人教版英語選修六第三單元知識點(diǎn)

1、U3(選修六)Words and expressions1.abuse   n. 濫用,妄用；虐待，辱罵 弊病，陋習(xí)vt. 濫用,妄用,虐待e.g. He abused his power while in office.他在職時(shí)濫用權(quán)力。Those captives were physically abused.那些俘虜遭受了肉體上的摧殘drug abuse 濫用毒品child abuse 虐待兒童abuse ones position / power濫用職權(quán)/權(quán)利abuse a privilege濫用特權(quán)2. stress  1）n. 壓力; 重音,重讀 be

2、 under (the) stress (of) 在壓力下suffer from stress遭受壓力the stresses and strains of modern life現(xiàn)代生活的壓力和緊張強(qiáng)調(diào), 重要性e.g. Some school lay / put /place stress on foreign language education.2）vt. 加壓力于; 重讀; 強(qiáng)調(diào)e.g. He stressed the importance of the task.3.ban   1）n.禁令,禁止    a ba

3、n on sth2）vt.禁止, 取締ban sb. from (doing) sth. 頒布禁令impose a ban解除禁令lift a bane.g. Our government has put/ imposed a ban on plastic bags.4. due to  歸因于, 歸功于e.g. The accident is due to your careless driving. 那意外事故歸因于你駕駛不小心。be due to do sth定于某時(shí)做某事e.g. He is due to speak at the meeting tomo

4、rrow.可以被caused by 所代替The train is due in five minutes.(預(yù)定的，預(yù)期的）My rent isnt due till Wednesday.（到期的，立即支付的）In due course 在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候after due consideration經(jīng)適當(dāng)考慮之后because of “由于”, 較口語化，只作狀語owing to 較正式，須用逗號與主句隔開thanks to “多虧了” ，多用于正面的意義as a result of “因?yàn)椤盿s a result 副短, “因此”therefore 副詞, “因此”so并列連詞, “因此”be

5、cause of ,due to , owing to , on account of和 thanks to 的用法比較 這一詞都表示“由于”的意思，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)該注意以下區(qū)別： 1because of意為“由于，因?yàn)椤?，?qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，在句中僅作狀語，修飾句中的一部分，與其他成分不用逗號隔開。如：We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback 我們決不可因?yàn)檫@樣一個(gè)小小的挫折而灰心喪氣。2owing to與because of一樣，也強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系，除作狀語外，也可作表語。作狀語時(shí)修飾整個(gè)句子，可在句首或句末，用逗號隔開。如：

6、 They decided to cancel the flight，owing to the storm 由于這場暴風(fēng)雨，他們決定取消這個(gè)航班。 His death was owing to an accident他死于一場事故。3due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表語、狀語和定語。作表語和狀語時(shí)與owing to同義，作狀語時(shí)，一般不與其他成分隔開。不用于句首。如：This accident was due to（owing to）his careless driving這次車禍?zhǔn)怯捎谒_車疏忽大意造成的。 He arrived late due to（owing to）t

7、he storm由于暴風(fēng)雨他來晚了。 Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences 由于疏忽大意造成的錯(cuò)誤可能帶來嚴(yán)重的后果。 4on account of與because of，owing to同義，但語氣較為正式?？勺鳡钫Z、表語，不作定語。如：He could not come on account of his illness他因病不能前來。 That was on account of lack of exercise那是由于缺乏鍛煉。 5thanks to表示“幸虧，多虧”多用于表達(dá)正面意思，相當(dāng)于感謝，在句中作

8、狀語和表語。如：Thanks to your advice，much trouble was saved多虧你的建議，減少了許多麻煩。5.tough1）The wire is tougher than that. (堅(jiān)韌的，不易磨損的）2）You need to  be tough enough to survive in the jungle.（堅(jiān)忍不拔的，吃苦耐勞的）3） a tough criminal（粗暴的，兇暴的）4）tough measures to deal with terrorism（強(qiáng)硬的，嚴(yán)厲的）5）a tough assignment / prob

9、lem / choice（棘手的，困難的）6） a tough steak（硬的，老的）6.fit1)V.1.The dress doesnt fit me.2.We cant fit any more chairs into the room.（容納）3. be fitted with handles（安裝）4. His ideas did not quite fit in with our aims. 他的想法和我們的目標(biāo)不完全一致。 (與相一致，相協(xié)調(diào)）2)Adj.keep fitbe fit for / to doThe book is fit (suitable) for child

10、ren.The fresh air is fit to breath.反義詞：unfit  be unfit for / to do區(qū)分fit , suit, matchThese shoes dont fit me. Have you got a larger size? 這鞋我穿不合適。你們有大點(diǎn)的嗎？ That haircut suits you. 那種發(fā)型很適合你。The carpets should match the curtains. 地毯應(yīng)該和窗簾相配。You cant match him in his knowledge of wild plan

11、ts. 在野生植物知識方面，你無法與他相比。 7. addicted adj. “對某某上癮”, “沉湎于某某” e.g. My children have become      hopelessly addicted to television. 我的幾個(gè)孩子都成了電視迷, 簡直不可救藥了。構(gòu)詞法：addict  n. 吸毒成癮的人addiction  n.  沉湎、成癮addictive adj.  使人上癮的addict常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)：addict oneself to sth. 沉溺于某物be addic

12、ted to sth. 專心做某事;上了.的癮be addicted to doing sth.Eg.The parents felt helpless when they found their son had _ love stories for long.A. addicted     B. addicted to C. addicted himself D. been addicted to8. accustom v.使人習(xí)慣于、養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣e.g. She found it necessary to accustom her child to ge

13、tting up early. 她覺得有必要讓孩子養(yǎng)成早起的好習(xí)慣。常用句式：1) accustom+名詞/oneself + to+名eg.Children are quick to accustom themselves to new surroundings.孩子們很快就會適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。2) be accustomed to +名詞e.g. I am accustomed to walking long distances.   我習(xí)慣與長距離步行。3) get/become/be accustomed to +名詞e.g. You will soo

14、n get accustomed to the job.  你將會習(xí)慣于這個(gè)工作。同義詞組：be / get / become used to注意:在英語中, to有時(shí)為動(dòng)詞不定式符號, 后跟動(dòng)詞原形; 有時(shí)用作介詞, 后跟名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞。下面的這些短語中的to 均為介詞。stick to   堅(jiān)持      lead to  導(dǎo)致, 通向 pay a visit to 參觀  sentence sb. to 宣判某人 come to  談到, 涉及

15、    see to  處理，負(fù)責(zé)      be up to 總計(jì)         devoteto 致力于             get down to 開始 /著手be opposed to / object to 反對 be devoted to  致力于，獻(xiàn)身于be attached t

16、o adjust (adapt) to be exposed to       look forward to pay attention to     attend to contribute to          turn to admit to when it comes to 9.withdraw-withdrawalThe general refused to withdraw his troops.（收

17、回，撤回）She withdrew all her savings and left the country.（取錢，提款）withdrawal symptoms 戒毒過程中出現(xiàn)的癥狀10. quit 動(dòng)詞, 過去式和過去分詞均為quit,現(xiàn)在分詞為quitting, 接動(dòng)詞-ing形式, “停止做” e.g. She quit smoking when she got pregnant.     她一懷孕就戒了煙。歸類記憶:下列動(dòng)詞只能用-ing 形式作賓語admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, conside

18、r, deny , forbid(禁止), fancy(想象), finish, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, prevent, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, imagine, postpone(推遲), practice, quit, resist(抵制), risk , suggest, tolerate, understandLine 18: I did finally manage.Line 30: I do hope so because I want you to livedo/

19、does/did+動(dòng)詞原形，用于肯定句和祈使句中，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。注意：只用于強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語以外的成分可使用：It is/was thatIt was when I was doing my homework that I saw him sleeping.It was I that/who saw him sleeping in class.Do be careful when crossing the street.He does speak English well.Line 19: I didnt know, for example, that it could do terribl

20、e damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. 點(diǎn)撥 該句是一個(gè)包含兩個(gè)賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句。第二個(gè)賓語從句that 不能省略。主句為I didnt know。or連接這兩個(gè)賓語從句, 意為“也不（知道）”。I dont know . or . 這個(gè)句型譯為“我不知道, 也不知道”。如：I dont know where to go or what to do.我不知道去哪里也不知道干什么。We believe (that) you ar

21、e honest and that youve told us the truth. 我們相信你很老實(shí)，也相信你已告訴了我們實(shí)情。Line 22: Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the heath of non-smokers.Line 1: it is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you.neither/nor +be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 表示否定的情況so +be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示肯定的情況

22、。She doesnt like English, neither do I.I have mastered the use of it, so have she.注意：so+主語+助動(dòng)詞I have finished all my homework, so have she.-She finished all the homework yesterday.-So she did.我已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)，她也是。-她昨天把所有的作業(yè)完成了。-她確實(shí)都完成了。Line 27: I knew it was time to quit smoking.It is/was time (for sb) to d

23、o sth.It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth.It is/was)the first (second) time that sb. have/has done sth./had done sth.Its time for us to study hard. 該是我們認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候了Its high time that we studied/should study hard. Its the first time that my classmates and I have got together. 昨天晚上是我們第

24、一次同學(xué)聚會。11.strengthenPracticing Kongfu strengthens our bodies.We must strengthen our socialist construction.We should strengthen the legal system.He lifted the stone with all his strength.The ability to keep calm is one of his many strengths.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercises to build up his

25、strength.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths andweaknesses.12.decide decision1.decide+名詞/代詞The question will be decided by themselves.問題將由他們自己決定。2.decide to doLast week, a group of Class 3 students decided to go to the museum. 3.decide+從句Let

26、's first decide where we should go.(=Let's first decide where to go.)It is not decided whether we will go there.It is decided that.：It is decided that we should start tomorrow. （注：這種從句要用虛擬語氣。） 4.跟介詞短語(跟on或upon，表示“就某事做出決定”)：Don't decide on important matters too quickly.重要的事情不要匆忙做出決定。make

27、a decisiondetermine to do / be determined to domake up ones mind (s) to do13. feel like 想要, 只表示一次的想法, 后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式e.g. Its so hot today. I feel like going swimming. 今天好熱啊, 我想去游泳。摸起來像, 像是e.g. The material feels like silkIt feels like rain.would like to doe.g. Id like to have dinner with you.Line 6: Eve

28、ry time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.every time 在此句中引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語，表示“每次的時(shí)候”Every time I go to see her, she is always busy working. 每次我去看她，她總是忙于工作。下列用法均可做連詞：the first time  第一次的時(shí)候the moment/minute/instant/immediately/instantly/directly 一.就.every time=each

29、 time 每次的時(shí)候last time 上次next time  下次by the time到為止I fell in love with him the first time I saw him. 第一次見到他的時(shí)候，我就喜歡他了。The last time I saw her, she was working. 最后一次見到她的時(shí)候，她正在工作。I always go too see my best friend immediately we have a holiday. 一放假，我總是去看我最好的朋友。14.remindremind sb of sthremind

30、sb to toremind sb thate.g. The story reminded me of an experience I once lived.You must remind him to take his medicine ,in case he forgets.Please remind me that I must return the book before noon.15.ashamed   adj.  feel sorry or embarrassede.g. She is ashamed to ask such a simpl

31、e question.相關(guān)短語：be ashamed of sb./ sth                  be ashamed that                  be ashamed to do    &

32、#160;              What a shame!Its a shame (pity) that .真是遺憾16. in spite of   盡管, 雖然，不顧。后接名詞（despite)eg. She cant see very well in spite of her glasses. (despite)盡管戴著眼鏡她還是不能看得很清楚。Despite (In spite of) the fact that

33、 we tried our best, we didnt win.regardless of 不管，不顧，不理會He says what he thinks and does what he wants to do, regardless of other peoples feelings.The law says everyone is equal, regardless of age, sex, or religion.Though / Although / Even if Even though its hard work, I enjoy it.Young as / though I

34、am, I already know what career I want to follow.17. get into陷于, 染上什么習(xí)慣     get into the habit of 養(yǎng)成什么習(xí)慣。相當(dāng)于fall into the habit of或者form the habit ofe.g. The girl has got into the habit of playing with her hair while reading. 那個(gè)女孩養(yǎng)成了閱讀時(shí)玩弄頭發(fā)的習(xí)慣。短語聯(lián)想：get into trouble  

35、; 惹上麻煩get into debt        負(fù)債累累get along / on withget away withget down    get inget off   get over  get throughget together18.at risk=in dangertake risks/ a riskat the risk of    冒的危險(xiǎn)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)at your own risk  自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)run th

36、e risk of 冒險(xiǎn)(做某事)risk doing19.survival-survive-survivorOf the four people in the car accident,only one survived. Many customs have survived from earlier times.許多風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣源源流長The old lady has survived her husband.那老婦人的丈夫先她而去世了He felt lucky to have survived the war.經(jīng)歷那場戰(zhàn)爭后能幸存下來他感到很幸運(yùn)20.possible, probable,

37、likely 的用法Its possible (for sb) to doIts possible thatIts probable thatsth is probableIts likely that.主語+be likely to do21.prejudicepride and prejudice 傲慢與偏見She has a prejudice against modern music.  她對現(xiàn)代音樂懷有偏見。They accused him of having a prejudice against his women employees. 他們指責(zé)他歧視女雇員。

38、A new law has been brought in to discourage racial prejudice. 一項(xiàng)反對種族歧視的新法律已被提出。judgement-judge in ones judgement依判斷judge.from / by依判斷judging by / from在句中作狀語In my judgement, he is guilty.We cant judge a book by its cover.Judging from his skin, he comes from Africa.練習(xí)：Complete the sentences with

39、words from the text.1. Rice production has increased greatly in China over the last few years, largely _ super hybrid rice.2. Having lived in Hawaii all his life, he was not _ to the cold of Northern Europe.due toaccustomed 3. He was _ of his body so he decided to go on a diet and do more exercise.4. In spite of her wounded leg, she _to get up the stairs.5. He told me the same story _ until I felt like screaming.ashamedmanagedautomatically6. With exams only a week away, I am under a lot of _.7. When I _ playing sport I become very fat and unh