北京大學研究生英語課件：Lesson_5__The_Facts

1、Lesson 5 The FactsVocabularyneditor-編者編者; 編輯編輯, 校訂者校訂者, 影片剪輯裝置 chief editor (=editor in chief) 主編; 總編輯 editorial-n 社論; adj.編輯上的nextreme-n.極端極端, 極端的事物極端的事物 -go from one extreme to the other 從一極端轉(zhuǎn)到另一極端-go to extremes (=run to an extreme) 走極端, 采取極端手段adj. 極端的：最外的或最遠的：極端的：最外的或最遠的：-the extreme edge of the

2、 field. 原野的盡頭-extreme pleasure; extreme pain. 極度高興；疼痛之極nprovide-v. 供應供應, 供給供給, 準備準備, 預防預防, 規(guī)定規(guī)定nprovide food and shelter for a family. 為家庭提供食物和住宿nprovide for 提供生活費; 養(yǎng)活-She provides for her family by working in a hospital.她靠在醫(yī)院工作來養(yǎng)家nprovide for為.作準備, 防備-provided for the common defense of the states i

3、n time of war. 為戰(zhàn)時各國的共同防御作準備nprovide with-Sheep provide us with wool. 羊供給我們羊毛。nStatistics-（與單數(shù)動詞連用）統(tǒng)計學：搜集、組（與單數(shù)動詞連用）統(tǒng)計學：搜集、組織、解釋數(shù)字數(shù)語的數(shù)字織、解釋數(shù)字數(shù)語的數(shù)字n（與復數(shù)動詞連用）數(shù)字數(shù)據(jù)（與復數(shù)動詞連用）數(shù)字數(shù)據(jù)nJournalist-n. 新聞記者新聞記者, 新聞工作者新聞工作者 (reporter)-accredited journalist 特派新聞記者-sports journalist 體育記者-Journalism-n. 新聞學; 新聞業(yè)-Journ

4、alistic-adj. 新聞事業(yè)的, 新聞工作者的ninstruct-vt.教教, 教導教導, 命令命令, 指示指示, 通知通知(command, order)-instruct a class in history給一個班學生上歷史課-instruct sb. in English 教某人英語-instruct sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事nLead to-導致導致, 通向通向-a remark that led to further discussion導出進一步討論的一句話 policies that led to disaster.導致災難的政策nlead up to:

5、 由一系列步驟導致：由一系列步驟導致：-events leading up to the coup導致政變的事件nSurround- v.包圍包圍, 環(huán)境環(huán)境,圍繞圍繞 -A wall surrounds the garden. 一座墻圍繞著花園。nSurrounding-n.圍繞物, 環(huán)境-railway surroundings鐵路周圍環(huán)境nenvironment-n.環(huán)境(周圍的狀況)-adjust to a new environment適應新的環(huán)境n circumstances-n.環(huán)境, 詳情, 境況-under no circumstances 無論如何不；決不-under th

6、e circumstances 或in the circumstances在這些情況下；情況既然如此Under the circumstances we had to go with him.nsurround,circle,compass,encircle,encompass,environ,gird,girdle,ring 這些動詞共有的中心意義是“四周延伸并限制每邊”： na city surrounded by suburbs 被郊區(qū)包圍著的城市na crown circling a kings head 環(huán)繞國王頭部的皇冠na mountain peak compassed by f

7、og 霧氣繚繞的山峰na belt encircling her waist 圍在她腰部的皮帶na lake that encompasses an island 環(huán)繞小島的湖泊noases environed by the desert沙漠包圍著的綠洲na castle girded by a moat 護城河圍繞的城堡ngardens girdling a bird bath 圍繞鳥澡盆的花園na dinner table ringed with guests. 圍坐著客人的餐桌 nfax-n. vt.傳真?zhèn)髡鎛find-找到找到, 發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn) found the hidden leak i

8、n the pipe. 在煙斗上找到一個隱藏的缺口nfind out- v.找出找出, 發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn), 查明查明(真相等真相等), 想出想出, 揭發(fā)揭發(fā)-I found out the phone number by looking it up. If youre not sure, find out.通過查找我查到了電話號碼。如果你不肯定，查一查-Liars risk being found out. 騙子冒有被揭穿的危險-Most embezzlers are found out in the end.大多數(shù)貪污犯最后都被查出并逮捕歸案nSet out-著手：開始一個熱切的計劃；開始旅程：著手

9、：開始一個熱切的計劃；開始旅程：-He set out to explore why the plan had failed.他開始探究為什么計劃失敗了-She set out at dawn for town.她日出時出發(fā)去鎮(zhèn)上nObtain-vt.n獲得, 得到,經(jīng)過計劃或努力成功地獲得nHe obtained a knowledge of Latin.n他學會了拉丁文。nget,obtain,procure,secure,acquire,gain,win,earn這組動詞的一般含義是“得到”nobtain包含著“努力”、“希望”或“決意”去獲得某物的意思nOrdinary people

10、would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information.那時平常的人便能運用它們?nèi)カ@取寶貴的信息。nget是最普遍、使用范圍最廣的詞-I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.我坐在公共汽車的前部，以得到有利于觀賞農(nóng)村風光的機會。secure 表示在競爭對手多而目的物少的情況下的表示在競爭對手多而目的物少的情況下的“獲取獲取”-Can you secure me two good seats for the concert?你能為我弄

11、到這場音樂會的兩個好座位嗎？nacquire雖然含有雖然含有“努力獲得努力獲得”的意思，但更強調(diào)在原來的的意思，但更強調(diào)在原來的基礎上自然增長或新的增添基礎上自然增長或新的增添-After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.接到把車開出城的指令后，我的信心增長了。ngain有有obtain的含義，但更強調(diào)目的物需要努力奮斗才能得的含義，但更強調(diào)目的物需要努力奮斗才能得到，而且這種東西具有價值，特別是物質(zhì)價值。到，而且這種東西具有價值，特別是物質(zhì)價值。-During that ti

12、me, she so gained my aunts confidence that she was put in charge of the domestic staff.在這期間，她得到了我姑姑如此的信任，結(jié)果被委任為家仆的負責人。-A penny saved is a penny gained.省一文是一文。(諺語)nwin雖然常常可以和gain換用，但win具有gain所不能表達的含義。如：獲得者具有有利的品質(zhì)-It seemed certain that this would win the prize.這一塊會得獎，這似乎是肯定的了。nearn包含著獲得物與所花的氣力是相互成比例的

13、-His achievements earned him respect and admiration.他的成就為他贏得別人的尊敬和贊美。nMeanwhile-(=meantime) n.其間其間, 其時其時 -adv.其間其間-In the meantime we waited. 我們在這時等待著。 -作為副詞meantime 不及 meanwhile 普遍： -Meanwhile we waited. 與此同時，我們等候著。ninform-v. ( of/about) 通知通知, 告訴告訴, 獲悉獲悉, 告知告知-He informed me of your decision.他把你的決定

14、告訴了我。-be well informed about sth.精通某事; 對某事消息靈通nfail to-不能不能, 不不(做做), 忘記忘記; 疏忽疏忽-He failed to come.-He never fails to write to his mother every week.他從來沒有忘記每周給母親寫信。nReluctantly-adv.不情愿地不情愿地, 嫌惡地嫌惡地nReluctant-adj. 不愿意的不愿意的, 勉強的勉強的(同意、答復等同意、答復等)-He was very reluctant to go away.他很不愿意離去。nOriginally-adv.

15、最初最初, 原先原先-The book was originally published as ABC. 原書名為ABC.nOriginal-adj.最初的最初的, 原始的原始的, 獨創(chuàng)的獨創(chuàng)的, 新穎的新穎的nn.原物原物, 原作原作-an original play, not an adaptation.原創(chuàng)劇本，不是改變而成的-an original mind.有創(chuàng)造性的思想nArrest-vt. 逮捕, 扣留(船, 貨物等); 吸引, 引起. -arrest sb.s eye 惹人注目, 引起某人的注意-The policeman arrested the thief.警察逮捕了小偷。

16、textnEditors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.nMeanwhile, the editor was getting impatient.-importantunimportant (not important)-patientimpatient (not patient)-legalillegal (not legal)-regularirregular (not regular)nNot o

17、nly had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.nNot onlybut (as well)/ but (also)-It is not only interesting to study the students motivation to learn English, but also very necessary.-Not only is it interesting to study the students motivation to learn English, but also

18、very necessary.-I not only heard it, but I saw it as well.-Not only did I hear it, but I saw it as well.nOnly when you learn how to do it can you start to work.questionsnHow do editors of newspaper and magazines often go to extremes?nWhat had a journalist been instructed to do?nHow long ago was this

19、?nWhy was the editor dissatisfied with the first sentence?nDid he refuse to publish it?nWhat did the editor instruct the journalist to find out?nWas the journalist able to supply this information immediately?nWhy was the editor getting impatient?nHow many more faxes did he send the journalist?nWhat

20、did the last one say?nWhat happened to the original article the journalist had written?nHow long was it before the journalist could fax the editor?nWhy hadnt the journalist faxed sooner?nHow many steps led to the wall surrounding the presidents palace?nHow high was the wall?nWhen had the journalist been arrested?nHow long had he spent in prison?Retelling the storynEditor refused to publish article.nIt began” “Hundreds of steps”nJournalistfind outexact number of stepsheight of wallnEditortwo faxesno replynAnother faxjournalist would be firednJournalist failed to replyarticle publishednWeek lat