初三英語復(fù)習(xí)句子成分及其句子種類人教版

1、01初三英語復(fù)習(xí)（句子成分及其句子種類）人教版（配有練習(xí)題）一.教學(xué)內(nèi)容：復(fù)習(xí)句子成分及其句子種類組成句子的各部分叫做句子成分。句子的成分有：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。二.句子最基本的結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+謂語主語：在句子中的位置是放在句首：可以作主語的詞類有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式以及詞組、從句等等。e.g.Theboysareplayingfootballnow.名詞作主語Twoandtwoarefour.數(shù)詞作主語Tolearnaforeignlanguageisveryuseful.動詞不定式作主語Thisisakey.代詞作主語。謂語：謂語放在主語之后，動詞作謂語，包括

2、及物動詞，不及物動詞，系動詞。e.g.Thestudentsarereadingbooks.動詞作謂語表語：放在謂語之后，結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+謂語（系動詞）+表語用作表語的詞有名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，詞組，從句等等。e.g.Wearestudents.名詞作表語Thisdeskishers.代詞作表語Leeisfifteen.數(shù)詞作表語Sarah'scarlooksnice.形容詞作表語Ourplanistoplanttrees.動詞不定式作表語Isyourfatherin?_表示地點的副詞作表語賓語：賓語放在謂語之后，結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語，賓語分為直接賓語和

3、間接賓語，直接賓語指物，間接賓語指人。e.g.Pleasepassmethe_salt.間接賓語直接賓語用作賓語的詞有：名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，不定式短語，名詞性的形容詞或從句。e.g.Doyouneedanyhelp?名詞作賓語Wouldyouliketohelpme?_代詞作賓語Heboughttenoranges.數(shù)詞作賓語Theteacherwantstotakethesechairsoutoftheroom.動詞不定式作賓語賓語補足語：在句子中放在賓語之后，結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語+賓語補足語可以用作賓語補足語的詞有：名詞，形容詞，不定式和分詞。名詞或者代詞+形容詞/名詞/不定

4、式/分詞e.g.Thegoodnewsmademehappy.形容詞作賓補Didyouhearhersingjustnow?動詞不定式作賓補Isawhimcleaningthewindowyesterday.分詞作賓補Letushavearest.不定式短語作賓補狀語：一般放在句尾，有時放句首或句中。作狀語的詞有：副詞，介詞短語、詞組，不定式短語，分詞短語以及從句。e.g.Immediatelyhestartedtosing.副詞放句首，作狀語I'mneverlate.副詞放句中作狀語Hedrivesfast.副詞放句尾作狀語。Pleaseparkthecarinfrontoftheb

5、uilding.介詞短詞作狀語放句尾TheywenttoShanghaitohaveameeting.動詞不定式作狀語JackwatchedTVdayandnight.詞組作狀語定語：請記住有名詞或代詞的地方都可以有定語。一般情況下單個的名詞，代詞，形容詞放在所修飾的名詞之前，而詞組、短語、從句要放在所修飾的名詞之后?？梢杂米鞫ㄕZ的詞有：形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞或名詞所有格、介詞短語，不定式短語，詞組，分詞短語和從句。e.g.Benisan向man.形容詞用作定語，放在名詞之前。Doyouwantanothercake?代詞用作定語放在所修飾的名詞前Thegirlaskedhermothert

6、woquestions.數(shù)詞用作定語放在所修飾的名詞之前。Theworkerputtheflowersinapaperbag.名詞用作定語放在所修飾的名詞之前。Whosthemanoverthere?介詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞之后。Couldyoubingmesomethingtodrink,please?動詞不定式作定語，放在不定代詞之后。Theplanethatcanflyisamachine.從句用作定語放在所修飾的名詞之后。三.句子的結(jié)構(gòu)：簡單句，并列句和復(fù)合句首先看簡單句的五種基本句型(1)主語+謂語(不及物動詞)e.g.Summeriscoming.(2)主語+謂語(連系動詞)

7、+表語。e.g.Youareverybusy.(3)主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語e.g.MrLiuteachesEnglish.(4)主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+賓語e.g.Mumgavemeadictionary.=Mumgaveadictionarytome.（5）主語+謂語（及物動詞）+賓語+賓語補足語e.g.Linaaskedhimtogoshoppingtogether.Wecallhim"UncleWang”Thestudentswatchedtheteacherdoingtheexperiment.并列句：并列句由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句構(gòu)成。常用的并列連詞有：and,

8、but,or,so,notonly,butalso,both,and,等等。e.g.Johngotuplate,sohehadtogotoschoolwithoutbreakfast.約翰起床晚了，所以只好不吃早飯而上學(xué)。Hurryup,or,you'llbelate.快點兒，否則要遲到了。Welikenotonlymusicbutalsoart.我們不但喜歡音樂，而且也喜歡藝術(shù)。復(fù)合句：復(fù)合句是由一個主句和一個或幾個從句構(gòu)成。根據(jù)從句在句中的成分可以稱為主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，定語從句，狀語從句和同位語從句。e.g.Whetherhewillcomeornotisnotknow

9、n.他是否會來還不知道。（主語從句）=Itisnotknownwhetherhewillcomeornot.ThatiswhatIshoulddo.這是我的本份。（表語從句）HeaskedmewhereMrPopelived.他問我Pope先生住在哪里。（賓語從句）TheideathatweaskedMiketocomeyesterdayisquitegood.昨天我們請邁克來，這個主意太好了。（同位語從句）ThisistheroomwhereIlivelastsummer.這就是我去年夏天住過的房間。（定語從句）He'lltelephonehismotherassoonasheget

10、sthere.他只要一到那兒，就會給母親打電話。（時間狀語從句）Whereverthereissmoke,thereisfire.無風(fēng)不起浪。（地點狀語從句）Jeandidn'tgotoworkbecauseshewasill.Jean因病沒有上班。（原因狀語從句）Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,we'llgototheScienceMuseum.如果明天不下雨，我們就去科學(xué)博物館。（條件狀語從句）MrKingspokeslowlysothateveryonecouldunderstandhim.金先生將慢慢講以使每個人都聽懂他的話。（目的狀語從句）He

11、issocleverthatalltheteacherslikehim.他是那么聰明，所有的老師都喜歡他。（結(jié)果狀語從句）Althoughhewastired,hewentonworking.雖然他累了，但他還在繼續(xù)工作。（讓步狀語從句）Thisfilmismoreinstructivethanthatone.這部電影比那部有教育意義。（比較狀語從句）細(xì)分狀語從句也有不少可以引導(dǎo)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，請同學(xué)們仔細(xì)閱讀初三英語書第232頁狀語從句中的語法內(nèi)容。四.句子的種類:句子可以分為4類：陳述句、疑問句，祈使句和感嘆句。陳述句：說明一個事實或者陳述說話人的看法。陳述句包括肯定句和否定句。e.g.Oned

12、ayatigercameoutoftheforest.Hehasn'thadlunchyet.疑問句：提出問題。在英語中疑問句可以分為四種：一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。1 .一般疑問句，用yes或者no回答的疑問句，用升調(diào)。e.g.Areyouadoctor?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Didshelikeswimmingwhenshewasyoung?Yes,shedid.No,shedidn't.2 .特殊疑問句：用疑問詞引導(dǎo)的疑問句，不能用yes或者no回答，用降調(diào)。疑問代詞有：who,whom,whose,what,which疑問副詞有：wh

13、en,where,why,how還有：howmany,howmuch,howold,howlong,howfar,howsoon,howoften,howtall,howhigh,what/which/whose+名詞，e.g.Whosecomputerisit?It'smine.Whendoyouusuallygetupeverymorning?3 .選擇疑問句：提出兩個答案供選擇回答，前一部分和一般疑問句差不多，后一部分用or連接需要提問的并列部分。前部分用升降，后部分用降調(diào)，回答較靈活。e.g.Whichcountrydoyoulikebetter,ChinaorIndia?Ch

14、ina.Areyougoingtoworkorstayathome?I'mgoingtowork.4 .反意問句：反意問句一般分兩部分，前一部分是陳述句，后一部分是與前一部分意思相反的簡短問句，用逗號隔開。前一部分用升調(diào)，后一部分如果表示疑問，就用升調(diào)。如果只表示強調(diào)某種意思則用降調(diào)。前一部分用肯定，后一部分用否定。前一部分用否定，后一部分就用肯定?；卮饡ryes,no要與事實取得一致。e.g.Davidisgoodatmaths,isn'the?Yes,heis.大衛(wèi)擅長數(shù)學(xué)，是嗎？是的。Kimhasn'tbeentotheU.S.A,hasshe?Yes,shehas

15、.No,shehasn't.不，她去過了。是的，她還沒去過。祈使句：表示命令、請求、號召等的句子。祈使句通常不表示出主語?？隙ň鋵釉~原形放在句首。否定句以Don't+動詞原形e.g.Openyourbooks,please.Don'ttalkinclass.Listentomecarefully.感嘆句：表示說話時的驚異，喜悅氣氛等情緒的句子。感嘆句通常有兩種，由what或者h(yuǎn)ow修飾。感嘆句句尾要用感嘆號，用降調(diào)。what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞或副詞。結(jié)構(gòu)：What+形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語，e.g.Whatanicedayitis!Whatdeliciousf

16、ood!How+形容詞或者副詞+主語+謂語，e.g.Howbeautifultheflowersare!HowfastJimruns!重點注意：一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的語序一一倒裝語序。一般疑問句將助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、連系動詞放在主語之前。e.g.Isthisabook?Arethereanybooksonthetable?DoyouwatchTVatnight?Didhefinishhishomeworkyesterday?Willtheyseeafilmtomorrow?Havethesewatchesbeenrepairedbyhim?特殊疑問句將疑問代詞或者疑問副詞放句首，后面跟著一般疑

17、問句語序。只是在需要提問主語部分時，換成疑問代詞，其它部分不變。e.g.MeiMeisingswell.Whosingswell?Iamdrawingahorse.Whatareyoudrawing?HelivesinAustralia.Wheredoeshelive?切記：在反意疑問句中如果前一部分中含有no,never,hardly,little,few等詞時，這一部分就表示否定，后一部分要用肯定。e.g.Younevergotoschoolbybus,doyou?Maryhasfewfriends,has/doesshe?反意問句部分的時態(tài)，以及主、謂語要與主句一致。請同學(xué)們注意下面的幾

18、個要點：A. howfar,howsoon,howlong,howoften在特殊疑問句中的區(qū)別。howfar指距離：Howfarisitfromheretoyourhome?從這兒到你家有多遠(yuǎn)？howlong指時間長短：HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?Threeyears.你們學(xué)英語多長時間了？三年了。howsoon指多久，用于將來時態(tài)：Howsoonwillyoubeready?I'llbereadyintwohours.你要多久才能準(zhǔn)備好？我要2個小時后才能準(zhǔn)備好。howoften:問頻度，多少時間一次：Howoftendoyougotothezoo?O

19、nceayear.你多久去一次動物園？每年一次。B. howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)十一般疑問句語序e.g.Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool?HowmanytimeshashebeentotheGreatWall?C. 當(dāng)反意問句前一部分有Idon'tthink/believe,時，反意問句部分的主語、謂語和從句一致.2e.g.Idon'tthinkMrWangwillcome,willhe?.D. 祈使句的反意問句，后面要加一個簡短問句，使語氣更委婉。e.g.Let'shavearest,shallwe?讓我們休息一會兒，好嗎？Leth

20、imgo,willyou?讓他走，怎么樣？Closethedoor,willyou?關(guān)上門，好嗎？Don'tmakesomuchnoise,willyou?別吵鬧，行不行？【模擬試題】I .選擇填空：1. Therealotoforangejuiceinthebottle.Wouldyoulikesome?A.isB.areC.amD.be2. Doyouoftenplaybasketball?一Yes,usuallySaturdayafternoon.A.inB.onC.atD.to3. MrsSmithteacheshistory,wealllikeher.A.weB.usC.ou

21、rD.ours4. 一Doyoucookathome?一Yes,butnotsoasmysister.A.goodB.betterC.wellD.best5. 一WhereisPeter,doyouknow?HeAuntYinglookafterthebaby.A.helpsB.helpedC.washelpingD.ishelping6. 一Whowasnothereyesterday?一Theheadmaster.shewasillandhadtogotohospital.A.BecauseB.IfC.ThoughD.When7. 一Shallwebeginclassnow?一Onemom

22、ent,please.I'vegotimportanttosaybeforeclass.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing8. Thankyouformethenews.Notatall.A.tellB.totellC.tellingD.youtold9. Whatgoodweather!一Let'shaveagameintheyard.A.anB.aC.theD./10. HowoldisSam?HelooksthanJack,buttheyareofthesameage.A.youngB.youngerC.tooyoungD

23、.theyoungest11. Youwon'tgototheSummerPalacetomorrow.一willI.A.AlsoB.TooC.NeitherD.Either12. Doyouenjoyyourlifehere,MrDurham?一Yes,ofcourse,thoughIhereforonlytwoweeks.A.stayB.amstayingC.hadstayedD.havestayed13. Weareinclass.You'dbetter.A.nottalkB.nottotalkC.nottalkingD.don'ttalk14. 一Doesaut

24、umnlastlonginBeijing?一No.ItusuallyfromSeptembertoNovember.A.lastedB.lastsC.islastingD.willlast15. Howisthesmalltown?一Onlyafewkilometersfromhere.A.longB.oftenC.farD.much16. 一Hereisaofmyschool.一Oh,it'sverylarge.Isthisyourmainbuilding?A.bookB.mapC.pictureD.paper17. WheredoyouliveinMelbourne?一Letmey

25、ouonthemap.A.giveB.teachC.bringD.show18. ChrisaskedmeifanyEnglishbeforeIcametoLondon.A.IlearnedB.IwilllearnC.didIlearnD.willIlearn19. 一Excuseme.CouldyoutellmethewaytotheBeijingZoo?一Sorry,Idon'tknow.Askthepoliceman.Heknow.A.mustB.shouldC.mayD.can20. 一Whatispapermadefrom?Itfromwood.A.makesB.ismaki

26、ngC.madeD.ismadeII .完形填空：Fromtheothersideoftheroadhesawtheonlylightedwindowonthethirdfloorgoblack.Hiseyescamedowntothebigdoor,theentrancetothebuilding.Thelightcamewarmlythroughthereintothecoldoftheevening.Afteralittletimeagirlpassed1thedoor,stoppedatthetopofthestepsandpulledhercoatcloseroundher.He2h

27、ercomedownthesteps,turntotheleftanddisappearalongtheroad.Hecrossedthe3,thenwentpastthemainentrance,turnedatthecornerofthebuildingandwentinata4door.Therestoodthestairs.Heclimbeduptothethirdfloor.Thenhe5openasmalldoor.Hecameoutintoabrightlylitpassage.Attheendofthepassagetherewasadoor;onaplateonthedoor

28、he6read"Mrs.WalterCountenay.”Heturnedthehandleandwentin.Thatdoorwas7lockedbecausetheoldladydidn'twanttobelockedin.Ifsherangforsomebody,shedidn'twanttocomeandopenthedoor.Theroomwasdark.Hewentinandshutthedoorbehindhim.A8said,"Whoisthat?”Itwasthefirsttimehehadheardhertalking,anditwasv

29、erymuch9hehadexpected.Hesaid,“NevermindwhoIam,anddon'tbe10.I'mnotgoingtohurtyou,"Hewentforwardandsatdownonachairbythebigdesk.Therewas11lightintheroomfromthestreetoutside,andhecouldseehersittingthereontheothersideofthedesk.Shewas12upherhandsalittleandhesawthatshehadbeenknitting（編織）whenhe

30、enteredtheroom.“Well,"shesaid,"Whatdoyouwant?”1.“Theykeytoyoursafe（保險柜）”,heanswered.A.overB.throughC.aroundD.into2.A.watchedB.heardC.helpedD.felt3.A.riverB.buildingC.roadD.square4.A.frontB.backC.sideD.garden5.A.keptB.knockedC.brokeD.pushed6.A.wouldB.shouldC.mightD.could7.A.neverB.oftenC.us

31、uallyD.always8.A.soundB.voiceC.shoutD.noise9.A.asB.thanC.thatD.what10.A.sadB.excitedC.afraidD.angry11.A.alotofB.alittleC.someD.no12?.A.puttingB.gettingC.pickingD.holdingIII .閱讀理解：JimCarreyhasbecomeoneofthemostfamousfacesintheworld.HewasborninaworkingclassfamilyinNewMarket,Ontario,CanadaonJanuary17,1

32、962.Hisfamilywasverypoor.LifewashardforyoungJimCarrey.Whileinhisteens,hehadtoworkbecausehisfatherlosthisjob.Hedidn'thaveenoughtimeforschool.Atlasthedroppedoutofschool.Yetonegoodthingcameoutofit,Hedevelopedaverygoodsenseofhumor.Hedidn'thaveanyfriendsatthattime.Hewasverybusy.Betweenschoolandwo

33、rkhedidn'thaveenoughtimetolivelikeanormalchild.Hefeltlonely,At15,hehadenoughtimetostartperformingatYorkYuks,afamousTorontocomedyclub.ThenhemovedtoLosAngelesandperformedthere.JimCarreybecamefamousforthefirsttimein1990.HeplayedapartonanewcomedyshowcalledInLivingColour.TheotheractorswereallAfricanA

34、mericans.Carreywastheonlywhiteman.Whilethere,helearnedhowtoactlikemanydifferentpeople.Hegotintofeaturefilm（長片）inonesuccessfulyear1994.ItwastheYearoftheFunnyFace.FirsttherewasDetDetective.NextcameTheMask.JimCarreywasinthespotlight（公眾注意中心）now.SincethatfamousyearCarreyhassloweddownabit.Hisfilmshavecome

35、outlessoftenbuthavecontinuedtomakewaves.TherewasBetmanForever,nextcameLiar,Liar.Thefilmwasbigsuccess.Hewasontopoftheworld.ThencameTheTrumanShow.ThefilmshowedtheworldthatJimCarreywasmorethanjustafunnyface.Carreyhascomealongwayfromhishardchildhood.Infactheseemstobelivingasecondchildhoodnow.Canadahasbe

36、enproducingfinecomedicactorsforyears,andJimCarreyissurelythebestone.1. JimCarreydevelopedaverygoodsenseofhumorbecause.A. hedidn'thavetogotoschool.B. hestartedperformingincomediesC. thecomedyclubtaughthimalotD. Canadaproducedalotofcomedicactors2. WhendidJimCarreyformhisownwaytoperform?A. Whenhewa

37、sfifteenB. WhenheplayedapartinInLivingC. AfterhegotintofeaturefilmsColourD. AfterhebecamesuccessfulinTheMask.3. Whichofthefollowingsentencesisnottrue?A. IttookJimCarreyveryhardworktobecomefamous.B. 1994wasthemostimportantyearonJimCarrey'swaytosuccess.C. NowJimCarrey'sfilmsarenotassuccessfula

38、stheywere.D. JimCarreyisthoughttobethebestcomedicactor.IV.按照所給中文意思完成下列各句：1 .你的汽車怎么啦？yourcar?2 .孩子們正在忙著澆花。Thechildrenarebusy.3 .Helen年紀(jì)太小不能上學(xué)。togotoschool.4 .人一到齊我們就出發(fā)。Wellstartassoonas5 .你愿意和他們一起去野營嗎？togocampingwiththem?V.補全對話：(MrsGreenisinashop.ShewantstobuyaT-shirtforherson.)A:Goodmorning,madam.Ca

39、nIhelpyou?B:1.A: HereareT-shirtsforboys.2B: SizeL.Heisatallboy.HelikescottonT-shirts.A: 3.It'smadeinChina.B: OK,letmehavealook.4.A: 280yuan.It'spopularwithyoungpeople.B: ButI'mafraidit'salittlemoreexpensiveandIdon'tlikethecolour.A: Doyoulikethisblackone?It'sonly108yuan.B: Hmm,itlooksnice.5Thankyou.VI.用方框中所給單詞或詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空。many,assoonas,havearest,theother,late,catch,family,for,hold,who1. 一isthetallestboyinyourschool?一LiTong.2. Weareverytired.Let'sstop.3. Aretherestudentsinyourschool?4. Shewillgivethebooktomeshecomesback.5. I'mnotfeelingwell.PerhapsI