課件9_正反譯法

1、 正反譯法 Yin XiaohongQuestionnWhats the difference between the following sentences?1.No man can be an artist.2.Every man can not be an artist.l沒(méi)有人可以成為藝術(shù)家。l不是人人都可以成為藝術(shù)家。1. 全部否定適用的詞包括:no, not, nor, none, never, neither nor, nobody, nowhere, nothing, not at all, on no account, by no means, in no way等Pizza

2、 Hut was nowhere to be found in this small town.這座小城哪都沒(méi)有必勝客。As for the question of when the train would arrive, none of the clerks at the ticket office bothered to answer.有關(guān)火車的抵達(dá)時(shí)間，售票處的工作人員個(gè)個(gè)都懶得回答。2. 部分否定He was not entirely happy.他并不是很高興。Not all the employees are to be laid off.不是所有的員工會(huì)被裁員。The publi

3、c and the political masters will eventually understand that popular measures are not necessarily good measures.公眾和政治家們將會(huì)明白，受歡迎的措施未必都是好的。完全否定與部分否定None of the answers are right.All that glitters is not gold. 這些答案都不對(duì)。發(fā)光的不都是金子。Every word is not known.None of the words is known.并非每個(gè)單詞都認(rèn)識(shí)。每個(gè)單詞都不認(rèn)識(shí)。More ex

4、amplesI do not want everything.I do not want anything.我并不是什么都要。我什么都不要。We cannot be too careful in doing experiments.我們做試驗(yàn)越小心越好。Your temper is more than I can bear.我受不了你的脾氣。You ought to know better than to do that sort of things.你不該做那樣的事情。The little bridge is anything but safe.這小橋一點(diǎn)也不安全。4.特指否定5.雙重否定T

5、here is no rule that has no exception.任何規(guī)則都有例外。There is not any advantage without disadvantage.有利必有弊。His speech leaves no room to improvement.他的演講完美之至。The music is like nothing on the earth.此曲只應(yīng)天上有。exerciseTranslate the following sentences into Chinese:1.It doesnt seem that they know where to go.2.O

6、pportunities come to all, but all are not ready for them when they do come.l看來(lái)他們不知道要去哪里。l機(jī)會(huì)面前人人均等，但當(dāng)機(jī)會(huì)真正來(lái)臨時(shí)，并非所有的人都做好了準(zhǔn)備。Translation skill (8)-正反、反正的譯法n從廣義上說(shuō)，任何反說(shuō)轉(zhuǎn)正說(shuō)和正說(shuō)轉(zhuǎn)反說(shuō)以及任何相反概念的轉(zhuǎn)譯都屬于這種譯法。如hunger march-反饑餓游行，terror war-反恐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，dust mask-防塵罩，tear test-抗拉扯實(shí)驗(yàn), the head of the story-故事的后面等都屬于廣義的正反譯法。而今天討

7、論的主要指帶有否定詞的正反翻譯。英語(yǔ)中含有no，not，never，none，un-，-less，im-，in-，ir-等成分的詞句，都被視為否定表達(dá)，簡(jiǎn)稱反說(shuō)。相反，英語(yǔ)中不含這些成分的詞句稱為肯定說(shuō)法，簡(jiǎn)稱正說(shuō)。漢語(yǔ)中含有“不”，“沒(méi)”，“未”，“休”，“莫”，“非”，“否”，“勿”等也都是否定表達(dá)。在翻譯中通常都可以保留原文的否定表達(dá)，但有時(shí)為了表達(dá)更為順暢，符合目的語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方法，或?yàn)榱嗽鰪?qiáng)語(yǔ)言效果，有時(shí)反說(shuō)正譯，或正說(shuō)反譯。 examplesDont stop working.繼續(xù)干活。繼續(xù)干活。He went into the insecure building.他走進(jìn)那座危樓。他走

8、進(jìn)那座危樓。他走進(jìn)那座不安全的樓。他走進(jìn)那座不安全的樓。He knew he was mortally ill.他知道他得的是不治之癥。他知道他得的是不治之癥。This would cover my absence from the base.這就為我不在基地提供了合法外衣。這就為我不在基地提供了合法外衣。這就掩飾了我不在基地的事實(shí)。這就掩飾了我不在基地的事實(shí)。Without reasoning one is apt to be beyond control.沒(méi)有理智容易變得不受約束。沒(méi)有理智容易變得不受約束。1、英語(yǔ)為正，漢語(yǔ)為反英語(yǔ)中很多詞本身就含有否定意義，beyond, absent,

9、 stop, bad, avoid, exclude, except, doubt, resistant, refuse, few, little, 這類詞在翻譯中要譯出它的含有的否定意義。 The window refuses to open.窗戶打不開(kāi)。窗戶打不開(kāi)。Children were excluded from getting in the building.孩子們不許進(jìn)入這幢樓房。孩子們不許進(jìn)入這幢樓房。具體例子q動(dòng)詞The first bomb missed the target.第一個(gè)炸彈沒(méi)有擊中目標(biāo)。第一個(gè)炸彈沒(méi)有擊中目標(biāo)。Such a chance was denied

10、me.我沒(méi)有得到這樣的一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。我沒(méi)有得到這樣的一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)?！癢hen?” “If the weather holds a couple of days.”什么時(shí)候？什么時(shí)候？要是天氣兩三天內(nèi)保持不變的話就可以。要是天氣兩三天內(nèi)保持不變的話就可以。His name escaped my memory.我想不起他的名字了我想不起他的名字了。副詞We may safely say so.我們這樣說(shuō)是萬(wàn)無(wú)一失的。我們這樣說(shuō)是萬(wàn)無(wú)一失的。我們這樣說(shuō)錯(cuò)不了。我們這樣說(shuō)錯(cuò)不了。He said idly, “Well, what does it matter?”他漫不經(jīng)心的說(shuō)，他漫不經(jīng)心的說(shuō)，“哼，這有什么關(guān)

11、系？哼，這有什么關(guān)系？”The subversion attempts proved predictably futile.不出所料，顛覆活動(dòng)證明毫無(wú)效果。不出所料，顛覆活動(dòng)證明毫無(wú)效果。形容詞He is not stupid, merely ignorant.他并不笨，僅僅是無(wú)知而已。It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given out.只要泄漏一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)風(fēng)聲，后果就不堪設(shè)想。The explanation is pretty thin.這個(gè)解釋很勉強(qiáng)。His refusal is not final.他的拒絕不是不可改

12、變的。介詞This problem is above me.這個(gè)問(wèn)題我不懂（或解決不了）It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.他無(wú)權(quán)簽訂這種合同。They found themselves far from ready to fight the war.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有做好作戰(zhàn)的準(zhǔn)備。More examplesWe believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.我們相信年輕一代不會(huì)辜負(fù)我們的信任。我們相信年輕一代不會(huì)辜負(fù)我們的信任。When Ph

13、ilip missed the last bus, he was at a loss to know what to do.菲利普誤了最后一班車，不知該怎么辦了。菲利普誤了最后一班車，不知該怎么辦了。Both sides thought that the peace proposal was the one they could accept with dignity.雙方認(rèn)為，他們可以不失體面地接受該和平建議。雙方認(rèn)為，他們可以不失體面地接受該和平建議。句子The weather is keeping dry.天老不下雨。（天氣一直很干燥。）天老不下雨。（天氣一直很干燥。）I will do

14、 it now before I forget it.趁還沒(méi)忘記，我現(xiàn)在來(lái)做這件事。趁還沒(méi)忘記，我現(xiàn)在來(lái)做這件事。Be sure to lock the door when you leave.離開(kāi)時(shí)不要忘記鎖門(mén)。離開(kāi)時(shí)不要忘記鎖門(mén)。I would rather go out for a walk than stay in the room doing nothing.與其在房間里什么事也不做，我寧愿到外面散步。與其在房間里什么事也不做，我寧愿到外面散步。The lecturer spoke above the heads of his audience.演講者講得太深?yuàn)W，聽(tīng)眾聽(tīng)不懂。演講者講

15、得太深?yuàn)W，聽(tīng)眾聽(tīng)不懂。I am at my wits end to keep this child quiet.我實(shí)在沒(méi)有辦法讓這孩子安靜下來(lái)。我實(shí)在沒(méi)有辦法讓這孩子安靜下來(lái)。 2.英語(yǔ)為反，譯語(yǔ)為正n動(dòng)詞 I rode around with him one day seeing how the ships unloaded.我一整天都坐車跟著他轉(zhuǎn)，看看船如何卸貨。我一整天都坐車跟著他轉(zhuǎn)，看看船如何卸貨。The man jumped over a neighboring garden wall and disappeared among the crowds.這個(gè)家伙越過(guò)鄰居的花園墻頭，消失

16、在人群里。這個(gè)家伙越過(guò)鄰居的花園墻頭，消失在人群里。The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanation.雖然他一再解釋，疑團(tuán)依然存在。雖然他一再解釋，疑團(tuán)依然存在。形容詞He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious.他這個(gè)人優(yōu)柔寡斷，而且總是反復(fù)無(wú)常。他這個(gè)人優(yōu)柔寡斷，而且總是反復(fù)無(wú)常。All the articles are untouched in the museum.博物館內(nèi)一切展品禁止觸摸。博物館內(nèi)一切展品禁止觸摸。名詞He manifested

17、a strong dislike for his fathers business.他對(duì)父親的生意表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的厭惡情緒。他對(duì)父親的生意表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的厭惡情緒。I watched with disbelief as a number was put on my arm- 82525.我疑惑地看著刺在我的手臂上的一個(gè)號(hào)碼我疑惑地看著刺在我的手臂上的一個(gè)號(hào)碼82525 。短語(yǔ)Dont lose time in posting this letter.趕快把這封信寄出去。趕快把這封信寄出去。The examination left no doubt that the patient had died o

18、f cancer.調(diào)查結(jié)果清清楚楚地說(shuō)明病人死于癌癥。調(diào)查結(jié)果清清楚楚地說(shuō)明病人死于癌癥。Students, with no exception, are to hand in their paper this afternoon. 今天下午所有的學(xué)生須上交自己的論文。今天下午所有的學(xué)生須上交自己的論文。句子The significance of these incidents was not lost on it.這些事情引起了我們的注意。這些事情引起了我們的注意。Such flights could not long escape notice.這類飛行遲早會(huì)被人發(fā)覺(jué)。這類飛行遲早會(huì)被人發(fā)覺(jué)。Tom saw at once that Mary was not all right.湯姆馬上看到瑪麗出了問(wèn)