o結(jié)尾加-s如：photos以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f或fe為v再加es如：half-halves 、 wife-wivesthief-thieves可數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則變化A、單復(fù)數(shù)同形： deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheepB、詞尾發(fā)生變化：ox-oxen child-childrenC、 內(nèi)部單詞發(fā)生變化：foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese woman-women man-men mouse-mice policeman-policemenD、表示某國人時，中日不變，英法變，其他國家加s：（1）Chinese-Chines

3、eJapanese-Japanese（2）Frenchman- Frenchmen Englishman- Englishmen（3）German-GermansRussian-RussiansAmericans特殊情況i .另一些名詞本身即是復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可用作單數(shù)。如：people , police , trousers , pants , clothes , scissorsii .有些名詞以s結(jié)尾，但不是復(fù)數(shù)形式，如： news , maths , physics , politicsiii .有些名詞既是可數(shù)名詞又是不可數(shù)名詞，如：room（空間）一a room（房間）work（工作）

4、一works（著作）,I,不可數(shù)名詞：（前面不能用a,an等來修飾）到目前為止我們所學(xué)的不可數(shù)名詞有：|A 液體類:water : juice,tea , soup ,milk,cola,coffeeB 肉類：meat , beef, pork, muttonC粉末類：breadD 抽象名詞類 news,information,money,advice,friendship,work,homework, housework schoolwork ,help ,fun,health,priceE 食物類:food, broccoli, rice, porridge, junk food ,tof

5、u不可數(shù)名詞計量的表達：A個數(shù)單位詞：piece （張、片、塊、條），如：a piece of newsB 容器單位詞：bottle （瓶），bag （包），box （盒、箱）如：a bottle of milkC類別單位詞：kind（種、類）D度量衡單位詞：kilo（千克、公斤）翻譯下面的詞組：2.四塊面包：4.八只鹿:6.三個男孩：1.兩杯咖啡：3.七袋大米：5. 一滴水：（3）名詞所有格（翻譯為:構(gòu)成方法例句一般在有生命名詞后加'構(gòu)成1Linda s desk若以s結(jié)尾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則在s后力口's,若不1the boys 'friends是以s結(jié)尾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則加s|

6、1the children s day表示幾個人共同的東西，只在最后一個人后_ 加sLucy and Lily s mother表示幾個人都分別有的東西，則每個人都 _加sLucy s and Lily s book表示時間、跑離的名詞可以加 s或構(gòu)成所 有格形式1Today s newspaper Fifteen minutes ' walk表示某人的家、店鋪、診所時，常省略所有 格后面的名詞at my uncle s=at my uncle s home表示無生命事物的所有關(guān)系：一般用.of.結(jié)構(gòu)來表示無生命的名詞所有格:a map of China 中國地圖 the name o

7、f the film 書的封面the cover of the book電影的名字I用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. . The two girls are ( Japan )2. The ( baby ) are asleep3. Do you know the two ( man teacher ) ?當(dāng)一個名詞作定語說明另一個名詞時，這個名詞一般用單數(shù)。,a twin sistereg.an apple tree , five apple trees , a girl friend , two girl friends 但是，當(dāng)man和woman存定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，就要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。

8、eg.two men teachers , three women doctors4. The ( child ) are washing their ( foot ).5. There are two ( people ) and lots of ( sheep ) in the fields .6. September 10 is ( teacher ) Day .7. I think physics ( be )more interesting than maths8. Don ' t you think the ( radio ) are too noisy ?9. Whose

9、 ( knife )are these ?10. “ Whose house is this ?”“ It ' s the ( Smith )2. verb（v.）動詞eg. do, make, go, take, bring英語中動詞根據(jù)其后是否可以加賓語又分為：Vt.（及物動詞） eg. speak, give, singVi.（不及物動詞）eg. run, work英語中動詞有5中形態(tài)：原形，第三人稱單數(shù)形式，過去式，過去分詞（用于完成時或被動 語態(tài)中），現(xiàn)在分詞do does did donedoingwork works workedworkedworkingI動詞第三人稱單

10、數(shù)形式變化（三單變化）規(guī)則變化動詞原形三單變化直接+shelp/makehelps/makes以字母s/x/ch/sh為 結(jié)尾+esguess/wash/watchguesses/washes/watches以“車南音字母+y” 為結(jié)尾，變y為i+esstudy/carry/flystudies/carries/flies以o為結(jié)尾的部分單詞+esdo/godoes/goes特殊變化havehasII.動詞過去式和過去分詞變化（1）規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化動詞原形過去式和過去分詞直接+edwork/call/wantworked/called/wanted以“輔音字母+y”為結(jié)尾， 變y為i+edst

11、udy/try/carrystudied/tried /carried重讀閉音節(jié)元音+車南音結(jié)尾+edstop/planstopped/planned以字母e為結(jié)尾+dlive/hopelived/hoped（2）不規(guī)則變化需要單獨記憶III動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式變化規(guī)則變化動詞原形現(xiàn)在分詞直接+inghelp/workhelping/working以e為結(jié)尾，去e加ingmake/movemaking/moving重讀閉音節(jié)元音+車南音結(jié)尾+ingget/begingetting/beginning以ie為結(jié)尾，變ie為y+inglie/die/tielying/dying/tying時態(tài)（找時

12、間標(biāo)志詞）：一般現(xiàn)在時：play / plays結(jié)構(gòu)：am / is / are判斷：sometimes, often, usually, always, every, 在if / as soon as 等復(fù)合句中，主將從現(xiàn)1. If_you hard, you will pass the exam.A. studiesB. studyC. will studyD. is studying現(xiàn)在進行時：結(jié)構(gòu)： am / is /are playing判斷： Look, Listen, now, Where s sb ?典型例題：1. -Where ' s mom? I want to g

13、o shopping with her.-She in the bedroom.A. readsB. readC. is readingD. has read一般過去時：結(jié)構(gòu)： was / wereplayed判斷： yesterday, last ，- ago 及語境.典型例題：1. -You look tired. What did you do yesterday?-I till night.A. worksB. worked一般將來時：結(jié)構(gòu)：will play判斷： tomorrow, next 及語境，在if/as soon as 等主從復(fù)合句中，主將從現(xiàn).典型例題：1. She m

14、e as soon as she gets there. _A. callsB. call C. calledD. will call過去進行時：結(jié)構(gòu)： was /were playing判斷： at that time, at this time ,yesterday , by+ 過去時間,by the end of+ 過去時間 常用于帶有 when/ while的主從復(fù)合句中典型例題：1. Mom in the kitchen when I got home.A. cooksB. cookC. was cookingD. cooked2. I my homework at this tim

15、e yesterday .A. didB. do C. will do D. was doing現(xiàn)在完成時（動作從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）：結(jié)構(gòu)：has / have played判斷： just, already, yet, ever, never, so far (至 U 目前為止)次數(shù)(once,twice)since+ 時間點,for + 時間段,how long 典型例題：1. He in the factory for two years.A. worksB. workedC. is workingD. has worked被動語態(tài)，(主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系)：主語+be(am/is/wa

16、s/were/will be)+done如： The hole should (dig) deep enough. The students (tell) to clean the classroom.情態(tài)動詞(can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) 敢，need等,另外,have to、had better也當(dāng)作情態(tài)動詞使用)后加動詞原形ATom(come) from America. Now he (teach)English in a middle school in Beiji

17、ng. In his free time, he would like(go) in for a traditional sportso that he can (learn) moreabout Chinese.BNow, people use satellitesto do many things. So far,man (invent) four kinds of satellites. One of them (use) to study the weather.(2)AHenry, a 14-year-old boy, used(be )too fat to play sports.

18、 Hewent to the doctor and (tell) to have a balanced diet. So he tried(not eat) too muchmeat or sugar because they might makehim get heavier.Nowhe isn ' t fat at all. He does sports every day and (become) a member of the school soccer team. Next week Henry will take part in the school sports meet

19、.My mother is very kind and easygoing, she helps me a lot.already. I believeI (take) good care of in mydaily life by her. Whenl ' min trouble, she always encourages me to face my difficulties. With her help,(become) a top student in my classshe (be) proud of me in the near future.3. adjective(ad

20、j.)形谷詞ieg. good, beautiful, nice, happy, long英語中形容詞有兩種形式：比較級和最高級eg. good- better- best nice- nicer- nicest1.比較級、最高級的構(gòu)成一般在詞尾加er或estgreat-greatergreatest以e結(jié)尾的只加r或stnicenicer-nicest以車有音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先變y為i,再加e 或esheavyheavierheaviesteasyeasiereasiestbusybusierbusiestfunnyfunnierfunniestearlyearlierfearliest以重

21、讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，先雙寫最末的一個big bigger biggest,輔首,子母，再加 er或estthinthinnerthinnest,fatfatter一 fattest fit fitter一 fittest音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞，前加 more為比較級，careful 一 more carefulmost careful加（the）most為最高級usefulmore usefulmost usefulpopular fmore popular fmost popular不規(guī)則變化的詞good /well fbetter fbest bad / ill /badly fworsefwo

22、rst many /muclr mom most little Tess -leastold-older /elder -oldest(指年齡大小) /eldest(指長幼順序)far -farther / further -farthest(指距離) /furthest(指程度)2.形容詞和副詞比較級、最高級的用法（形容詞最高級前面要加定冠詞the）形容詞和副詞比較級的用法用于兩者比較，表示 比更"（than前加比較級）：eg.I am two years older than my little sister.用于兩者之間的同級比較，表示 “和一樣”（as+原級+as）：eg.B

23、ill is as funny as his father.表示甲在某方面不如乙：“A+K動詞 +not +as /so+ 形容 i 司原級 +as 十 B' （as/so+ 原級+as） eg.These books aren ' t as interesting as those.表示某個范圍內(nèi)的三者相比：“the+1高級+of短語(比較范圍)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”eg.Penny is the tallest of these girls. .Penny 是這些女孩中最高的一個。表示 忌來越"：比較級+and+比較級”eg.In spring the days are g

24、etting longer and longer.在春天，白天變得越來越長。表示 越越” ："the+比較級the+比較級”eg.The mort : you practice using English , the better you ' ll learn 讓你英語練得越 多，就會學(xué)得越好。在比較級中，為了避免重復(fù)，可用 that或those代替前面提到過的事情。The pants in this shop are a lot better than those(二the pants) in that shop.這家商店的褲子比那家商店的褲子質(zhì)量好得多。4. adverb

25、(adv.) 副詞_L 一 一eg. fast, quickly, badly, well, happily及頻率副詞： much , (a)little , a bit , very , so , too英語中副詞也與兩種形式：比較級和最高級 eg. fast-faster-fatest副詞可修飾動詞與形容詞，分別放在動詞之后，形容詞前。Eg:She speaks English well.He has a very nice watch.(1)About 20 minutes later, Lizzie managed to (success) pull herself(2) The ri

26、ver was so polluted that it (actual) caught fire and burned.(3)If so, you can (simple) do some online shopping.(4)They were (extreme) close!5. pronoun(pron.) 代詞Ieg. this, that, it, she, he, I, you, they英語中代詞有：人稱代詞，指示代詞人稱代詞又有主格和賓格，形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞I是主格作主語，一般位于句首。my是形容詞性物主代詞，用于名詞前作定語：我的，如： my bookme的賓格

27、形式，位于動詞后作賓語，如 ：Do you understand me?你懂我嗎?mine是名詞性物主代詞，相當(dāng)于 my+名詞的意義如：It is mine=it is my book.Mine is missing=my pen is missing.主格DyouhesheItweyouthey賓格meyouhimherlitusyouthem形容詞性 物主代詞myyourhisheritsourYourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineYourshishersitsoursyoursTheirs帶有反身代詞的常用短語teach oneself 自學(xué)help oneself to隨便吃些吧le

28、arnby oneself自學(xué) enjoy oneself 過得愉快不定代詞(1) each"每個/各個”強調(diào)個體)(2) every"每個/各個”強調(diào)全體)(3) both表示兩者 都”(強調(diào)全體)(4) all全體/大家/一切”用于三者以上(5) either兩者之一”，用于兩者(強調(diào)個體)(either of )(6) neither兩個都不”，用于否定兩者。(neither of )(7) none “沒有一個人/物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可數(shù)名詞(none of+可數(shù)名 詞)(8) one用來代替前面剛提到的一個東西或一個人，以免重復(fù)；復(fù)數(shù)ones用來代替前面提

29、到的一些物或一些人(9) few(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)，little(+不可數(shù)名詞)表示 沒多/很少”表否定)。a few(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)，a little(+不可數(shù)名詞)表示有一些/有幾個”表肯 定)。(10) 1.0 onethe other表示兩個人或兩件東西中的”個另一個”1. 0 OO>O one anotherTK不定數(shù)目中的憶個”與另一個”。3. O one the other強調(diào)在一定范圍中的"個"與其余的4. OOO>< somethe others 表 °部分”與 其余的全部”。疑問代詞(1) who /whom 誰(指人).(2) w

30、hose誰的(作定語)(3) which哪一個，哪一些(指人或物)(4) what什么(指物)6. preposition(prep.) 介詞eg. in, on, by, at, under, behind, from, to, for, with, 介詞為英語中的小詞，但它們的作用可大著呢！7. numeral(num.)數(shù)詞eg. one, two, three, first, sencond, third數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩類注意下列變化：(1)不規(guī)則變化one first , twofsecond , three 一 third , five ffifth, eight feig

31、hth , ninefninth , twelve-twelfih(2)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù)，變y為ie再加thtwenty ftwentieth , forty 一fortieth , ninety fninetieth8. conjunction(conj.) 連詞eg. and, but, because, so, after, before , then,連詞連接兩個句子，并能表示兩個句子之間的關(guān)系I從屬連詞（用來引導(dǎo)從句）until , till , s nce ,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句：after , before , when , while , as,as soon as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從

32、句：because , as, since引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句：so that , in order that 為了引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句：so that , so- that , suchthat 以至于一9. article（art.）冠詞（選擇時可選擇代入翻譯）英語中冠詞共3個，分為兩類：不定冠詞a an、定冠詞the如：23. Look at horse over there .A. aB. anC. theD. /25 . There is old woman in the car .A. /B. theC. aD. an不定冠詞：a an J個"文章第一次提到的人或事物表示 每一（個）"，相當(dāng)于 every。（twice a week尸twice every week）定冠詞：the那個文章第二次提到的人或事物用在形容最高級和部分比較級前。the taller用在序數(shù)詞前。the second day of a week用在世界上獨一無二的事物前（如太陽、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等）。the earth在某些形容詞前，表示 一類人或物。the r