英語口譯技巧之數(shù)字譯法

1、口譯技巧之數(shù)字口譯口譯技巧之數(shù)字口譯MinaOutline導入練習數(shù)字口譯概述分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯模糊數(shù)字的口譯特殊倍數(shù)的口譯趨勢數(shù)字的口譯實戰(zhàn)訓練Reading and interpreting numbers properlynRead the following numbers in Englishn123n一萬n100000000n87654321nInterpreting numbersn1 億？n 100 mn, 0.1 bnn150 billion?n 15億?nE.g. This amount would be enough to service its $ 10 billions

2、 debt. nAmE or BrE?n十億 n一百億n一千億n一萬億（avoid using 兆）nInterpreting Chinese ordinal numbers nChallenges : cultural differences cognitive loadsnE.g.1 這是您第幾次訪問中國？nE.g.2 你們隊得了第幾名？nE.g.2 令公子排行第幾？In Chinese we often hear or talk about ordinal numbers. If we interpret in English, we have to change the ways of

3、 asking/inquiry.n這是您第幾次來中國？Is this your first visit to China? This isnt your first visit to China, is it?How many times have you been in China?n你們隊得了第幾名？Did your team win the championship?Did you get/win the first place in the competition?n這孩子是（你的）老幾呀？Is this your oldest/youngest child/son/daughter?

4、數(shù)字口譯數(shù)字口譯n數(shù)字翻譯是口譯中的一大難關(guān)，數(shù)字之所以難譯，其中一個主要原因在于英語和漢語對于四位數(shù)以上的數(shù)字的表達，有不同的段位概念和分段方法。英語數(shù)字以每三位數(shù)為一段位，而漢語則以每四位數(shù)為一段位。 不同的表達方式不同的表達方式英語英語分節(jié)號：分節(jié)號：thousand, million, thousand, million, billion billion（十億）（十億）漢語漢語檔位：個、十、百、千、檔位：個、十、百、千、 萬、億萬、億1, 0 0 0, 0 0 0, 0 0 0bmth億萬千數(shù)字的翻譯口譯數(shù)字的關(guān)鍵在于記錄口譯數(shù)字的關(guān)鍵在于記錄填空計數(shù)填空計數(shù)bmth十億億千萬百萬十萬

5、萬千百十個第一段位OneTenHundred第二段位ThousandTen thousandHundred thousand第三段位MillionTen millionHundred million第四段位BillionTen billionHundred billion第五段位Trillion第一段位個 十 百 千 第二段位萬十萬 百萬 千萬第三段位億十億百億千億第四段位兆（萬億）漢語數(shù)字分段法：英語數(shù)字分段法：阿拉伯數(shù)字阿拉伯數(shù)字英語英語漢語漢語1One一10Ten十100One hundred一百1，000One thousand一千10，000Ten thousand一萬 (首位*10

6、) thousand100，000One hundred thousand十萬 (首位*10) thousand1，000，000One million一百萬10，000，000Ten million一千萬 (首位*10) million100，000，000One hundred million一億 (首位*100) million1，000，000，000One billion十億 (首位/10) billion10，000，000，000Ten billion一百億 (首位/10) billion100，000，000，000One hundred billion一千億 (首位/10)

7、billion1，000，000，000，000One trillion一兆（萬億）Common mistakes in interpreting numbers multi-digital numbersn timesn approximate numbersnPronouncing numbersn14% ? 40% ?nTip: 13%-19% common mispronunciationsnHearing numbersnS/SE Asians 14% = 40% ?nU.S. 1000= one thousand? Ten hundred?2. 數(shù)字的翻譯數(shù)字的翻譯n一萬：一萬：1

8、0thousandn十萬：十萬：100thousandn百萬：百萬：millionn千萬：千萬：10millionn億：億：100millionn十億：十億：abillion數(shù)字的翻譯n分節(jié)號的作用分節(jié)號的作用 fivethousand5,thirty-twothousand32,fivemillion5,twentyfivemillion25,onebillion1,n用橫向方式表現(xiàn)為： billion million thousand萬 千 百 十 千 百 十 億，億 萬 萬，萬 萬 千，百 十 個 2， 8 6 3， 5 8 9， 4 0 0漢語讀作： 二十八億六千三百五十八萬九千四百英

9、語讀作：two billion, eight hundred sixty-three million, five hundred eighty-nine thousand and four hundredn實踐是訓練數(shù)字互譯的根本途徑?？谧g教學要集中一段時間專門進行數(shù)字口譯訓練。譯員只有經(jīng)過大量反復(fù)的數(shù)字口譯實踐才能掌握英漢數(shù)字互譯的不同特點和規(guī)律，達到數(shù)字互譯脫口而出，快速、準確的程度。 nRead the following figures in Chinese: 3,8993,9087,00930,00990,59179,301780,120504,781312,6852,345,410

10、1,129,1051,001,45331,289,09810,209,01324,155,876160,890,232101,870,171278,067,9911,898,220,0001,029,991,12490,892,134,783672,009,719,2298,890,234,891,889135,481,901,270nRead the following Chinese figures in English, and write down the figures in Arabic figures:n六萬n五十七萬n四百七十六萬n九百六十一萬n五千九百三十三萬n七百五十億n十

11、一億七千五百萬n三千五百三十八萬五千n九億三千六百七十七萬七千分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯Fractions(cardinalno./ordinalno.)六分之一：六分之一：二分之一：二分之一：四分之一：四分之一：四分之三：四分之三：one-sixtha/onehalfa/onequarterthreequarters 8%eight percentn15%fifteen percentn42%forty-two percentn4.35%four point three five percentn0.5%point five percentn4.032four point naught

12、 three twon71.006seventy-one point naught naught six n1/2one half; a halfn1/3one third n1/4a quartern3/5three-fifthsn7/8seven-eighthsn1/10one-tenthn1/100one-hundredth；one percent n1/1000one-thousandthn14/1000fourteen-thousandthsn1/10000one-ten thousandthn2-1/2two and a halfn4-2/3four and two-thirds分

13、數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯五分之二：五分之二：十分之七：十分之七：千分之三：千分之三：two-fifthsseven-tenthsthree-thousandths分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯Fractions六十分之九十七：六十分之九十七：七十五分之三十四：七十五分之三十四：ninety-sevenoversixty-threethirty-fouroverseventy-five分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯六又七分之四：六又七分之四：六又二分之一：六又二分之一：九又四分之三：九又四分之三：sixandfour-seventhssixandahalfnineandthreequa

14、rters分數(shù)和分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯小數(shù)的口譯0.7:0.546:0.009%:pointseven;zeropointsevenpointfivefoursixzeropointooninepercent分數(shù)和分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯小數(shù)的口譯9.007：87.36%:ninepoint00seven；ninepointzerozeroseveneighty-sevenpointthreesixpercent分數(shù)和分數(shù)和小數(shù)的口譯小數(shù)的口譯0.8萬萬：0.7億：億：0.93億：億：56.08萬：萬：8，000；eightthousand70,000,000;seventymillion93,000,00

15、0;ninety-threemillion560,800;fivehundredandsixtythousandeighthundrednExamplesn1. 中國的勞動力有7億4千萬，而歐美所有發(fā)達國家的勞動力只有4億3千萬。中國每年新增勞動力1000萬，下崗和失業(yè)人口大約1400萬，進城的農(nóng)民工一般保持在1億2000萬。中國面臨巨大的就業(yè)壓力，中國13億人口有9億農(nóng)民，目前沒有擺脫貧困的有3000萬左右，這是按每年人均收入625元的標準計算的。n1. The population of this city in 2004 was 1. The population of this cit

16、y in 2004 was 78,872,890.78,872,890.nThe natural reserve takes up an area of The natural reserve takes up an area of 123,880,000 square kilometers.123,880,000 square kilometers.nThe coastal line of this country is 7,723,605 The coastal line of this country is 7,723,605 meters.meters.nThe number of c

17、ollege graduates will climb to The number of college graduates will climb to a record high of 3,28 million this summer, an a record high of 3,28 million this summer, an increase of 540,000, or 34%, over the year increase of 540,000, or 34%, over the year 2000.2000.nAustralia, with its landmass of 7,

18、686,850 Australia, with its landmass of 7,686,850 square kilometers, or 2,967,893 square miles, square kilometers, or 2,967,893 square miles, has a population of 18,742,000.has a population of 18,742,000.n2. ten years ago, China had 1075 full time institutions of higher learning with 88,100 graduate

19、s and 1,320,000 undergraduates. So far, in tertiary institutions there are 1,700 research institutes of natural science. n3. shanghai generated 144.77billion yuan in total tax, Corporate income tax rose by 16.6 percent to 88.17billion yuan and individual income tax was 13.41 billion yuan, up 41perce

20、nt.n4. Chinas foreign reserves, the worlds second largest after Japan, has increased by 48.4 percent to US$ 383.9 billion from the previous year.n5. Shanghai Volkswagen, Chinas largest automaker, is planning to invest a minimum of US$120million on new product development in each of the next five yea

21、rs with an aim to double it annual sales to 600,000 units. It achieved combined sales of 400,000 units last year, a 32 percent increase from a year earlier. n模糊數(shù)字的口譯模糊數(shù)字的口譯 口譯中經(jīng)常遇到一些模糊數(shù)字，如“幾個”、“十幾個”、“幾十個”、“成百上千個”等等。模糊數(shù)字的口譯雖也有一定的規(guī)律，但主要靠平時熟記，用時才能熟練自如，準確無誤。注意以下模糊數(shù)字的口譯n幾個 n十幾個 n幾十個 n幾十年 n七十好幾了 n好幾百個 n成千

22、上萬 /千千萬萬 n幾十萬 n nsome; a few;/several; a number ofnmore than 10; no more than twentyndozens ofnDecadesnwell over seventynhundreds ofnthousands ofnhundreds of thousands ofNote the following ways of uncertain numberswell over seventyin her/his early twentiesin her/his late thirtiesthousands and thousa

23、nds ofhundreds ofthousands upon thousand ofhundreds of thousands ofmillions ofhundreds of millions ofa decadea score/four score and seven years agoa generationhalf a centurycentennial Century特殊倍數(shù)的表達特殊倍數(shù)的表達n到2020年實現(xiàn)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比2000年翻兩番,達到40,000億美元左右nQuadruple nBy 2020, Chinas GDP will quadruple that of 20

24、00 to approximately USD 4 trillion.n今年的糧食產(chǎn)量比去年增長2成. n20%nThe output of grain this year increased by 20% over the last year. Useful verbs n位居世界第二nIs ranked the second/ n中國經(jīng)濟總量位居世界第六，進出口貿(mào)易額居世界第四。nChinas economy is ranked the 6th in the world and its foreign trade is ranked the 4th. nChina is the world

25、s sixth largest economy and the fourth largest trader. n上漲，增長nTo rise, to increase, to climb, to go up, to jump, to soarnA sharp/considerable/slight increase/ risen下降，減少nTo fall, to drop, to decline, to decrease, to reduce，to go downnA sharp/slight drop/decline nTotal 總計n去年收入總計人民幣150億元，比上年增長20%nThe

26、revenue of last year totaled RMB 15 b yuan, a 20% increase over the previous year.Short expressionsn今年為, 比上年上漲了n, a % increase over the previous/last yearn, up %. n, tons more than last year.n全年產(chǎn)量nThe annual output ofn年均進口增速達到20%nThe import grows at an annual rate of 20%. n國民經(jīng)濟繼續(xù)保持平穩(wěn)較快增長。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值超過30萬

27、億元，比上年增長9%；物價總水平漲幅得到控制；財政收入6.13萬億元，增長19.5%；糧食連續(xù)五年增產(chǎn)，總產(chǎn)量10570億斤，創(chuàng)歷史最高水平。nThe national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth. GDP topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year. Overall price rises were held in check. Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an inc

28、rease of 19.5%. Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons, a record high.n1. the annual added value of industry is RMB 6.2815 trillion yuan, an increase of 11.5% over last year.n2. the annual output of grain is 469,470,000 tons, 38,770,000tons more than last yea

29、r and an increase of 9.1%. n3. the annual total volume of import and export is USD 1.1548 trillion, an increase of 35.7% over last year. n4. the annual volume of contracted foreign capital is USD 153.5 billion, an increase of 33.4%, and actually utilized foreign capital is USD 60.6 billion, an incre

30、ase of 13.3%. n5. the annual number of inbound tourists is 109,040,000, and the income from foreign currency is USD 25.7 billion, an increase of 47.9%. 增增/減倍數(shù)的口譯減倍數(shù)的口譯英漢倍數(shù)的表達有相似之處，也有不同。英漢互譯時要特別注意不同的英語句型和表達方法所表示的倍數(shù)概念與漢語不同。英語用times 表示倍數(shù)。無論在何種句型中都表示乘的關(guān)系，即包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的倍數(shù)。請注意以下表示倍數(shù)的英語句型及其含義：A is N times larger

31、（longer，heavier）than B.A is larger（longer，heavier）than B by N times.A is N times as large（long，heavy）as B.這三句英語的含義都是“A的大小(長度、重量)是B的N倍”，或者“A比B大（長、重）N-1倍”。根據(jù)以上規(guī)律，請看下面英語句子的漢譯：n(1) The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.n地球的大小是月球的49倍。(或地球比月球大48倍)n(2) Since mid-century, the global economy has nearly

32、quintupled, While the population has doubled, demand for grain has nearly tripled, and the burning of fossil fuels has increased nearly fourfold.n自本世紀中葉以來，全球經(jīng)濟增長了將近四倍，人口翻了一番。結(jié)果，糧食的需求增加了近兩倍，石油燃料增加了近三倍。n(3) Within 30 years there will be twice as many urban people as countryside people in the world.n30

33、年內(nèi)，全世界的城市居民將是農(nóng)村人口的兩倍。n(4) Although London covers less than 400,000 acres, it needs nearly 50 million acre-125 times its area-to provide it with food, timber, and other resources, and to absorb its pollution.n雖然倫敦占地不到40萬英畝，卻需要近5000萬英畝的土地125倍于它本身的面積來供給它食品，原木和其他資源，并吸收它產(chǎn)生的污染物。n 漢語倍數(shù)的表示法歸納起來有兩類：n第一類表示是(原

34、數(shù)的)幾倍，幾倍于(原數(shù))或增加到(原數(shù)的)幾倍。n第二類表示(比原數(shù))大幾倍或(比原數(shù))增加了幾倍；這兩類說法含義不同。n第一類表示包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的倍數(shù)，與英語倍數(shù)表示法的含義相同。n第二類表示凈增倍數(shù)。n因此，漢語倍數(shù)的英譯首先要區(qū)分不同含義，選用恰當?shù)木湫?，靈活準確地表達。如果用能N times/表示英語的包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的倍數(shù)，那么漢語的第二類表示“增加了幾倍”的英譯就要用 (N+1) times 來表示。例如：n去年這個公司手機的銷量增長了近一倍（為原來的兩倍）。nThe sales volume of portable phones of this company increased n

35、early twice last year.nThe sales volume of portable phones of this company nearly doubled last year.n漢語增加倍數(shù)的說法很多，英譯時，首先要仔細區(qū)分是包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的增加倍數(shù)還是凈增倍數(shù)，然后決定用N times 還是（N+1）times 來表達。 (1) 過去20年中，中國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長了近五倍。nIn the past 20 years, Chinas gross domestic product increased nearly six times.n(2) 1978年至1997年，中國

36、人均生產(chǎn)總值增長了3.4倍。nChinas per capita GDP went up by 4.4 times between 1978 and 1997.n(3) 中國城鎮(zhèn)居民人均居住面積由1978年的3.6平方米提高到1997年的8.8平方米，增加1.4倍。nThe per capita living space for urban residents in China expanded from 3.6 square meters in 1978 to 8.8 square meters in 1997, a rise of 2.4 times.n(4) 1949年至1998年, 中

37、國的糧食總產(chǎn)量由1.1億噸增加到5.1億噸, 增長3.5倍, 年平均增長3.1%, 是人口增長率的2.5倍。nChinas total grain output increased from 110 million tons in 1949 to 510 million tons in 1998, or an increase of over 4.5 times, with an average annual growth rate of 3.1 percent, 2.5 times that of the population growth.n(5) 1997年, 全國高等學校在校生總數(shù)為6

38、08萬人, 其中研究生18萬人, 分別是1979年的2.2倍和9.6倍。nIn 1997，6.08 million students were studying in colleges and universities, including 180,000 postgraduates, 2.2 times and 9.6 times the figures of 1979 respectively.n由于漢語很少用“減少了若干倍”的說法，而多用“減少了百分之幾”或“減少了幾成”的說法，因此，減少多用百分數(shù)和分數(shù)表示。 n(1) 由于水災(zāi)，去年的收成減少了三成。nOwing to flood,

39、the crop last year was declined by 30 percent.n(2) 該公司的員工裁減了近三分之一，開支減少了四分之一。nThe personnel of the company have been reduced nearly by one-third and the expenses by one-fourth.n(3) 1998年，政府機構(gòu)改革目標實現(xiàn)。國務(wù)院下設(shè)部門從40個減少到29個，人員減少了近一半。nIn 1998，the targets of restructuring governmental institutions were met. De

40、partments under the State Council were reduced from 40 to 29 and personnel were cut nearly by half.增增/ /減百分比的口譯減百分比的口譯n“增/減了百分之幾”英語和漢語的含義一致，都表示凈增或凈減百分數(shù)。英漢增/減百分數(shù)的表示法有以下幾種：n1) 增/減了%nincrease/rise/grow%ndecrease/drop/fall/sink %n或者nincrease/rise/grow/go up by %ndecrease/drop/fall/go down by %n(1) Betwe

41、en 1986 and 1987, Nikes sales dropped 18 percent and profits sank by more than 40 percent as a result of competition with Reebok.n與“銳步”鞋業(yè)競爭的結(jié)果，從1986到1987年， 耐克（鞋）的銷售額下降了18%，利潤下降了40%多。n(2) By putting out more than one new shoe style everyday on average, in 1995 and 1996, Nikes sales and profits grew 7

42、1 percent and 80 percent respectively；meanwhile, Nikes closest rival Reebok grew just nine percent in the same period. n靠平均每天推出一個以上新（鞋）款式，1995到1996，耐克的銷售額和利潤分別上漲了71%和80%。而同期最接近耐克的競爭對手銳步只上漲了9%。n(3) Procter & Gamble just raised prices on its paper products by as much as 8%.n(美國) 普羅科特甘布爾公司剛剛把他們的紙制品價格提高

43、了8%。n(4) Spending on non-durables-everything from soap flakes to razors to tennis shoes-rose 30% last year.n去年非耐用品，從皂片、剃須刀到網(wǎng)球鞋的消費上升了30%。n(5) In the fiscal year of 2000, ending on March 30, export slumped 11.3 percent in Taiwan, 10 percent in Thailand, 9.9 percent in South Korea and 2.4 percent in Ho

44、ng Kong. However, the Chinese mainland posted a respectable 7.5 percent rate in the first quarter.n在3月30日剛剛結(jié)束的2000財政年度，臺灣的出口猛跌了11.3%，泰國10%、南韓9.9%、香港2.4%。然而，中國大陸卻公布了第一季度7.5%的可觀增長。n(6) In America, the number of people engaged in farming as their principle of occupation fell to 961,560 in 1997, down 8.

45、7 percent from 1992, while the number between (the age of) 25 to 34 fell 28 percent.n在美國以農(nóng)業(yè)為主要職業(yè)的人數(shù)1997下降到961560人，比1992下降了8.7%，而年齡在25到34歲的人數(shù)下降了28%。n2) 與相比，增/減了%nincrease/rise/grow /go up by % (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to / overndecrease/drop/fall/go down by % (as) compared with /as

46、 against / as opposed to /overn(1) 1999年，普通高校招生規(guī)模比上年擴大了47.4%。 University and college enrollment in 1999 increased by 47.4 percent over the previous year.n (2) 同1997年相比，1998年工業(yè)排污減少了11.6%；家庭排污增加了2.6%。 Compared with 1997, the discharge of industrial wastewater dropped by 11.6 percent, while that of dom

47、estic sewage rose by 2.6 percent in 1998.n(3) 因受亞洲金融危機的沖擊，1998年中國進出口總額比上年下降0.4%，其中進口總額下降1.5%；出口總額增長0.5%。 As a result of Asian financial crises, Chinas total volume of import and export in 1998 dropped by 0.4 percent over the previous year, of which the volume of import went down by 1.5 percent, and

48、the value of export went up by 0.5 percent.n3) 增/減率 be % increase/ rise /growth be % decrease/drop /decline an increase / a rise / a growth rate of % a decrease / drop / decline of % be % up /down be up / down%n1999年，中國外貿(mào)出口達1949億美元，比上年增長6.1%。nChinas total exports reached US$194.9 billion in 1999, a

49、rise of 6.1 percent over the previous year.n1998年，中國全年海外游客入境人數(shù)6348萬人次，比上年增長10.2%, 國際旅游收入達126億美元, 增長4.4%。nIn 1998, China received 63.48 million tourists from overseas, up by 10.2 percent. Income of foreign exchange from tourism reached 12.6 million US dollars, up 4.4 percent.n4) 增/減具體數(shù)字的英譯也可用 “by” +具

50、體數(shù)字來表示。n我國水土流失面積每年以10,000平方公里的速度在擴大。目前，水土流失面積已達367萬平方公里,占總土地面積將近38%。 The area of soil erosion in China has been increasing by 10,000 square km. annually to 3.67 million square km. at present, accounting for nearly 38 percent of the total land area.n由于低溫多雨的影響, 我國夏糧減產(chǎn)1460萬噸。 Chinas output of summer gr

51、ain declined by 14.6 million tons due to low temperature and rainy days during the growing period.n漢語增/減百分數(shù)的英譯還有一些其它表示法，但不管用什么方法，英語的增/減百分數(shù)都是凈增/減數(shù)。n實踐實踐是訓練數(shù)字互譯的根本途徑。n譯員只有經(jīng)過大量反復(fù)的數(shù)字口譯實踐才能掌握英漢數(shù)字互譯的不同特點和規(guī)律，達到數(shù)字互譯脫口而出，快速、準確的程度。英語中有豐富的描述數(shù)字上升、下降或穩(wěn)定的詞匯，即趨勢語（trend language）。如下列句子中劃線的詞匯：nThe area of cultivated

52、 land decreased by 7.6 million hectares, but the yield per hectare rose by an average of 180 kg.nAverage annual grain supply per person grow from 200 to 400kg, and meat from 9 to 15kg.下面列舉一些英語中常用來表達趨勢的詞匯：下面列舉一些英語中常用來表達趨勢的詞匯：n表示上升趨勢：表示上升趨勢：an increase增加, a rise提高, a climb爬升, a jump上升, a growth增長; to

53、increase增加, to rise提高, to climb爬升, to jump上升, to grow增長, to reach升至, to go up上升。n表示下降趨勢表示下降趨勢：a fall下降, a drop跌落, a decline下跌, a decrease減少; to fall下降, to drop跌落, to decline下跌, a decrease減少, to go down下降, to bottom out降至最低點, to slow down減速, to decelerate減速。n表示穩(wěn)定：表示穩(wěn)定：to remain (stable)保持，不變，穩(wěn)定，維持; t

54、o stand at不變，穩(wěn)定，維持; to level out (off)平衡，穩(wěn)定。漢語： “增加增加N元元”，“增加增加N” 英譯：a N yuan increasea N percent increase英語：a N-fold increase/increase N-fold/N times表示含義是增加到N倍，不是凈增加數(shù)，其漢語含義凈增數(shù)應(yīng)為N1倍。例證：During the critical year of 1917 Party membership rose tenfold from 20,000 to 200,000. 在關(guān)鍵性的1917年，黨員人數(shù)從二萬增加到二十萬，即增加

55、了九倍。英語： “倍數(shù)強比較級倍數(shù)強比較級”或或“倍數(shù)倍數(shù)over”的句型的句型漢譯： A比B多N1倍或A為B的N倍英語N times 和N-fold用于增減和強弱有多種說法，用于增加和強比較的是基數(shù)乘以N，意為“增加到N倍”、“為比較對象的N倍（如five times greater，即基數(shù)5）；用于減少或弱比較是“減少到”、“為比較對象的”（如seven times smaller即基數(shù)7，“縮小到七分之一”）。n實戰(zhàn)訓練20002000年第五次全國人口普查主要數(shù)據(jù)年第五次全國人口普查主要數(shù)據(jù)國家統(tǒng)計局今天公布了2000年第五次全國人口普查結(jié)果：一、總?cè)丝谝?、總?cè)丝谌珖側(cè)丝跒?29533

56、萬人。其中：祖國大陸31個省、自治區(qū)、直轄市（不包括福建省的金門、馬祖等島嶼，下同）和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口共126583萬人。香港特別行政區(qū)人口為678萬人。澳門特別行政區(qū)人口為44萬人。臺灣省和福建省的金門、馬祖等島嶼人口為2228萬人。二、人口增長二、人口增長 祖國大陸31個省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口，同第四次全國人口普查1990年7月1日0時的113368萬人相比，十年零四個月共增加了13215萬人，增長11.66%。平均每年增加1279萬人，年平均增長率為1.07%。三、家庭戶人口三、家庭戶人口 祖國大陸31個省、自治區(qū)、直轄市共有家庭戶34837萬戶， 家庭人口為119839萬人，

57、平均每個家庭戶的人口為3.44人，比1990年第四次全國人口普查的3.96人減少了0.52人。四、總?cè)丝谛詣e構(gòu)成四、總?cè)丝谛詣e構(gòu)成 祖國大陸31個省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口中，男性為65355萬人， 占總?cè)丝诘?1.63%；女性為61228萬人，占總?cè)丝诘?8. 37% 。 性別比（以女性為100，男性對女性的比例）為10674。五、年齡構(gòu)成五、年齡構(gòu)成 祖國大陸31個省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口中，-14 歲的人口為28979萬人。占總?cè)丝诘?2.89%；15-64 歲的人口為88793 萬人， 占總?cè)丝诘?0.15%；65歲及以上的人口為8811萬人，占總?cè)丝诘?.96%。同

58、1990年第四次全國人口普查相比，-14歲人口的比重下降了4.80個百分點，歲及以上人口的比重上升了.39個百分點。六、民族構(gòu)成六、民族構(gòu)成 祖國大陸31個省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口中，漢族人口為115940萬人，占總?cè)丝诘?1.59%；少數(shù)民族人口為1064萬人，占總?cè)丝诘?.41%。同1990年第四次全國人口普查相比，漢族人口增加了11692萬人，增長了11.22%；各少數(shù)民族人口增加了1523萬人，增長了16.70%。七、各種受教育程度人口七、各種受教育程度人口祖國大陸31個省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口中，接受大學（指大專以上）教育的4571萬人；接受高中（含中專）教育的1

59、4109萬人；接受初中教育的42989萬人；接受小學教育的45191萬人（以上各種受教育程度的人包括各類學校的畢業(yè)生、肄業(yè)生和在校生）。同1990年第四次全國人口普查相比，每10萬人中擁有各種受教育程度的人數(shù)有如下變化：具有大學程度的由1422人上升為 3611 人；具有高中程度的由8039 人上升為11146人；具有初中程度的由 23344 人上升為33961人；具有小學程度的 37057人下降為 35701人。祖國大陸31個省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和現(xiàn)役軍人的人口中，文盲人口（ 15 歲及15歲以上不識字或識字很少的人）為 8507 萬人，同1990年第四次全國人口普查相比，文盲率由15.88%

60、下降為 6.72% ，下降了9.16個百分點。八、城鄉(xiāng)人口八、城鄉(xiāng)人口 祖國大陸 31個省、自治區(qū)、直轄市的人口中，居住在城鎮(zhèn)的人口 45594萬人，占總?cè)丝诘?36.09% ；居住在鄉(xiāng)村的人口80739 萬人，占總?cè)丝诘?3.91%。同 1990 年第四次全國人口普查相比，城鎮(zhèn)人口占總?cè)丝诘谋戎厣仙?.86個百分點。1) Two significant points: as indicated earlier, it is risky trying to do a long series of figure in interpreting without jotting them down