北京科技大學(xué)201-2015學(xué)年第二學(xué)期語言學(xué)概論期末考試A含答案2016考研必備

1、北京科技大學(xué)2021- 2021學(xué)年 第 二 學(xué)期語言學(xué)概論試卷(A)試卷卷面成績(jī)占課程考核成績(jī)平時(shí) 成績(jī)占30%課程考核成績(jī)題號(hào)一一三四五六七八九十小計(jì)得分院(系)班級(jí) 學(xué)號(hào) 姓名自 覺 遵 守 考 試 規(guī) 那么誠 信 考 試絕 不 作 弊1.2.3.4.56.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.I. Choose from the following the one that best fits the blank and write down the correct answer below (1x15):A rose by any other name would smel

2、l as sweet. This shows that language has the design feature of .1.B. creativity C. duality D. displacement2. Concerning the origin of language, the existence of onomatopoeic words seem to be a convenient evidence for .A. arbitrarinessA. the bow-wow theoryB. the pooh-pooh theoryC. the yo-he-ho theory

3、D. the evolutionist theory3. The distinction between linguistic competence and performance was proposed byA. Jacobson B. Bloomfield C. D. H. Hymes D. Chomsky4. The study of the physical properties of speech sounds is called.A. articulatory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. auditory phoneticsD. percep

4、tual phonetics5. Which of the following is the correct description of k？A. voiceless alveolar stopB. voiceless alveolar fricativeC. voiceless velar stopD. voiceless velar fricative6. Which of the following is described as lbw back lax rounded vowel？A.B.C.D. u7. In Chinese, ph in 拼 and p in 賓 are.A.

5、two allophones B. two allomorphs語言學(xué)概論試卷A 第1頁共8頁C. two phonemes D. two morphemes8. / is used for.A. broad transcriptionB. narrow transcriptionC. phonetic transcription D. phonemic transcription9. The relationship between tulip" and flower" is.A. synonymy B. antonymy C. hyponymy D. oppositen

6、ess10. The study of language through the course of its history is called.A. synchronic studyB. diachronic studyC. descriptive studyD. prescriptive study11. Which of the following is not the focus of pragmatics:A. contextual meaning B. utterance meaningC. metaphorical meaning D. speaker meaning12. Th

7、e distinction between constatives and performatives was proposed by.A. William JamesB. John AustinC. John SearleD. Paul Grice13. In the syllable , the first k belongs to the.A. onset B. rhyme C. nucleus D. coda14. The English word “artificialsatellite" is borrowed from the Russiansputnik. It

8、9;s an example of.A. loanword B. loanblend C. loanshift D. loan translation15. Which of following semantic change is known as zero-derivation？A. Broadening. B. Narrowing. C. Meaning shift. D. Class shift.II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write the answer below (1x 15)

9、:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.1. By cardinal vowels, we refer to a set of basic vowels in the received pronunciation of British English.2. When we say that two words are synonyms, we mean they have the same associative meaning.3. By reflective meaning", Leech means what is communicated t

10、hrough association with another sense of the same expression.4. The Chinese lines 牯藤老樹昏鴉,小橋流水人家 stand as an typical example ofhypotactic relation between sentences.5. For sounds to be allophones of the same phoneme they must be complementarily distributed and must have phonetic similarity.6. Self-co

11、ntrol" is an example of endocentric compound while breakthrough' is an example of exocentric compound.7. A relative clause is joined to the sentence through a process called conjoining.8. Paradigmatic relation is a term used by Saussure to refer to the relation of substitutability.9. Poly-m

12、orphemic words are also called compounds, as they consist of at least two different morphemes.10. The distinction between open-class words and closed-class words is based on whether the membership of the group is fixed or limited.11. The distinction between §ens$ and reference" is comparab

13、le to that betweendenotation" and connotation", the former referring to abstract properties, the latter concrete entities.12. Bigger and smaller form a pair of gradable antonyms, although they involve a relation between two entities, because the original forms big and small are gradable an

14、tonyms.自覺遵裝守、考訂試線規(guī)那么內(nèi)誠不信考得試,答絕不題作弊13. In Katz and Fodors semantic theory, there are two parts: a dictionary and a set of projection rules.14. Propositional logic and predicate logic are branches of logical semantics, which is concerned with the meaning of propositions.15. The fact that we can refer

15、to Confucius or the North Pole, which are far away from us in time or space, is a typical example of the creativity of language.得分|III. Define the following terms (5x 6):1. recursiveness2. maximal onset principle3. inflectional affix:4. anticipatory coarticulation:5. illocutionary act:6. grammatical

16、 wordIV. Answer the following questions briefly (10 x 2):1. Related to the design features of language, what doe A rose by any other name would smell as sweet mean？2. Explain the main characteristics of subjects in English.語言學(xué)概論 試卷A 第5頁共8頁得 分 | V. What is the Cooperative Principle？ What are its maxi

17、ms？ Please illustrate with at least two examples how the violation of the maxims can give rise to conversational implicature (20):自覺遵裝守、考訂試線規(guī)那么內(nèi)誠不信考得試,答絕不題作弊語言學(xué)概論 試卷A 第9頁共8頁北京科技大學(xué)2021 2021學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期語言學(xué)概論試題答案及評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I. 15分,每題1分1. A2. A 3. D 4. B5. C6. C7. C8. D9. C10. B 11. C 12. B13. A14. C15. DII. (15分,每

18、題1分1. F2. F 3. T 4. F5. T6. T7. F 8.F9. F10. T 11. F 12. F13. T14. T15. FIII. (30分,每題5分1. Recursivenessmainly means that a phrasal constituent can be embedded within another constituent having the same category (2 points), but it has become an umbrella term for different means of extending sentences

19、(2 points), such as coordination and subordination, conjoining and embedding, hypotactic and paratactic (1 point).2. This is a principle concerning the division of syllables (1 point). When there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the coda (4 points).3

20、. Inflectional affixes are bound morphemes that are added to stems to add a minute or delicate grammatical function to the stem (2 points), which do not change the word class of the stem (2 points). For example, -es in teaches, -ing in teaching, etc (1 point).4. This is a phonetic term to refer to t

21、he process in which simultaneous and overlapping articulation are involved (1 point). In this process, a sound becomes more like the following sound(3 point), as in the case of lamb, the production of is affected by the following nasal m (1 point)5. This is a concept proposed by John Austin to accou

22、nt for in what sense to say something is to do something (1 point). When we speak, we not only produce certain sounds, but also make clear our purpose and intention (3 point). A speech act in this sense is called an illocutionary act (1 point).6. Grammatical words are words that mainly work for cons

23、tructing group, phrase, clause, clause complex or even text (3 points), such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns (1 point). They serve to link together different content parts (1 point).IV.(每題10分,共20分)1. The different pronunciation of the letter n in each pair can be accounted for b

24、y a語言學(xué)概論 試卷A 第6頁共8頁phonological process called assimilation (2 points), in which the pronunciation of a sound is affected by its neighbouring sound (2 points). The letter n in all words might be originally pronounced n, but in sink and pancake, as this sound is followed by a velar sound k, the alveo

25、lar nasal is affected and becomes velarized, so it is pronounced instead (4 points). The two are both examples of regressive assimilation, in which a following sound influences a preceding sound (2 points).2. English subjects have the following properties:1) Word order: Subject ordinarily precedes t

26、he verb in statement. (2 points)2) Pro-forms: The first and third person pronouns in English appear in a special form when the pronoun is a subject. This form is not used when the pronoun occurs in other positions. (2 points)3) Agreement with verb: In the simple present tense, an -s is added to the

27、verb when a third person subject is singular. (2 points)4) Content questions: if the subject is replaced by a question word (who or what), the rest of the sentence remains unchanged. But when any other element of the sentenceis replaced by a question word, an auxiliary verb must appear before the su

28、bject. (2 points)5) Tag question: A TAG QUESTION is used to seek confirmation of a statement. It always contains a pronoun which refers back to the subject, and never to any other element in the sentence. (2 points)V. (20 分)According to Paul Grice, when we are engaged in a conversation, we try to make our conversational contribution such as is required, at the sta